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THE  WHITE  HOUSE 


WASHINGTON 


January  10,  1922. 


My  dear  ttr.  Clarice: 

With  the  liveliest  recollection  of  the 
splendid  work  the  Y.II.C.A.  has  performed  in  the 
public  interest,  I find  it  a real  pleasure  to 
give  endorsement  to  your  program  for  extending 
its  educational  activities. 

It  may  well  be  doubted  whether  there 
are  any  instrumentalities  of  social  service, 
better  equipped  than  your  own,  to  carry  on  the 
kind  of  work  you  are  doing  among  the  ex-service 
men* 


Very  sincerely, 


Ur.  O.S.  Clarke 

c-o  The  United  Y.U.C. A. Schools 

Extension  Division 

375  Lexington  Avenue 

Kew  York  City. 


A LETTER  OF  APPRECIATION  FROM  PRESIDENT  HARDING 


COPYRIGHTED,  JUNE  I,  I922,  BY 
THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 
NEW  YORK.  N.  Y. 


THE  MOST  • SERVICE  • FOR  ■ THE  • L EAST  ■ MONEY 


Home -Study  Courses 

Taught  by  Correspondence 

The  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  an  organization  with  over 
thirty  years’  experience  in  educational  work,  now  offers 
personalized  correspondence  instruction  in  more 
than  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  courses. 


YMCA 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.CA.  SCHOOLS 

extension  T)ivision 
375  LEXINGTON  AVENUE 
NEW  YORK,  N.Y. 


^ur  Bigger  Self 

Hunt  up  one  of  the  pictures  that  were  taken  of  you  when  you 
were  a youngster.  Compare  it  with  your  latest  photograph. 

How  you  have  grown ! 

Then  think  a minute  about  the  growth  of  your  mental  self.  By 
the  time  a man  reaches  20  to  25,  he  has  stopped  growing  physically. 
Exercise  and  habits  of  eating  and  living  will  change  weight  and 
muscle  but  not  the  general  size  to  any  great  degree. 

Your  mental  self,  however,  does  not  have  to  stop  growing  when 
you  get  into  the  twenties.  With  proper  attention,  it  keeps  on  grow- 
ing— after  you  are  twenty,  thirty,  forty,  or  older. 

It  is  startling  to  hear  the  opinion  of  men  who  have  given  a 
great  deal  of  study  to  mankind.  They  say  that  many  thousands  of 
men  let  their  mental  selves  stop  growing  when  they  have  reached 
only  a third  or  a half  of  their  growth — that  the  world  is  full  of 
middle-aged  people  whose  minds  are  no  more  developed  than  they 
were  at  the  ages  of  18  to  20. 

On  the  front  cover  of  this  catalog  is  a picture  of  the  two  selves 
— the  SELF  that  probably  you  are  today  and  the  BIGGER  SELF 
that  you  can  become — that  you  were  intended  to  become. 

A well  developed  body  is  a wonderful  thing.  Have  as  good  a 
body  as  you  can.  Treasure  it.  But  mere  physique  can’t  get  you 
very  far  in  real  accomplishment.  Your  value  is  measured  more  by 
what  is  above  your  neck  than  by  the  section  of  your  body  below. 
The  man  who  wins  is  the  man  who  knows! 

To  be  a BIGGER  MAN — to  be  fitted  for  more  responsibility, 
to  be  ready  for  leadership,  to  be  able  to  command  congenial  work, 
to  be  entitled  to  bigger  pay,  you  must  not  content  yourself  with 
DREAMING  of  your  Bigger  Self.  You  must  feed  and  exercise 
your  mind  just  as  you  do  your  body. 

Yes,  you  have  TIME.  Don’t  deceive  yourself. 

All  of  us  have  time  for  what  we  really  WANT  to 
do.  If  you  are  like  most  men,  you  work  from  48  to 
54  hours  a week.  Sleep  takes  56  hours  more.  You 
devote  18  to  21  hours  a week  to  your  meals.  This 
leaves  you  about  40  hours  a week.  A third  or  fourth 
of  this  spare  time  devoted  to  the  acquirement  of 
useful  knowledge  will  put  you  on  the  road  to  Success. 

Watch  your  seven  o’clocks.  There  is  one  every 
evening.  On  how  you  use  youi:  time  from  seven  to  ten 
depends  your  real  stature  among  your  fellowmen. 


WATCH  YOUR 
7 O'CLOCKS 


J3o  err’d  of'  GoTJor’rz  ors  of'  t/ie 
UNITBD  ^M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


1 Ik . M 

Mlllllll  III 

1 IIIIIIIH 

William  F.  Hirsch,  Executive  Secretary 


The  Story  of  the  Organization 
and  the  Men  Behind  it 

For  more  than  thirty  years  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  has 
provided  educational  classes  for  young  men.  The  Association  was  a 
pioneer  in  offering  evening  vocational  instruction  to  men  obliged  to 
secure  their  training  and  education  in  spare  time.  It  developed  many  of  the 
courses  and  methods  now  widely  used  by  other  organizations  and  institutions. 
During  all  these  years,  first  in  evening  schools  and  later  in  day  schools  also, 
the  Association  has  sought  to  cultivate  the  highest  and  best  kinds  of  personal 
relations  between  students  and  teachers,  not  only  as  a means  of  securing  the 
largest  educational  result,  but  also  because  it  believes  that  the  development  of 
right  character  is  an  essential  part  of  a real  education. 

These  ideals  and  aims  commended  themselves  to  thinking  men  and  won 
the  respect  and  confidence  of  students.  As  a result,  the  Association  Schools 
grew  steadily  in  number,  size  and  influence. 

In  the  spring  of  1919,  a great  impetus  was  given  to  educational  work  in 
the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  by  the  organization  of  the  United 
Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  which  is  a federation  of  nearly  400  local  or  resident  Y.M.C.A. 
Schools,  conducted  in  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and 
which  has  as  its  aim  the  development  of  a continent-wide,  standardized,  Christian 
character-building  program  of  education.  By  bringing  all  these  separate  schools 
into  one  great  system,  a very  valuable  interchange  of  experience  and  assist- 
ance has  been  made  possible. 

Y.M.C.A.  Schools  carry  on  class  work  in  a wide  variety  of  courses,  rang- 
ing from  the  most  elementary  to  those  of  collegiate  grade.  Twenty  of  these 
schools  are  authorized  to  grant  collegiate  degrees,  having  been  approved  by 
their  State  Departments  of  Education.  During  the  school  year  of  1920-21,  the 
schools  included  in  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  organization  enrolled  in  resi- 
dent courses  a total  of  129,779  different  students. 

The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  both  in  the  resident  and  in  the  extension  or 
correspondence  courses,  are  directed  by  a Board  of  Governors  of  fifteen  men 
whose  pictures  are  shown  on  the  opposite  page. 


The  chief  executive  officer  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  is  William  F. 
Hirsch,  whose  offices  are  at  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

These  men,  as  well  as  hundreds  of  others  who  are  giving  largely  of  their 
time  and  means  to  the  w’ork  of  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  are 
zealous  and  vigilant  to  see  that  the  educational  work  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A. 
Schools  shall  maintain  the  highest  possible  standards  of  service. 


NAMES  AND  BUSINESS  ADDRESSES  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  GOVERNORS 


Harry  W.  Stone,  Chairman  Edwin  L.  Shuey,  Vice-Chairman 

General  Secretary  Y.M.C.A.  Manufacturer 

PORTLAND,  ORE.  DAYTON,  OHIO 

C.  K.  Calhoun 

Associate  General  Secretary  International  Committee  Y.M.C.A. 

NEW  YORK  CITY 

W.  K.  Cooper  E.  J.  Couper 

General  Secretary  Y.M.C.A.  Financier 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.  MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN. 

B.  I).  Edwards 

Chancellor  Detroit  Institute  of  Technology 

DETROIT,  MICH. 

\V.  T.  Diack  H.  C.  Daines 

General  Secretary  Y.M.C.A.  Educational  Secretary  Y.M.C.A. 

NEW  YORK  CITY  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

B.  A.  Franklin 

Vice-President  Strathmore  Paper  Co. 

SPRINGFIELD,  MASS. 


William  Francis 
Manufacturer 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

F.  P.  Speare 

President  Northeastern  University 
Boston,  Mass. 

W.  n.  Lippold 

Educational  Secretary  Y.M.C.A. 

LOUISVILLE,  KY. 


A.  J.  Fowler 
Attorney 

DENVER,  COLO. 


H.  F.  Henderson 
General  Secretary  Y.M.C.A. 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIF. 


E.  L.  Wertheim 

Educational  Secretary  IVest  Side  Y.M.C.A. 
new  YORK  CITY 


Thousands  of  Satisfied  Students 

The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  have  made  no  effort  to  secure  endorsements 
from  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  students  under  Y.M.C.A.  direction  during 
the  past  quarter  of  a century.  If  this  work  were  undertaken,  a veritable 
library  of  books  could  be  filled.  For  in  every  section  of  America  there  are  men 
in  high  positions  who  owe  their  advancement,  to  some  extent  at  least,  to 
courses  offered  by  the  Y.M.C.A.  Hundreds  of  these  men  voluntarily  write 
letters  such  as  one  from  Edward  W.  Bok,  a director  of  the  Curtis  Publishing 
Company,  and  many  years  editor  of  the  “Ladies’  Home  Journal.”  Mr.  Bok  early 
in  life  enrolled  for  a course  in  the  Brooklyn  Y.M.C.A.  His  increased  ability 
advanced  him  to  a position  as  reporter  for  the  “Brooklyn  Eagle,”  and  his 
climb  thereafter  was  rapid.  Mr.  Bok  says:  “You  can  see  what  a big  niche  the 
Y.M.C.A.  filled  in  the  life  of  a poor  boy;  it  gave  him  a chance  to  take  advan- 
tage of  the  opportunities  ahead  of  him.” 

Remarkable  Results  of  an  Investigation 

In  Cincinnati,  several  judges  and  many  of  the  practicing  attorneys  are  grad- 
uates of  the  law  school  operated  by  the  local  Y.M.C.A.  In  Dayton,  Ohio,  a very 
large  proportion  of  the  draftsmen,  engineers,  foremen,  etc.,  owe  their  training 
to  the  Y.M.C.A.  Like  situations  may  be  found  in  many  cities. 

Recently  an  investigation  among  students  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools 
studying  by  correspondence  in  a Middle  Western  state  was  made  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  head  office  of  these  Schools.  Remarkable  as  it  may  seem, 
96 '/2  per  cent  of  the  students  expressed  themselves  as  well  satisfied  with  our 
educational  service  and  the  results  attained. 

It  is  unlikely  that  any  other  educational  institution  offering  instruction 
through  the  mails  could  surpass  this  showing,  even  if  they  could  equal  it. 


What  Our  Students  Say  About 
Y.M.C.A.  Home-Study  Courses 


Courses  Are  Up  To  College  Standard 

"These  Y.M.C.A.  Home  Study  Courses  are 
wonderful.  The  texts  are  the  most  practical 
and  complete  books  I have  ever  seen.  From 
what  I have  learned  of  engineering  courses 
during  my  two  years  at  College,  I am  con- 
vinced, as  far  as  instruction  goes,  that  these 
courses  are  up  to  college  standard.  No  stu- 
dent can  help  feeling  the  influence  of  service 
which  lies  back  of  the  whole  Y.M.C.A.  or- 
ganization.” ARLO  R.  LAUGEE, 

26  Avery  St.,  Laconia,  N.  H. 

Course  Brought  Promotion 

"Largely  as  a result  of  my  spare-time  study, 
for  which  I give  the  Y.M.C.A.  their  full 
measure  of  credit,  I have  been  promoted  to 
the  position  of  bookkeeper  in  the  oflice  where 
I have  been  employed  for  some  time.  With- 
out this  preparation  I would  not  have  been 
able  to  hold  the  position,  nor  would  the  op- 
portunity have  been  given  me  if  my  superior 
had  not  known  of  the  effort  I have  been 
making  to  improve  myself.” 

JOSEPH  F.  GREENLEE. 

Charleston,  W.Va. 

Says  “Y”  Schools  Are  Different 

"Correspondence  Schools  as  a rule  appreciate 
the  tuitions  more  than  a successful  student, 
but  you  are  different  and  I like  you.  I like 
your  very  interesting  lessons,  your  methods 
of  teaching  Commercial  Illustrating,  and 
your  frank  criticism.  Your  course  of  in- 
struction is  unique,  and  as  far  as  I have 
gone  it  has  done  me  more  good  than  I can 
tell  you.  Your  textbook  method  of  teaching 
is  far  better  and  different  from  the  methods 
pursued  by  other  schools.  I have  come  in 
contact  with  several  correspondence  schools, 
but  they  cannot  compare  with  your  methods 
and  lessons.”  HAROLD  M.  DORWORTH, 

Franklin.  Pennsylvania. 

Dozens  of  Short-Cut  Methods 

"I  find  my  course  in  Business  Administra- 
tion very  comprehensive.  It  teaches  me 
dozens  of  different  short-cut  methods,  many 
of  which  are  directly  applicable  in  my  daily 
work  and  would  take  me.  if  I were  forced 
to  get  these  methods  single  handed,  many 
years  of  work  in  the  business  world.  With 
this  comes  a very  solicitous  feeling  on  the 
part  of  the  instructors.  Even  the  Secre- 
tary himself  appears  personally  interested 
in  my  welfare.”  EDWARD  S.  RIDER, 

1315  Pacific  Ave.,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 

Easy  to  Understand — Readily  Applied 

"I  wish  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the 
way  you  have  helped  and  advised  me  while 
studying  your  course  in  Poultry  Husbandry. 
I have  never  asked  for  help  or  advice  in 
any  way  that  has  not  been  given  with  the 
greatest  care.  The  course  itself  is  thorough 
in  every  respect.  It  is  easy  to  understand 
and  can  be  readily  applied.  I do  not  hesitate 
to  recommend  this  course  to  my  friends  or 
anyone  else.” 

VENUS  B.  WEATHERFORD. 

Roberts.  111. 


Recommends  Advertising  Course 

"I  have  been  taking  the  Y.M.C.A.  Adver- 
tising  Course  and  desire  to  express  my 
pleasure  and  satisfaction  with  the  manner 
in  which  it  is  given.  There  is  just  enough 
theory  to  give  one  an  excellent  idea  of 
various  methods  involved  in  the  operation 
of  Advertising  work.  The  instructors,  one 
of  whom  I personally  know,  are  able  and 
experienced  and  are  only  too  willing  and 
pleased  to  be  of  any  aid.  I have  had  several 
experiences  which  have  impressed  me  of 
this  fact.  I heartily  recommend  this  course 
to  any  person  who  desires  to  study  ad- 
vertising.”  JOHN  E.  WEITZEL, 

Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

Course  Is  Not  All  Theory 

"I  am  enjoying  my  course  in  Farm  Manage- 
ment very  much.  I especially  like  it  be- 
cause it  is  not  all  theory  and  can  be  applied 
every  day  on  the  farm.” 

ROY  H.  ELLIOTT, 
Fayettesville,  Arkansas. 

Installs  Bookkeeping  System 

“The  manager  of  a little  rubber-heel  com- 
pany came  to  my  boss  at  the  Overland  one 
day  in  January  and  told  him  that  he  had 
decided  to  install  a new  bookkeeping  system 
and  would  like  to  have  a young  man  to  fill 
the  job.  My  boss  knew  that  I was  at  the 
time  taking  a course  in  this  work  and  asked 
me  if  I was  well  enough  along  to  tackle 
the  job.  I told  him  yes.  With  the  help  of 
the  course  I have  started  with  you  I have 
completed  the  costs  and  statements  foi  the 
first  two  months.  The  Board  of  Directors 
said  the  reports  were  fine  and  congratulated 
me  on  my  work.”  jjqn  E.  PHELPS. 

Elyria,  Ohio. 

Finds  Course  Complete  in  Every  Detail 

The  writer  cannot  refrain  from  offering  a 
few  words  of  commendation  in  favor  of  the 
excellent  course  in  Storage  Batteries  offered 
by  the  Y.M.C.A.  Schools.  1 have  found 
my  course  complete  in  every  detail  and  ad- 
ministered with  a thoroughness  that  has 
been  very  gratifying.  I wish  you  unbounded 
success.  c.  V.  GILMORE. 

2931  Atlantic  Ave.,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J< 

Salesmanship  Course  Applies  to 
Any  Walk  in  Life 

"I  have  received  so  many  benefits  from  my 
course  in  Salesmanship  that  I hardly  know 
which  is  the  greatest.  It  has  taught  me  to 
concentrate  and  study,  it  has  set  my  brain 
to  working,  taught  me  to  think  as  never  be- 
fore. It  has  improved  my  character,  and 
put  me  on  the  road  to  success  in  many 
things  I have  qndertaken.  I find  the  prin- 
ciples of  this  course  work  in  any  walk  in 
life,  not  alone  in  salesmanship.  So  the 
greatest  thing  I have  received  from  this 
course  is  the  right  road  to  success  and 
happiness.”  h.  J.  REED, 

13  Hauber  Ave..  St.  Marys,  Pa. 


THE  EXTENSION  DIVISION 


Superior  Home-Study  Courses 


Especially  Prepared  for  Effective  Instruction 
By  the  Correspondence  Method 


For  the  purpose  of  offering  correspondence  instruction  under  the  same 
general  principles  and  with  the  high  aims  that  characterize  the  Y.M.C.A. 
resident  school  work,  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  in  the  fall  of  1919, 
organized  the  Extension  Division.  Prior  to  this  time  Y.M.C.A.  educational  ser- 
vice was  confined  to  some  400  of  the  larger  cities  and  towns.  This  enlarge- 
ment of  the  scope  of  the  work  meant  that  the  organization  became  able  to 
offer  its  high-grade  instruction  and  service  to  any  person  anywhere.  A. special 
reason  for  extending  the  service  was  the  need  of  providing  correspondence 
courses  for  ex-service  men  who  were  receiving  scholarship  assistance  from  the 
War  Work  Council  of  the  Y.M.C.A.  Furthermore,  the  large  general  interest 
in  correspondence  instruction  had  created  a demand  for  such  instruction  at 
reasonable  rates  with  a guarantee  of  adequate  service  and  helpfulness  to 
students.  To  this  high  purpose  the  Extension  Division  was  dedicated. 

On  November  1,  1919,  Mr.  J.  Foster  Hill,  a graduate  of  Harvard  University, 
who  has  had  twenty-five  years  of  experience  as  an  educator,  both  in  the  Y.M.C.A. 
and  in  the  correspondence  school  field,  was  commissioned  to  undertake  the  task 
of  preparing  the  courses  of  study  and  of  engineering  the  school.  He  gathered 
quickly  a large  staff  of  trained  specialists  and  with  their  untiring  assistance  and 
whole-hearted  co-operation  there  were  prepared  some  fifty  courses  with  which 
to  begin  the  work  for  ex-service  men.  The  first  student  was  enrolled  February 
20,  1920,  and  the  school  grew  rapidly  from  that  day.  During  the  first  two  years 
26,008  students  were  enrolled,  representing  every  state  in  the  Union  and  nearly 
every  Province  of  Canada,  as  well  as  several  European  and  Asiatic  countries. 

In  the  two  and  one-half  years  that  the  Extension  Division  has  been  in 
operation  more  than  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  courses  of  study  have  been 
prepared,  covering  elementary,  high  school,  vocational,  scientific,  agricultural, 
engineering,  language,  and  commercial  subjects.  In  fact,  practically  every  sub- 
ject that  may  be  studied  by  correspondence  will  be  found  listed  and  described 
in  this  general  catalog. 

The  schools  are  operated  for  service,  not  for  money  profits.  All  that  the 
student  pays  can  therefore  be  used  in  the  maintenance  of  service.  The  aim 
is  solely  that  of  helpfulness  to  the  student.  Hence,  the  slogan,  “The  most  ser- 
vice for  the  least  money.” 

All  courses  are  based  on  the  newest  and  best  standard  textbooks.  We  are 
thus  able  always  to  keep  our  courses  up-to-date  and  can  take  advantage  of  the 
best  productions  of  the  most  skillful  and  practical  writers.  These  texts  are 
supplemented  by  instruction  sheets  and  personal  correspondence  with  the 
teacher — a combination  that  makes  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  correspondence 
teaching  plan  strikingly  effective. 


The  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  have  always  sought  to  develop  sympathetic  per- 
sonal relations  between  student  and  teacher.  That  the  Extension  Division 
has  succeeded  in  a remarkable  way  in  personalizing  its  instruction-by-mail 
methods  is  shown  by  hundreds  of  letters  from  students  who  feel  as  the  one 
who  wrote:  “I  don’t  see  how,  with  your  thousands  of  students,  you  succeed  in 
making  me  feel  that  I am  getting  the  undivided  attention  of  my  teacher.” 

In  giving  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  instruction-by-mail  service  there 
are  employed  a carefully  selected  and  adequately  trained  staff  and  faculty. 
The  executives  are  men  of  wide  experience  in  their  various  specialties,  while 
practically  all  the  men  and  women  on  the  faculty  have  college  training  and 
successful  teaching  experience,  as  well  as  high  personal  character. 

The  Extension  Division,  in  the  ability  and  experience  of  its  executives  and 
instructors,  is  a tried  and  efficient  organization.  The  Y.M.C.A.  in  undertaking 
this  new  educational  work  is  able  to  draw  on  a more  far-reaching  experience  in 
spare-hour  teaching  than  perhaps  any  other  educational  institution.  Many  sub- 
jects were  taught  in  Y.M.C.A.  classes  before  like  instruction  was  available  in 
other  schools.  The  increasing  field  organization  of  the  Extension  Division  and 
its  affiliation  with  nearly  400  resident  Y.M.C.A.  schools,  all  part  of  a continent- 
wide system  of  education,  give  to  students  opportunities  of  personal  service  and 
helpfulness  not  to  be  had  elsewhere  in  the  field  of  correspondence  instruction. 


Thirty  years  ago,  when  the  correspondence  method  of  giving  instruction 
was  first  suggested  in  the  United  States,  few  people  interested  in  educational 
work  believed  that  satisfactory  instruction  could  be  given  through  the  mails. 
The  method  was  regarded  as  a fad  or  novelty.  The  critics  did  not  reflect  ap- 
parently that  the  United  States  Govemment,  the  newspapers  and  magazines 
and  other  agencies  were  distributing  a vast  amount  of  useful  information  by 
the  correspondence  method.  They  forgot  that  even  the  Greatest  of  Books  con- 
sisted largely  of  letters  from  the  apostles.  They  overlooked  the  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  ambitious  people  whose  duties  keep  them  from  attending  classes. 

Today  at  least  fifty  colleges,  universities,  and  other  public  educational 
institutions  are  operating  correspondence  or  home-study  divisions.  In  addition 
to  these  there  are  at  least  two  hundred  private  correspondence  schools  offering 
instruction  in  almost  every  conceivable  subject.  The  correspondence  school  has 
long  ago  passed  the  experimental  stage.  The  question  today  for  the  person 
needing  such  a school  is  “which  one  will  give  me  the  best  type  of  ser\dce?” 

The  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  undertook  its  first  correspondence 
teaching  in  France  in  1918  for  the  purpose  of  providing  courses  of  study  for 
American  soldiers  whose  military  duties  prevented  them  from  entering  the 
resident  schools  established  in  various  parts  of  France.  When  the  need  for 
such  a school  no  longer  existed  in  Europe,  the  Extension  Division  of  the 
United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  was  formed  in  New  York  as  a supplement  to  the  resi- 
dent educational  work  which  is  conducted  by  several  hundred  local  Associa- 
tions in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  This  new  department  fills  a real  need. 
It  brings  to  men  and  women  everywhere  a great  variety  of  courses  at  a low 
cost  for  the  most  personal  type  of  service. 


of 

Correspondence  Instruction 


Scope  of  the  United  Y,M.CA.  Schools  Courses 

And  Methods  of  Correspondence  Instruction 


A PERUSAL  of  this  catalog  will  convince  the  reader  that  the  Exten- 
sion Division  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  now  has  the  most  com- 
plete and  practical  list  of  correspondence  instruction  ever  offered.  Some 
of  the  advantages  of  correspondence  instruction  as  offered  by  this  school  are 
summarized  in  the  following  fourteen  points  of  Y.M.C.A.  service. 


1 The  method  of  studying  a Y.M.C.A. 

course  by  mail  enables  men  and  women 
everywhere  to  utilize  even  short  periods  of 
spare  time  in  following  systematic  and  profit- 
able courses  of  study — not  only  the  spare 
hours  at  home,  but  odd  minutes  on  the  car  or 
at  noontime. 

The  basis  of  all  good  teaching  is  self-ex- 
' pression  on  the  part  of  the  student.  The 
students  of  the  extension  division  recite  their 
entire  courses  in  writing,  which  is  the  most 
thorough  of  all  recita- 
tion methods . ‘ ‘ Read- 
ing maketh  a full 
man,”  declared  Lord 
Bacon,  “and  writing 
an  exact  man.” 

2 Our  correspond- 
’ ence  method  of 
instruction  enables 
the  student  to  crys- 
tallize his  ideas  in  his 
own  mind  while  pre- 
paring liis  written 
work.  The  knowl- 
edge gained  becomes 
a permanent  part  of 
his  mental  equip- 
ment, readily  accessi- 
Students’  Textbooks  pie  whenever  needed . 
and  Supplies  Are 

Mailed  Immediately  criticism  of  the 

student’s  written  reci- 
tations is  individual.  The  instructors  have 
before  them  the  educational  records  of  the 
student  which  show  progress  made  with  the 
course  to  date  and  the  success  which  the 
student  has  had  with  each  lesson.  The  in- 
structor moreover  has  additional  information 
such  as  the  student’s 
age,  occupational  ex- 
perience, and  extent 
of  his  previous  educa- 
tion , which  enables 
himto  dealintelligent- 
ly  with  the  student. 


^ The  work  of  the 
teacher  is  care- 
fully inspected.  This 
reduces  or  eliminates 
errors  of  oversight  or 
of  mere  personal  opin- 
ion on  some  mooted 
point. 

^ The  written  work 
sent  by  the  stu- 
dent is  returned  so 
that  he  may  rev-iew 


Instructor  Assisting 
Student  to  Grasp 
Difficult  Problem 


Registrar  Enrolling 
Student  by  Mail 


carefully  the  written 
criticism.  Each  stu- 
dent is  provided  a 
portfolio  in  which  to 
file  all  returned  les- 
sons so  that  he  may 
use  them  for  review 
when  preparing  his 
advanced  lessons. 
Our  students  may 
read  the  instruc- 
tor’s explanations 
over  and  over 
again.  No  word 
of  explanation  or 
solution  of  a diffi- 
cult problem  is 
lost. 


^ .All  students  are  supplied  with  memo- 
randum blanks  and  are  urged  to  write  fre- 
quently for  explanations  of  things  they  do  not 
thoroughly  understand.  Hundreds  of  letters 
are  sent  every  day  to  students  who  need  ad- 
ditional instruction  about  particular  points  in 
the  solution  of  some  difficult  problem  or 
project. 

7 Every  student  is  himself  the  class  and  may 
proceed  as  rapidly  as  time  and  ability  will 
permit,  or  as  slowly  as  may  be  necessary. 

Q The  newest  and  the  best  standard  text- 
books  are  used.  It  is  a great  advantage  to 
students  to  have 
textbooks  which 
are  well  known 
and  recognized 
to  be  standard  by- 
schools  and  col- 
leges everywhere. 

g Then; 

too, the 
text  books 
serve  only 
such  pur- 
poses as  they 
would  in  a resi- 
dent school.  Spe-  Experienced  Instructors 
cial  texts  and  in-  Correct  Lessons  Carefully 
struction  sheets 

designed  as  substitutes  for  lectures  and  class- 
room instruction  are  important  features  of  the 
courses.  The  vital  portions  of  each  lesson  are 
pointed  out  and  the  dilficult  parts  are  explained 
in  detail.  Questions  and  problems  on  each  les- 
son take  the  place  of  the  class-room  recitation 
or  written  quiz.  The  instructor  corrects  the 
student’s  work,  indicates  all  errors,  and,  if 
necessary,  explains  more  completely  or  some- 
times requests  the  student  to  send  in  additional 


work.  Instruction  is  in  every  case  suited  to 
individual  needs  and  progress  of  tlie  student, 
and  special  information  relating  to  his  work 
is  supplied  without  limit. 

10.  Our  courses  include  only  the  theory  that 
is  accepted  as  necessary  hy  resident 

schools  of  standing.  In  addition  we  introduce 
every  student  to  the  practical  phases  of  the 
subject  in  a way  that 
is  seldom  undertaken 
elsewhere. 

The  supplementary 
helps  that  accompany 
every  lesson  are  un- 
excelled for  clearness 
and  helpfulness.  We 
l ave  kept  in  mind 
that  the  student  who 
is  studying  alone 
needs  every  aid . 
Rarely  does  he  find 
himself  unable  to  pro- 
ceed intelligently 
with  a new  lesson. 
Department  Heads  Step  by  step  he  ac- 
Take  Personal  Interest  quires  information  of 
in  Student’s  Work  the  most  usable  kind 
and  finds  himself 
growing  enthusiastic  over  his  increasing  men- 
tal powers.  Each  lesson  leads  him  on  to  the 
next  with  a continuity  of  interest  and  progress 
which  is  .sustained  throughout  his  entire  course. 

11.  In  New  York  City,  where  most  of  the 
courses  have  been  written  or  arranged . we 

have  had  the  assistance  of  specialists  in  every 
field.  Probably  in  no  other  city  would  it  have 
been  so  easy  to  secure  this  broad  cooperation. 
Here  are  great  universities  and  libraries  and 
the  greatest  publishing  houses.  Text- 
writers,  editors, 
practitioners,  teach- 
ers, have  in  almost 
every  case  seemed 
ver.v  glad  to  be  able 
to  play  a part  in 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  educa- 
tional work.  It 
appeals  to  them  as 
a high  form  of 
sendee  in  which 
they  arc  proud  to 
assist,  and  this  atti- 
tude in  approach- 
ing their  work  has 
called  forth  their 
most  earnest  ef- 
forts. They  have 
given  freely  and 
whole-heartedly  of 
their  time  and  tal- 
ents to  further  the  welfare  of  the  great  army  of 
men  and  women  enrolled  in  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
home  study  courses. 

12.  When  the  student  desires  to  omit  any  of 
his  work  it  is  necessary  for  us  to  know 

what  educational  training  or  schooling  he  has 
had;  his  practical  experience,  particularly  the 
kind  of  work  he  has  done  in  the  last  six  years  or 


so  (this  means  the  nature  of  the  work,  not 
the  names  of  his  employers) , and  his  present 
occupation.  While  dt  is  not  imperative  to 
send  this  information 
with  the  application, 
often  it  may  save 
time  and  enable  him 
to  begin  his  .studies 
without  delay. 

13.  The  Extension 
Division  of  the 
United  Y.  M.  C.  A. 

Schools  operates  on 
the  platform  of  serv- 
ice and  assume,s  full 
responsibility  for  see- 
ing  every  student 
through.  It  does  not 
satisfy  our  organiza- 
tion to  enroll  the 
student  for  a course  The  Student’s  Grade  for 
and  collect  his  monGy . Each  Lesson  is  Care- 

We  know  that  if  the  fully  Recorded 

responsibility  is  left 

ivith  him,  often  he  will  not  go  far  with  his 
course.  We  are  anxious  to  have  all  our  stu- 
dents complete  their  chosen  courses,  receive 
their  certificates  or  diplomas,  and  make  prac- 
tical application  of  what  they  have  learned. 

We  therefore  follow  up  our  students  for 
years,  if  neces- 
sary , making 
every  possible 
effort  to  keep  up 
their  interest.  A 
strong  depart-  a 
ment  for  this 
pur|)ose  was  es- 
tablished when 
the  school  was 
organized.  It  is 
glad  to  have  a 
student  write 
confidentially 
about  any  per- 
sonal problem 
which  may  in- 
terfere with  his 
studies  or  affect 
his  success  in  Student’s  Progress  is  Aided 
jjfg  by  Sincere  Personal  Interest 

We  are  always  very  ready  to  assist  the 

student  in  making  a decision  regarding 
his  future  employment  and  we  do  everything 
possiiile  to  assist  him  in  .securing  a position 
where  he  can  apply  the  principles  he  is  study- 
ing in  his  course.  We  take  pride  in  recom- 
mending our  deserving  students  to  prospective 
employers , and  we  help  these  students  by  advice 
and  encouragement  overthe  more  or  less  difficult 
period  of  adjustment  to  a new  position.  Our 
students  know  we  are  watching  their  progress 
with  interest,  and  this  does  much  to  spur 
them  on  toward  success.  When  we  enroll  a 
student,  we  stand  ready  to  be  his  friend  as  well 
as  his  school.  Our  motto,  “The  Most  Serxice 
for  the  Least  Money"  is  more  than  an  apt 
slogan  with  us.  It  is  a live  expression  of  our 
purpose — one  that  is  always  before  us. 


Students  Benefit  by 
Prompt  Return  of 
Corrected  Lessons 


‘Optional. — lUc  reserve  the  right,  at  any  time  before  the  student  completes  his  course,  to  require 
the  work  optional  subjects  if,  in  our  judgment,  the  student  needs  this  training. 


What  He  Did  You  Can  Do 

/HAVE  purchased  a busi- 
ness and  by  the  use  of 
methods  explained  in  my 
United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools 
Course  have  increased  ?ny  busi- 
ness 75%  in  two  months." 

This  is  an  extract  from  a letter  received 
a short  time  ago  from  a young  man  in  New 
Jersey.  In  all  parts  of  the  country,  former 
students  are  enjoying  similar  successes  and 
rapid  advancement  by  applying  the  knowl- 
edge they  received  under  our  instruction  to 
the  business  of  making  a living. 

of  Your  Job 

If  you  expect  to  win  in  the  race  for  a bigger  job  you  must  know  more 
than  the  other  fellow  knows.  Study  your  job  so  you  can  do  your  work  better 
than  anj'^  one  else.  But  don’t  stop  there.  Pick  the  bigger  job  you  would  like 
to  have;  then  work  for  it.  We  can  help  you  prepare  yourself  to  handle  its 
duties  and  responsibilities.  When  you  know  and  your  employer  finds  out  that 
you  know,  your  advancement  will  be  rapid. 

Knowledge  Draws  the  Better  Salary 

Long  hours,  monotonous  work  and  low  wages  are  the  penalti.es  for  not 
knowing  how  to  do  one  special  line  of  work  better  than  the  other  fellow.  There 
are  always  plenty  of  low  paid  subordinates  looking  for  jobs.  But  when  it  comes 
to  filling  a position  that  requires  a special  training,  it  is  difficult  to  find  the 
right  man,  no  matter  how  large  the  salary  offered.  You  can  get  into  this  much- 
sought-for-class  of  trained  w'orkers  by  making  your  spare  hours  count  for 
something.  With  our  capable,  personalized  instruction  you  can  turn  these 
spare  hours  into  dollar-hours.  Large  profits  will  reward  you  for  the  time 
invested.  Others  have  done  it,  so  can  you. 

Three  Large  Volumes 
Full  of  Testimonials 
Like  These 

Students  in  all  parts  of  the  country 
are  enthusiastic  in  their  praise,  not 
only  of  the  high-grade  instruction  re- 
ceived but  also  for  the  close  personal 
interest  taken  in  the  individual  stud- 
ent’s welfare.  Thousands  of  voluntary 
letters  of  appreciation  come  to  us 
daily.  Extracts  from  these  letters 
show  that  our  best  advertisers  are  the 
students  themselves. 


Think  Ahead 


What  They  Did  You  Can  Do 


$75.00  Investment  Brings  in  $225.65 

I thank  you  for  your  attention  in  regard  to 
my  lessons.  The  course  in  Automobile  Con- 
struction and  Repair  has  already  helped  me 
very  much.  I am  kept  so  busy  that  I can 
hardly  take  enough  time  to  get  my  lessons 
properly.  Since  starting  this  course  I have 
taken  in  $225.65  and  I have  four  cars  wait- 
ing for  me  to  work  on,  besides  five  cars,  at 
another  place,  so  you  see  I have  all  I can 
do.  All  this  work  is  extra  for  I work  at 
night  for  the  American  Railway  Express  Co. 

HARRY  S.  MASON. 

Ottumwa.  la. 

Home  Study  'Brings  Fifty 
Dollar  Increase 

Shortly  after  starting  the  course  I was  in- 
terviewed with  reference  to  a better  position. 
One  question  asked  me  was,  "Are  you  doing 
any  Home  Study  ?”  And.  believe  me  I sure 
told  that  I was.  Now  I am  breaking  into 
harness.  My  salary  has  increased  from 
$200.00  to  $250.00  per  month,  so  I sure  feel 
justified  in  digging  in  after  more. 

A.  W.  FELTS,- 
Santa  Maria,  Cal. 

Since  Beginning  Course 
Salary  is  T ripled 

When  I started  the  course  I had  never  sold 
anything,  but  always  had  a desire  to  be  a 
salesman.  Through  what  I learned  from 
your  course  I have  been  able  to  secure  a 
position  as  salesman  with  three  times  the 
salary  I was  drawing  when  I started  to 
study.  A.  V.  SIGARS, 

Joplin,  Mo. 

Becomes  Advertising  Manager 

It  may  interest  you  to  know  that  I have 
received  a position  as  Advertising  Manager 
for  the  Bender  and  Brett  Stores.  I have 
undertaken  this  job  on  the  strength  of  what 
I have  learned  under  your  instruction. 

J.  MURRAY  SHOLLER. 

Altoona,  Pa. 

Study  Reaps  Large  Profits 

Made  a profit  of  $532  on  my  hens  after 
studying  your  course  in  Poultry  Husbandry. 

JAMES  F.  JONES. 

Federal,  Ky. 

.Ill  Expectations  Surpassed 

Your  course  surpassed  all  my  expectations 
and  the  personal  touches  of  encouragement 
are  a great  incentive  to  study  harder. 

GEO.  F.  HARRITY, 

Woodsville,  N.  H. 

Five  Lessons  and  He  Sells  a Picture 
After  five  lessons  in  your  Commercial  Art 
course,  I sold  my  first  picture  for  ten  dollars. 

JOHN  DRAYCOTT, 

Pawtucket.  R.  I. 

From  Packer  to  Shipping  Clerk 

When  I enrolled  for  this  course  I was 
packer.  Since  then  I have  been  promoted  to 
shipping  clerk.  ’Nough  said. 

C.  O.  ZEIMER, 

New  York  City. 


Practising  Dentist  Profits  by 
Study  of  Salesmanship 

I have  been  a practising  dentist  for  several 
years  with  varying  success,  Since  taking 
your  course  in  salesmanship  I have  in- 
creased my  business  30%  and  in  face  of 
competition  have  been  enabled  to  raise  my 
prices  50%.  Again  I want  to  tell  you  what 
a great  help  your  instruction  has  been  to 
my  success.  (Name  Upon  Request). 

Becomes  Publicity  Man 

You  will  no  doubt  be  glad  to  know  that  I 
liave  been  promoted,  thanks  to  the  help 
.given  in  your  advertising  course.  I have 
been  given  a position  in  the  Publicity  De- 
partment of  the  Generai  Offices  of  the  Bell 
Telephone  Co.,  Omaha. 

ARMIN  E.  KOEHLER, 
North  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Course  a Big  Help  in  Everyday  Business 

Your  course  has  been  a great  help  to  me  in 
my  everyday  business.  The  knowledge 
gained  from  the  study  of  your  course  has 
saved  for  me  the  loss  of  hundreds  of  dol- 
ELIAS  K.  KHALOUF, 
Indiana,  Pa. 

Study  Courses  Carry  Four  Men 
to  Larger  Success 

Four  of  our  men  studied  the  standard  United 
Y.M.C.A.  Schools  course  in  Salesman- 
ship. One  is  now  a Sales  Manager,  an- 
other a New  York  city  salesman,  the  third 
covers  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  and  the 
fourth  is  eastern  manager  for  a large  com- 
pany. Not  one  was  in  the  seiling  game  be- 
fore taking  up  your  course  in  salesmanship. 

H.  J.  SWANN,  Manager  of  Sales, 
Turtle  Brothers,  New  York  City. 

Whole-Hearted  Interest  Certainly  Helps 
I have  never  in  all  my  life  experienced  any- 
thing in  which  so  much  whole-hearted  interest 
has  been  displayed  as  by  your  people  in 
teaching  this  course.  BRUCE  WRAY. 

Eagle  Pass.  Texas. 

700%  Rooter  for  “V"  Courses 

Allow  me  to  thank  you  for  the  benefits  re- 
ceived from  your  Traffic  Management  course. 
I have  installed  a traffic  management  sys- 
tem in  the  firm  by  whom  I am  employed, 
thereby  saving  them  hundreds  of  dollars. 
By  showing  these  results  I am  pleased  to 
say  that  my  salary  has  been  increased  $25 
a month.  You  will  always  find  me  a 106% 
rooter  for  the  “Y”  Courses. 

W.  A.  REID, 

West  35th  St.,  New  York  City. 

Recommends  School  to 
All  Who  Wish  to  Succeed 
I feel  very  lucky  to  be  enrolled  in  the 
Y.M.C.A.  Schools.  I have  studied  several  other 
correspondence  courses  but  found  none  to 
come  up  to  the  “Y.*"  I can  honestly  recom- 
mend your  school  to  all  who  have  an  ambi- 
tion  to  succeed.  l W.  POLAND, 

Schenectady,  N.  Y. 


WHEN  Business  calls  upon  an  employee  to  do  a piece  of  work,  that  man 
must  be  ready  and  able  to  do  it  or  Business  passes  him  by  for  the  man 
who  can.  Business  is  growing  too  rapidly  these  days  to  take  the  time 
to  teach  its  employees  by  the  old  slow  method  of  experience. 

The  young  man  who  w'ants  to  get  into  business,  or  the  ambitious  man 
already  in  business,  who  wants  to  rise  to  higher  positions,  must  prepare  him- 
self in  spare  hours.  Business  will  not  wait.  He  must  be  ready  when  oppor- 
tunity comes. 

Opportunities  in  business  are  numberless.  The  wide  range  of  commercial 
pursuits,  the  variety  of  positions  within  a business,  and  the  many  duties  of  each 
position,  call  for  all  temperaments  and  types.  There  is  a place  for  almost 
every  man,  if  well  trained;  even  the  most  minor  positions  require  training. 

Practically  every  large  business  executive  in  this  country  of  opportunity 
rose  to  his  present  position  of  importance  by  training  to  do  the  job  at  hand 
better  than  the  other  fellow.  Men  who  control  millions  of  dollars  and  direct 
the  destinies  of  huge  corporations;  men  who  have  risen  to  the  highest  positions 
in  the  land,  are  vivid  examples  of  the  responsibilities  open  to  every  man. 
Chas.  M.  Schwab  in  less  than  a quarter  of  a century  rose  to  the  presidency 
of  one  of  America’s  largest  steel  companies.  He  is  but  one  of  the  thousands 
of  men  who  by  diligent  industrj^  and  spare-time  study  have  risen  to  the  top. 

In  order  to  operate  successfully  a one-man  retail  store  a man  must  be 
trained  in  modem  business  methods,  or  he  is  likely  to  join  the  great  army  of 
bankrupts  reported  yearly  by  Dun  and  Bradstreet.  To  operate  a big  business 
he  must  be  doubly  prepared.  The  larger  the  business  the  more  specialized  are 
the  positions,  leaving  less  opportunity  during  working  hours  for  one  employee 
to  learn  the  work  of  another.  If  he  would  know  the  job  alongside  him,  or  the 
one  just  ahead,  he  must  pursue  a course  of  study  aside  from  working  hours. 

Teachers  of  Experience  to  Guide  Your  Progress 

W.  W.  Harries,  B.A.,  C.P.A. — Graduate  of  the  University  of  London, 
England;  Certified  Public  Accountant  of  New  York;  with  actual  experience  in 
business,  and  as  practising  accountant  and  auditor;  business  letter  specialist; 
formerly  manager,  principal,  and  owner  of  business  colleges  in  the  United 
States,  Canada,  and  England.  As  head  of  the  Department,  Mr.  Harries  takes 
a personal  interest  in  every  student,  supervises  his  staff  of  instructors,  and 
inspects  all  work  sent  in  by  students. 

W.  C.  Price,  A.B. — Graduate  of  Lafayette  Col- 
lege; graduate  work  in  School  of  Business  Adminis- 
tration, New  York  University;  formerly  teacher 
of  commercial  subjects  in  high  schools.  Mr.  Price 
is  chief  instructor  in  Business  Law,  Banking,  anti 
Finance. 

C.  M.  MacDow — Graduate  of  Boston  Institute 
of  Business  Administration;  has  taken  special  w’ork 
at  New  York  University;  also  at  Boston,  specializ- 
ing in  accounting  courses;  formerly  secretary  and 
instructor  in  accounting  at  Boston  Institute  of 
Business  Administration.  Mr.  MacDow  is  head  of 
the  Accounting  and  Auditing  section. 

These  assisted  by  a large  staff  of  qualified  and 
experienced  Instructors,  give  personal  attention 
to  all  work  sent  by  the  students,  supplementing 

their  corrections  with  personal  letters.  w.  w.  harries 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


16 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Accountancy 

(Co-19x) 

There  are  over  300,000  business  corporations  in  the  United  States.  Each 
of  these  concerns  must  have  at  least  one  man  expert  in  the  knowledge  of 
accounting,  while  a great  number  of  the  larger  corporations  employ  as  many 
as  one  hundred  high  salaried  accountants.  Then  there  are  accountants  oper- 
ating independently  and  serving  a number  of  clients.  The  demand  for  men 
conversant  with  accounting  so  far  exceeds  the  supply  that  Accountancy  ranks 
as  one  of  the  highest  paid  professions. 

Due  to  the  fact  that  there  are  comparatively  few  men  expert  in  the 
knowledge  of  this  profession,  the  man  who  adds  to  his  knowledge  of  book- 
keeping a training  in  accounting  is  able  to  reach  an  enviable  position  among  busi- 
ness men  because  he  is  trusted  with  the  inmost  secrets  of  their  business  affairs. 

This  course  covers  every  phase  of  accounting  in  a thorough,  result-getting 
manner.  It  prepares  the  student  to  perform  efficiently  the  duties  of  accountant 


and  auditor;  also  prepares  for  the  C.P.^ 
Subjects  Covered 

ACCOUNTING  (Co-2) — Fundamentals  of  Ac- 
counting— History  and  development  of  ac- 
counting. Proprietorship.  Types  of  business 
organization.  Financial  statement.  Profit  and 
loss  elements.  Profit  and  loss  summaiy. 
Debit  and  credit.  Types  of  journals.  Busi- 
ness papers.  Business  methods.  Posting.  The 
trial  balance.  Closing  the  books.  Classifica- 
tion of  accounts. 

Partnership — Business  viewpoint.  Accounting 
viewpoint.  Cash.  Discounts.  Notes  receivable 
and  payable.  Sales.  Capitalization.  Partner- 
ship problems.  Partnership  profits.  Dissolu- 
tion. Accounting  records.  Controlling  ac- 
counts. 

Corporation — Formation.  Opening  and  closing 
corporation  books.  Consignments.  Approval 
sales.  Debenture  accounts.  Accounts  current. 
Installment  sales.  Proportion.  Balancing 
methods.  Single  or  simple  entry.  Some 
phases  of  interest. 

Problems  of  Valuation — Corporation  classes  of 
stock.  Accounting  for  stocks.  Voucher  sys- 
tem. Factory  costs.  Balance  sheets.  Gen- 
eral principles  of  valuation. 

Problems  of  Depreciation. — Aspects  of  depre- 
ciation. Definitions.  Causes.  Factors  of  rate 
determination.  Methods  of  calculating.  Ap- 
praisement of  various  methods.  Recording 
depreciation  on  the  books. 

Problems  of  Liquidation — Cash  and  mercantile 
credits.  Merchandise  stock-in-trade.  Tem- 
porary investments.  Accrued  and  deferred 
items.  Permanent  investments.  Machinery 
and  tools.  Furniture  and  fixtures.  Other 
equipment.  Building,  land,  and  wasting  as- 
sets. Patent.  Franchise.  Good-will.  Liabil- 
ities on  balance  sheet.  Bond  and  mortgages. 
Capital  stock  and  its  valuation.  Surplus  and 
reserves.  Sinking  fund.  Dividends.  Liquida- 
tion of  a corporation. 

Profit  and  Loss — Problems.  Summary.  Stand- 
ardization of  form.  Content  and  manner  of 
showing. 

General  Problems — Reason  for  combination. 
Types  of  consolidation.  Branch  house  ac- 
counting. Suspense  accounts.  Numbered  ac- 
counts. Statistics  in  business.  Private  books. 
Journal  vouchers.  Consolidated  balance  sheet 
and  profit  and  loss  summary.  Accounts  and 
reports  of  receivers  and  trustees. 

Application  of  Accounting  Principles — Organi- 
zation for  accounting  control.  Analysis  of 
borrower's  financial  statements.  Foreign  ex- 
change. Savings  banks.  Coal  mining.  Pre- 
cious metal  mining.  Farms.  Malleable  iron 
industries.  Contractors.  Coffee  trade.  De- 


L.  examination  in  any  state. 
in  This  Course: 

partment  stores.  Public  accountants  office. 
Advertising  agencies.  Hotels.  Municipalities. 

COMMERCIAL  LAW  (Co-31)— Definition  of 
contract.  Essentials  of  enforceable  contract. 
Classes  of  agreements.  Competent  parties. 
Operation  and  discharge  of  contracts.  Con- 
tracts concerning  sale  of  goods.  Bailment  of 
goods.  Insurance  contracts.  Contracts  con- 
cerning credits.  Negotiable  instruments.  Con- 
duct of  business  through  representatives. 
Partnerships.  Joint  stock  companies.  Corpo- 
rations. Property  in  land  and  movables. 
Personal  property. 

INCOME  TAX  PROCEDURE  (Co-30)— Peri- 
odical income.  Gains  and  profits.  Income 
deductions.  Depreciation  and  depletion.  Net 
income  for  corporation.  Domestic  and  for- 
eign corporation.  Exempt  corporations.  Types 
of  tax.  Invested  capital.  Returns.  Pay- 
ments and  claims.  Inspection  of  returns. 
Information  at  source.  Matters  partially  ob- 
solete. Capital  stock  tax.  Functions  of  tax 
practitioners.  Handling  doubtful  matters. 

COST  ACCOUNTING  (Co-4)— Principles.  Cost 
accounting  in  modern  business.  Routine. 
Methods.  Relation  between  general  ledger 
and  cost  accounting.  Indirect  expense  ac- 
counts. Stores  and  stores  department.  Stores 
accounting  and  records.  Stores  problems. 
Recording  cost  of  labor.  Time  and  pay  rec- 
ords. Indirect  expense.  Schedule  of  fixed 
charges.  Expense  distribution.  Representa- 
tive cost  systems.  Graphic  presentation  of 
cost  data.  Use  of  charts.  Forms. 

BUSINESS  ECONOMICS  (Co-5)— Underlying 
conditions  of  national  prosperity.  Primary 
factors  of  production,  labor,  power,  land, 
capital.  Productive  industries.  Relation  of 
utility  to  value.  Banking.  Marketing.  Free 
trade.  Protectionism.  Distribution  of  wealth. 
Wages.  Labor  organization.  Rent  of  land. 
Source  of  interest.  Cost  of  capital.  Profits. 
Consumption  of  wealth.  Rational  consump- 
tion. Luxury.  Taxation.  Financing  of  war. 
Communism.  Socialism.  Anarchism.  Con- 
structive Liberalism. 

AUDITING  (Co-6)  — Purposes  and  advantages 
of  audit.  How  to  begin  an  audit.  Balance 
sheet  audit.  Current  assets.  Cash.  Accounts 
receivable.  Inventories.  Fixed  assets.  Wast- 
ing assets.  Contingent  assets.  Secret  re- 
serves. Liabilities.  Reserves.  Partnerships. 
Capital  and  surplus.  Profit  and  loss  account. 
Certificates  and  reports.  Detailed  audit.  Com- 
pleted audit.  Continuous  audit.  Verification 
of  income.  Trial  balance.  Depreciation.  In- 
vestigations. Holding  companies.  Interest. 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


17 


Cost  Accounting 

(Co-9x) 

No  single  subject  is  of  more  interest  to  business  executives  today  than 
that  of  scientific  cost  accounting.  An  applicant  can  offer  no  better  reason  for 
his  employment  in  an  executive  or  production  department  than  the  statement 
“I  understand  cost  accounting  well.” 

Everywhere  manufacturers  and  merchants  are  discussing  methods  of 
figuring  costs,  devising  uniform  cost  systems  and  seeking  the  best  way  of  as- 
certaining their  manufacturing  and  selling  expense.  This  lucrative  field  is 
open  to  the  man  who  can  devise,  install,  and  put  in  operation  a practical  cost 
system;  and  this  is  what  the  Extension  Division,  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools 
trains  men  to  do. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


COST  ACCOUNTING  (Co-4)— General  Princi- 
ples— Cost  accounting  in  modern  business. 
Importance  of  cost  accounting.  Function  of 
cost  accounting.  Elements  of  production 
cost.  Cost  determination. 

Cost  Accounting  Procedure — Routine  of  cost 
accounting.  Cost  sheets.  Cost  accounting 
methods.  Simple  products.  Process  costs. 
Order  method  of  production.  Order  cost  ac- 
counting. Estimated  costs.  Estimating  cost 
systems. 

Relation  Between  General  Ledger  and  Cost 
Accounts — Financial  and  cost  accounts.  En- 
tries to  general  ledger  controlling  accounts. 
Order  method.  Process  method.  Indirect  ex- 
pense accounts.  Closing  the  controlling  cost 
accounts. 


Material  Costs — Stores  and  stores  department. 
Stores  accounting  and  records.  Stores  prob- 
lems. Classification. 

Labor  Costs — Recording  cost  of  labor.  Time 
and  pay  records.  Wage  systems. 

Indirect  Expense — General  consideration.  In- 
direct labor  and  supplies.  Fixed  charges. 
Depreciation.  E.xpense  distribution.  Machine 
hour  rates. 

Representative  Systems — Productive  center  job. 
Order  cost  system.  Process  cost  system.  Es- 
timated costs.  Textile  costs. 

Graphic  Representation  of  Cost  Data — State- 
ments. Difference  charts.  Ratio  charts  : Illus- 
trations. Limitations  and  difference  charts. 


Income  Tax  Procedure 

(Co-42x) 

Every  business  house  and  millions  of  men  and  women  must  pay  a yearly 
toll  to  the  government.  Federal  and  state  legislatures  have  passed  tax  laws 
that  are  difficult  for  the  average  man  to  interpret,  hence  many  people  must 
turn  to  the  expert  in  this  field  for  assistance. 

Trained  tax  experts  are  in  constant  demand  throughout  the  country,  and 
they  receive  comfortable  salaries  for  their  services.  This  course  will  give  you 
the  latest  and  most  authoritative  information  on  income  tax  procedure,  based 
on  the  Federal  Revenue  Act  of  1921.  Men  with  a fundamental  knowledge  of 
bookkeeping  and  business  can  become  proficient  in  tax  procedure  in  a 
short  time. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


INCOME  TAX  PROCEDURE  (Co-30)— Income 
— Taxes.  Effect  of  law.  Periodical  income. 
Net  income.  Gross  income.  Compensation. 
Interest.  Dividends.  Gains  and  profits.  Sales. 
Exchanges.  Income  deductions.  Depletion. 
Depreciation.  Net  income  of  corporations. 
Net  income  of  persons.  Exempt  corpora- 
tions. Accumulated  profits.  Foreign  govern- 
ments. States. 

Tax — Individual  normal  tax.  Credits  and  ex- 
emptions. Surtax.  Corporation  income  tax. 


Excess  profits  tax.  Special  cases.  Invested 
capital.  Stock  paid  in.  Surplus  and  undi- 
vided profits.  Consolidations  and  affiliations. 
Individual  returns.  Fiduciaries.  Corporation 
returns.  Partnership  returns.  Filing.  Pay- 
ments. Claims.  Formal  procedure.  War 
profits  tax.  Inventory  losses.  Rebate  losses. 
Capital  stock  tax. 

Practical  Discussion — Functions  of  tax  prac- 
titioners. Handling  doubtful  matters.  Anal- 
ysis of  returns.  Accounting  for  tax  purposes. 


NOTE — As  the  law  is  amended  the  student  will  be  posted  on  all  changes. 


Finds  the  Cooperation  of  Y.M.C.A.  Instructors  a Real  Help 

As  a student  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  I wish  to  say  that  the  Correspondence 
Instruction  that  I have  received  from  your  course  has  helped  me  more  than  any  of  the  three 
other  correspondence  courses  I have  taken.  The  system  expressed  every  detail  necessary, 
also  when  any  additional  information  is  required,  your  service  is  very  efficient. 

I feel  justified  in  recommending  any  of  the  courses,  as  I am  sure,  if  the  instructions  are 
followed  carefully,  other  students  will  benefit  from  your  courses  as  I have. 

—CHARLES  A.  WATKINS,  28  Temple  Street,  Nashua,  N.  H. 


7 Will  Study  and  Get  Ready  and  Maybe  My  Chance  Will  Come.” — Lincoln 


18 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Auditing 

(Co-20x) 

The  auditor  is  a specialist.  He  occupies  a dignified,  responsible  and  well 
paid  position,  one  to  which  the  bookkeeper  or  the  accountant  may  aspire. 

The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  offer  in  this  course  practical  instruction  in 
auditing  theory  and  practice.  It  deals  thoroughly  with  the  responsibilities, 
duties,  and  procedure  of  the  auditor. 

The  textbook  used  is  the  standard  American  work  on  the  subject,  and  the 
course  is  modern  in  every  way. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


AUDITING  (Co-6) — Purposes  and  Advantages 
of  an  Audit — Detection  of  fraud.  Detection 
of  errors.  Conditions  of  affairs.  Procedure 
followed  in  an  audit. 

Balance  Sheet  Audit — Current  assets.  Cash. 
Accounts  receivable.  Notes  receivable.  In- 
ventdries.  Fixed  assets.  Wasting  assets. 
Contingent  assels.  Liabilities.  Contingent 
liabilities.  Partnerships.  Capital  and  sur- 
plus. 

Profit  and  Loss  Account — Definitions  of  profits. 
Gross  earnings.  Net  earnings.  Profit  on 
sales  of  assets.  Expenses  and  losses.  De- 
preciation, Discounts.  Disposition  of  profit. 
Principal  and  income. 

Certificates  and  Reports — Scope  of  report. 
Form  of  balance  sheet.  Standard  form  of 
borrower’s  statement.  Statement  of  finan- 
cial condition.  Profit  and  loss  statement. 


Detailed  Audit — General  principles.  Audit  of 
income  and  expenses.  Verification  of  in- 
come. Purchases  and  expenses.  Trial  bal- 
ance. Asset  and  liability  items.  Office 
methods. 

Investigations — Scope  of  work.  On  sale  or 
purchase  of  a business.  Analysis  of  earnings 
and  expenses.  System  of  accounts.  Elimina- 
tion of  unusual  terms.  Investigation  for 
creditors,  etc. 

Holding  Companies — Form  of  balance  sheet. 
Accounts  receivable.  Profit  and  loss  account. 
Comparative  statements. 

Interest — Principle.  Rate  of  interest.  Custom 
among  stock  brokers  ; business  houses.  Cus- 
tom in  banks  and  trust  companies.  Treasury 
departmeht  of  United  States.  Unit  period. 


Complete  Commercial 

(Ck>-lx) 

In  a great  many  small  business  offices  there  is  need  for  young  men  with 
a well-rounded  commercial  education — the  ability  to  keep  books,  to  perform  the 
duties  of  stenographer,  or  to  fill  the  responsible  position  of  private  secretarj’. 
Such  positions  bring  to  a young  man  a broader  knowledge  of  the  business  as  a 
v’hole  than  that  gained  by  one  who  is  merely  a bookkeeper,  a stenographer  or 
a clerk. 

The  applicant  who  possesses  the  various  qualifications  has  more  opportu- 
nities open  to  him  and  can  make  a better  selection.  Furthermore,  if  his  aim 
eventually  is  to  go  into  business  for  himself,  he  needs  the  comprehensive 
training  afforded  by  a practical  general  commercial  course.  Such  a course 
includes  all  the  fundamentals  of  a good  business  education.  It  gives  a young 
man  the  equipment  he  needs  whether  he  enters  the  employ  of  the  manufacturer, 
wholesaler,  retailer,  or  some  special  field  such  as  finance,  real  estate  or 
insurance. 

The  United  “Y”  Complete  Commercial  Course  is  a combination  of  Business 
Arithmetic,  Bookkeeping  and  the  Secretarial  Courses,  plus  the  final  training 
in  Business  English  and  Correspondence.  The  ambitious  young  man,  attracted 
by  the  business  field,  will  do  well  to  select  this  course. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

mental  operations.  Percentage,  interest, 
banking,  dividends  and  investments,  as  em- 
ployed in  business  organizations  large  and 
small. 

PEN'MAN'SHIP  (Co-12) — Muscular  movement 
writing  for  business  or  social  use.  The  es- 
sential training  for  developing  character  in 
handwriting. 

TYPEWRITING  (Co-13)— Mastery  of  the  key- 
boards. Typewriting  technique.  Accuracy 
drills.  Speed  drills.  Business  correspond- 


BOOKKEEPING  (Co-10) — Single  entry.  Dou- 
ble entry.  Types  of  accounts.  Posting  books 
of  original  entry.  Closing  the  ledger.  Out- 
line of  accounts  used  in  partnership.  Ac- 
cruals and  deferred  items.  Manner  of  cor- 
poration organization.  Types  of  accounts. 
Exhibits  and  schedules.  Corporation  book- 
keeping and  accounting.  Advantages  of  cost 
system.  Important  features  of  cost  system. 
Trial  balance.  Books  of  account.  Interest. 
Consignments. 

BUSINESS  ARITHMETIC  (Co-11)— Funda- 


Look  Ahead — Your  Employer  Demands  It 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


19 


ence.  Tabulating  and  billing.  Legal  manu- 
scripts. Business  papers. 

BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE (Co-15) — Parts  of  speech.  Word  study. 
Common  errors.  Modifications  of  parts  of 
speech.  Analysis  and  classification  of  sen- 
tences. Punctuation.  Capitalization.  Corre- 
spondence. Composition  of  business  letter. 
How  to  construct  effective  sentences.  Brev- 
ity and  clearness.  Completeness.  Letter  of 
application.  Letters  of  inquiry.  Collection 
letters.  Form  letters.  Telegrams  and  cable- 
grams. 

When  the  character  of  the  stude7it's  work  to 
this  point  justifies  a more  advanced  subject, 
Business  English  and  Corrcspondctice  (Co-9) 
will  be  substituted  for  Business  English  and 
Correspondence  (Co-15). 

♦GREGG  SHORTHAND  (Co-14)— A light-line 
system.  No  shading.  No  dots,  dashes  or 


position  writing.  Practice  in  accuracy. 
Practice  in  speed. 

♦ISAAC  PITMAN  SHORTHAND  (Go-19)  — 
The  original  system  of  phonography.  Prac- 
tice in  speed.  Practice  in  accuracy.  Build- 
ing up  a complete  vocabulary. 

♦GRAHAM  SHORTHAND  (Co-18)— Building 
up  a complete  working  knowledge  of  the 
system.  Practice  in  accuracy.  Practice  in 
speed. 

BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Formation  of  con- 
tracts. Competent  parties.  Operation  and 
discharge  of  contracts.  Discharge  in  bank- 
ruptcy. Contracts  concerning  goods.  Sales 
of  goods.  Duties  of  seller.  Duties  of  buyer. 
Bailment  of  goods.  Contracts  concerning 
credits.  Negotiable  instruments.  Conduct  of 
business  through  representatives.  Property 
in  land  and  movables.  Real  property.  Per- 
sonal property. 


*Only  one  of  these  subjects  will  be  supplied.  Unless  the  student  specifies  otherwise,^  Gregg  Short- 
hand will  be  sent. 


Bookkeeping  and  Business 

(Co-18x) 

The  close  affiliation  of  business  concerns  over  the  country  has  brought 
about  considerable  standardization  of  business  methods.  The  time  when  a man 
must  start  as  an  office  boy  and  work  up  through  every  job  is  fading  into  the 
past.  Today  all  modem  business  methods  can  be  taught  clearly  and  thor- 
oughly— so  thoroughly  that  when  a course  such  as  this  Bookkeeping  and 
Business  Course  has  been  completed,  the  student  is  capable  of  handling  suc- 
cessfully almost  any  business  office  work  that  may  arise. 

The  demand  for  men  with  a good  general  knowledge  of  business  methods 
is  far  greater  than  the  inadequate  supply;  men  with  a good  business  training 
are  only  too  few.  The  calls  for  the  man  educated  in  the  fundamentals  of  busi- 
ness are  unlimited;  he  is  \vanted  by  the  retailer,  the  jobber,  the  manufacturer. 
He  commands  a salary  of  $2,500  or  more,  according  to  his  experience  and  ability. 

This  course  teaches  bookkeeping  and  takes  the  student  into  the  field  of 
business  practice,  explaining  the  methods  followed  by  the  modem  business  con- 
cerns and  leading  accountants  so  thoroughly  that  he  will  acquire  an  accurate 
practical  knowledge  of  business  and  its  fundamental  laws. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BOOKKEEPING  (Co-l§) — Single  entry.  Dou- 
ble entry.  Types  of  accounts.  Posting.  Re- 
cording in  journal.  Types  of  journals.  Out- 
line of  accounts  used  in  partnership.  Ac- 
cruals and  deferred  items.  Manner  of  cor- 
poration organization.  Exhibits  and  sched- 
ules. Corporation  bookkeeping  and  account- 
ing. Advantages  of  cost  system.  Important 
features  of  cost  systems.  Books  of  account. 

BUSINESS  ARITHMETIC  (Co-11)— Funda- 
mental operations.  Percentage,  interest, 
banking,  dividends  and  investments  as  em- 
ployed in  business  organizations  large  and 
small. 

PENMANSHIP  (Co-12) — Muscular  movement 


writing  for  business  or  social  use.  The  es- 
sential training  for  developing  character  in 
hand  writing. 

BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Principles  of  con- 
tracts. Competent  parties.  Operation  and 
discharge  of  contracts.  (Contracts  concern- 
ing goods.  Sales  of  goods.  Duties  of  seller. 
Duties  of  buyer.  Bailment  of  goods.  Insur- 
ance contracts.  Contracts  concerning  cred- 
its. Negotiable  instruments.  Form.  Conduct 
of  business  through  representatives.  Princi- 
ple and  agent.  Master  and  servant.  Part- 
nerships. Joint  stock  companies.  Definition 
and  classification  of  corporations.  Real  pro- 
erty.  Personal  property. 


Printer-Editor  from  Grove  City,  Pa.,  Endorses  Bookkeeping  and  Business  Course 

I have  been  compelled  to  change  my  father’s  book  system  from  the  single  to  the  double  entry, 
a feat  that  would  be  well  nigh  impossible  even  with  the  help  of  a good  stenographer  were 
it  not  for  my  “Y”  course.  Thanking  you  for  your  unselfish  interest  in  me  and  promising  to 
send  along  my  first  lesson  soon,  I beg  to  remain. 

Gratefully  yours, 

(Signed)  J.  B.  ROBINSON.  Jr. 


Determination  Will  Achieve  Your  Desire 


20 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Bookkeeping 

(Co-llx) 

Financial  statements  are  an  important  source  of  information  to  the  busi- 
ness executive.  The  job  of  building  up  and  keeping  up-to-date  the  financial 
transactions  of  a business  concern  falls  on  the  shoulders  of  the  bookkeeper. 
He  is  in  a position  to  know  the  inner  workings  of  the  business.  This  gives  him 
an  advantage  over  his  fellow-workers  in  the  race  for  success  which  is  limited 
only  by  his  own  capabilities.  Tlie  demand  for  expert  bookkeepers  is  ever  in- 
creasing. Every  line'  of  business  requires  such  service. 

Many  thousands  of  business  men  who  have  become  managers  or  super- 
intendents, or  have  qualified  for  other  responsible  executive  positions,  started 
their  careers  as  bookkeepers. 

The  student  who  finishes  this  course  is  fully  prepared  to  execute  efficiently 
the  duties  of  a bookkeeper  in  any  branch  of  business. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BOOKKEEPING  (Co-10)-  Bookkeeping  and 
Accounting  -Single  entry.  Double  entry. 
Accounts.  Cash  accounts.  Personal  accounts. 
Accounts  with  customers.  Accounts  with 
creditors.  Merchandise  accounts.  Inventory 
account.  Sales  account.  Expense  account. 
Profit  and  Loss  account.  Recording  sales 
and  transactions.  Posting.  Recording  in 
journal.  Recording  in  sales,  purchases  and 
cash  books.  Statement  of  business.  Closing 
the  ledger. 

Partnership — Outline  of  accounts  used  in  part- 
nership. Office  accounts.  Accounts  with 


merchandise.  Purchases  accounts.  Accruals 
and  deferred  items.  Accrued  liabilities  ac- 
count. Trial  balance. 

Corporation — Manner  of  organization.  Type  of 
accounts.  Purchases  of  trade  acceptance. 
Exhibits  and  Schedules.  Corporation  book- 
keeping and  accounting. 

Cost  Accounting — Advantages  of  cost  system. 
Important  features  of  cost  systems.  Process 
method.  Machine  hour  rate.  Machinery  and 
equipment  account.  Reserve  for  deprecia- 
tion. Types  of  accounts.  Books  of  account. 


Business  Arithmetic 

(Co-2x) 

To  be  successful  in  business  one  must  know  how  to  figure  transactions 
correctly.  “Couldn’t  figure  straight”  is  said  of  many  men  who  fail.  The  object 
of  this  course  is  to  give  the  student  the  essential  knowledge  he  will  require 
whether  he  works  as  a salesman,  an  office  man,  or  in  some  other  capacity. 
Tlie  lessons  deal  with  the  work  of  private  accounts,  private  business,  corpora- 
tions, and  banks. 

The  business  man  or  student  studying  this  course  will  acquire  a practical 
knowledge  of  the  fundamental  arithmetical  principles  governing  every  busi- 
ness transaction. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  ARITHMETIC  (Co-11)— Funda- 
mentals  —United  States  money.  Simple  prob- 
lems in  accounting.  Fractions.  Decimals. 
Various  problems  involving  measurements. 
Percentage  and  its  application  to  business. 

Partnerships-  Arithmetical  calculations  and 
simple  problems  in  bookkeeping  involved  in 
joint  ownership. 


Banking-Interest.  Bank  discount.  Partial 
payments.  Bankers’  daily  balances.  Savings 
bank  accounts.  Exchange. 

Business — Bills  and  accounts.  Cash  balance. 
Equation  of  accounts.  Dividends  and  in- 
vestments. Brokerage.  Insurance.  Taxes. 
Customs  duties.  Trade  acceptance. 


Business  Law 

(Co-lOx) 

Every  executive,  accountant  or  bookkeeper  must  have  a good,  practical 
knowledge  of  commercial  law  in  order  to  carry  out  efficiently  the  duties  of 
the  position.  And  such  knowledge  is  almost  as  important  to  the  stenog- 
rapher, private  secretary  or  clerk,  for  almost  every  day  these  men  deal  with 
some  matter  that  involves  a principle  of  business  law.  A young  man  should 
be  proud  to  handle  such  transactions  wisely. 

All  of  the  principal  divisions  of  Business  Law  are  gone  into  thoroughly 
and  clearly,  giving  the  student  a sure,  practical  knowledge  of  the  subject. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


21 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Formation  of  con- 
tracts. Agreement.  Competent  parties.  Op- 
eration and  discharge  of  contracts.  Assign- 
ment of  contracts.  Discharge  in  bankruptcy. 

Particular  Contracts  Concerning  Goods — Sales 
of  goods.  Duties  of  seller.  Duties  of  buyer. 
Bailment  of  goods.  Common  carriers  of 
goods.  Insurance  contracts. 

Particular  Contracts  Concerning  Credits — 
Credits  and  loans.  Contract  of  guaranty. 
Kinds  of  negotiable  instruments.  Maker’s 
and  acceptor’s  contract.  Drawer’s  and  in- 
dorser’s contract. 

Conduct  of  Business  Through  Representative — 


Principal  and  agent.  Obligations  of  princi- 
pal and  agent  to  each  other.  Liability  of 
principal  and  agent  to  third  parties.  Master 
and  servant. 

Business  Associations — Forms  of  conducting 
business.  Partnerships.  Joint  stock  compa- 
nies. Corporations.  Definitions  and  classifi- 
cation. Organization  and  powers.  Rights 
and  liabilities  of  stockholders. 

Property  in  Land  and  Movables. — Estates  in 
real  property.  Land.  Relative  rights  of  ad- 
joining owners.  Mortgages  and  liens.  Land- 
lord and  tenant.  Personal  property.  Kinds 
of  estates.  Acquisition  and  transfer. 


Secretarial 

(Co-22x) 

This  course  is  planned  to  prepare  the  student  for  a responsible  and  lucra- 
tive position  as  stenographer  or  private  secretary.  Business  executives  place 
great  trust  and  confidence  in  their ‘secretaries  who  daily  come  in  contact  with 
important  and  confidential  matters  that  relate  directly  to  the  .operation  of  the 
business.  If  the  secretary  justifies  this  trust  he  is  well  on  his  way  to  the  top. 

Good  secretaries  are  so  scarce  that  every  day  in  every  section  of  the 
country  there  are  calls  for  men  with  thorough  secretarial  training,  and  the 
salaries  are  commensurate  with  the  responsibility  attached  to  the  work. 

The  success  of  this  course  is  shown  by  the  number  of  men  who  have 
advanced  to  better  positions  after  studying  this  subject  under  Y.M.C.A.  in- 
struction. 


Every  phase  of  secretarial  work  is  taught  in  a result-getting  manner, 
thoroughly  preparing  you  to  perform  all  the  duties  of  a secretary  with  the 
ability  that  would  take  years  of  experience  to  acquire  without  this  training. 

, Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


’‘GREGG  SHORTHAND  (Co-14)— A light-line 
system.  No  shading.  No  dots,  dashes  or  po- 
sition writing.  Practice  in  accuracy.  Prac- 
tice in  speed. 

’‘ISAAC  PITMAN  SHORTHAND  (Co-19)— 
The  original  system  of  phonography.  Prac- 
tice in  speed.  Practice  in  accuracy.  Build- 
ing up  a complete  vocabulary. 

'‘GRAHAM  SHORTHAND  (Co-18)— Building 
up  a complete  working  knowledge  of  the 
system.  Practice  in  accuracy.  Practice  in 
speed. 

TYPEWRITING  (Co-13)— Mastery  of  the  key- 
board. Typewriting  technique.  Accuracy 
drills.  Speed  drills.  Correspondence. 

At  the  time  he  enrolls,  the  student  should 
specify  what  make  of  typewriter  he  intends 
to  use. 

BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE (Co-15) — Word  study.  Substance  and 
style  of  business  English.  Clearness  and 
correctness  in  sentence  structure.  Force  in 


sentence  structure.  Mechanical  make-up  of 
letter.  Types  of  business  letter.  Telegrams. 
Cablegrams. 

When  the  character  of  the  student’s  work 
to  this  point  justifies  a more  advanced  sub- 
ject, Bttsiness  English  and  Correspondence 
(Co-9)  tvUl  be  substituted  for  Business  Eng- 
lish and  Correspondence  (Co-lS). 

PENMANSHIP  (Co-12) — Correct  positions  in 
writing.  Definition  of.  movement.  Rapid, 
plain,  coarse-pen,  muscular-movement  writ- 
ing for  business  or  social  use. 

BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1)— Principles  of  con- 
tract. Operation  and  discharge  of  contracts. 
Contracts  concerning  goods.  Bailment  of 
goods.  Contracts  concerning  credits.  Con- 
duct of  business  through  representatives. 
Partnerships.  Corporations.  Real  property. 
Personal  property. 


*Only  one  of  these  subjects  will  be  supplied.  Unless  student  specifics  otherwise,  Gregg  Shorthand 
will  be  sent. 


Accountancy  Course  the  Aerie  of  Accomplishment 

The  course  in  Accountancy  for  which  I am  enrolled  has  proven  intensely  interesting  and  the 
celerity  and  precision  with  which  each  successive  step  has  been  presented  is  surely  the  acme 
of  accomplishment  in  so  far  as  correspondence  instruction  is  concerned. 

Respectfully  yours, 

REGINALD  H.  HAIGH. 

Knox,  Indiana. 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


22 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Shorthand 

Thousands  of  men  and  women  have  used  stenography  as  a stepping  stone 
to  success.  The  stenographer  absorbs  a great  amounv  of  essential  business 
inforrnation  that  he  can  capitalize  into  a bigger  job  and  increased  pay.  To  the 
ambitious,  capable  stenographer  advancement  comes  fast. 

Shorthand  may  be  mastered  readily  by  the  correspondence  method.-  This 
is  clearly  shown  by  the  records  of  successful'  students.  The  three  best  known 
systems— Isaac  Pitman,  Graham  and  Gregg — are.taught  by  the  United  Y.M.C.A. 
Schools  in  the  most  thorough,  up-to-date  manner.  The  student  may  choose  the 
style  of  shorthand  he  wishes  to  learn.  Five  or  six  months  are 'usually  required 
to  master  completely  the  principles  of  shorthand.  By  that  tinie  a student  should 
be  able  to  take  from  90  to  120  words  a minute. 


Isaac  Pitman 
Shorthand 

(CO-23.X) 

This  system  of  shorthand  is 
the  original  one  that  has  been 
in  use  a hundred  years  or 
more.  Its  extreme  thorough- 
ness makes  it  especially  good 
for  the  court  reporter  and 
others  who  do  exacting  work. 
ISAAC  PITMAN  SHORT- 
HAND (Co-19) — The  orig- 
inal system  of  phonography. 
Practice  in  speed.  Practice 
in  accuracy.  Building  up  a 
complete  vocabulary.  Speed 
Practice. 


Graham  Shorthand 

(Co-24x) 

The  Graham  system  is  a 
modification  of  the  Isaac  Pit- 
man system.  Older  principles 
have  been  made  more  simple. 
It  holds  great  popularity 
among  the  expert  writers  and 
is  endorsed  by  the  National 
Shorthand  Reporters’  Associa- 
tion. 

GRAHAM  SHORTHAND  (Co- 
18) — Building  up  a complete 
working  knowledge  of  the 
system.  Practice  in  accu- 
racy. Practice  in  speed. 


Gregg  Shorthand 

(Co-4x) 

The  Gregg  system  is  a legi- 
ble, simple  and  rapid  style  of 
shorthand.  It  is  easy  to  learn, 
easy  to  read,  easy  to  write, 
and  has  great  speed  possibili- 
ties. The  world’s  champion- 
ship for  speed  and  accuracy  is 
held  by  a Gregg  Shorthand 
writer. 

GREGG  SHORTHAND  (Co- 
14)  — A light-line  system. 
No  shading.  No  dots,  dashes, 
or  position  writing.  Prac- 
tice in  accuracy.  Practice 
in  speed 


Typewriting 

(Co-5x) 

The  earning  power  of  the  stenographer,  secretary,  correspondent,  or  office 
clerk  is  directly  affected  by  his  or  her  ability  as  a typist.  The  typewriter  is 
now  used  so  extensively  that  the  ability  to  operate  it  rapidly  and  accurately 
is  a distinct  asset. 


This  course  is  taught  in  a practical  way.  By  easy  stages  the  student  is 
trained  so  that  he  derives  the  best  and  quickest  results  from  his  practice.  The 
all-finger  touch  system  is  taught,  enabling  the  student  to  write  without  look- 
ing at  the  keyboard.  Mastery  of  all  standard  machines  is  assured. 


Topics  Covered 

TYPEWRITING  (Co-13)— Mastery  of  the  key- 
board.  Typewriting  technique.  Accuracy 
drills.  Speed  drills.  Business  correspond- 
ence. Tabulating  and  billing.  Legal  manu- 


in  This  Course: 

scripts.  Business  papers.  Speed  and  accur- 
acy tests. 

At  the  time  he  oirolls  the  student  should  specify 
what  make  of  typcivriter  he  intends  to  use» 


Business  English  and  Correspondence 

(Co-6x) 

The  ability  to  spell  correctly,  punctuate,  and  compose  well  helps  much  to 
make  business  progress  more  certain.  Thousands  of  men  who  possess  ability 
and  a knowledge  of  their  work  do  not  reach  the  peak  of  success  because  they 
lack  the  ability  to  translate  their  ideas  into  clear,  correctly  formed  sentences 
that  carry  conviction  and  sincerity.  This  course  will  help  you  to  become  pro- 
ficient in  Business  English  and  Correspondence. 


Topics  Covered  h 

BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE  (Co-15) — The  Sentence  and  Parts  of 
Speech — Definitions.  Kinds  of  sentences.  Ex- 
amples of  sentences.  Parts  of  speech.  Nouns 
defined.  Classes  of  nouns.  Errors  in  use  of 
nouns.  Pronouns  and  their  proper  use.  Verbs 


This  Course: 

— kinds  and  correct  usage.  Infinitives  and 
participles;  Misused  verbs.  Common  errors 
to  be  avoided.  Adjectives — classes.  Correct 
uses.  Common  errors.  Adverbs — classes.  Er- 
rors. Conjunctions — kinds.  Wrong  uses. 
Prepositions.  Correct  and  incorrect  uses. 


Study  Will  Bring  th-e  Success  You  Seek 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


2: 


Modifications  of  Parts  of  Speech — Of  nouns 
and  pronouns.  Number.  Rules  for  plural  of 
nouns.  Foreign  nouns.  Person  and  gender 
defined.  Ways  of  distinguishing  gender.  Case 
— definition  and  classes.  Personal  pronouns. 
Correct  forms.  Comparison  of  adjectives. 
Correct  use  of  the  adverb.  Split  infinitive. 
Verbs — voice,  mode,  tense,  person,  number. 
.Correct  uses  of  shall,  will,  should  and  would. 
Conjugation  of  verbs. 

The  Sentence — Classes  of  sentences.  Modifiers. 
Kinds  of  phrases.  Kinds  of  clauses.  Con- 
struction of  noun  classes.  Forms  of  sentences. 

Punctuation — The  period.  Correct  and  faulty 
use  of  period.  Interrogation  point.  Exclama- 
tion point.  Semicolon.  Colon.  Comma,  its 
many  uses.  The  dash.  Parentheses.  Brack- 
ets. Quotation  marks.  Rules  for  use  of  cap- 
ital letters.  • 


Applied  Business  Correspondence — Art  and 
value  of  letter  writing.  Form  and  mechan- 
ical construction.  Arranging  the  business 
letter.  Titles  of  address.  Salutation.  The 
signature.  Style  of  composition.  Words  to 
avoid.  Effective  sentences.  Making  the  open- 
ing sentence  interesting.  Avoiding  weak  end- 
ings of  letters.  Outlining  the  letter.  Brev- 
ity without  weakening  the  letter.  Making 
the  message  clear  and  direct.  The  appropri- 
ate “tone.”  Being  fair  and  courteous.  Avoid- 
ing generalities.  Definite  fact-copy.  Giving 
tlie  letter  personality. 

Kinds  of  Letters — Letters  of  application.  Of 
inquiry.  Containing  inclosures.  Ordering 
goods.  Collection  letters.  Form  letters.  Tel- 
egrams and  cablegi'ams. 


Advanced  Business  English 
and  Correspondence 

(Co-12x) 

Your  words  advertise  you.  The  power  to  express  thoughts  in  a clear,  force- 
ful manner  helps  to  advancement  and  more  pay.  Every  year  many  men  fall 
out  of  the  race  for  success;  they  have  ability  and  a knowledge  of  their  busi- 
ness, but  they  cannot  express  their  ideas;  they  lack  a good  vocabulary  and 
the  confidence  that  goes  with  it.  On  the  other  hand,  men  have  risen  to 
important  heights  in  business  almost  entirely  by  their  ability  to  present  their 
thoughts  and  other  men’s  thoughts  in  clear,  forceful  language,  yet  they  had 
no  more  brains  and  native  ability  than  their  fellows.  You  can  by  study  of  this 
course  learn  to  talk  effectively,  and  to  write  good  English. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course; 


BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE  (Co-9) — Essentials  of  Business  Eng- 
lish— Substance  and  style  of  business  Eng- 
lish. Talking  the  ‘‘business  man’s  language." 
Making  sentences  clear  by  unity  and  coher- 
ence. Correctness  in  sentence  structure.  Cor- 
rectness of  diction.  Using  the  right  word  in 
the  right  place.  Words  commonly  misused. 
Force  in  sentence  structure.  Placing  words 
to  effect  emphasis.  Emphasis  by  repetition. 
Balanced  sentences.  Force  in  diction.  Saying 
things  definitely.  Simplicity  of  expression. 
Building  the  paragraph. 

Business  Forms  and  Usages — Standard  of  busi- 
ness usage.  Correct  stationery.  Mechanical 
make-up  of  letter.  Official  and  social  forms. 
Remittances.  Telegrams  and  cablegrams. 


Business  Correspondence — Essential  qualities 
of  business  letters.  Adapting  language  to 
the  reader.  Planning  and  constructing  let- 
ters. Routine  letters.  Inquiries.  Orders. 
Claims  and  adjustments.  Collection  letters. 
Kinds  of  appeals.  Applications  and  rec- 
ommendations. 

Sales  Letters  and  Advertising — The  sales  let- 
ter. Its  functions.  Attracting  attention. 
Arousing  interest.  Creating  desire.  Influ* 
encing  action.  Appeals  to  various  classes. 
Letters  to  dealers.  To  business  men  as  con- 
sumers. To  professional  men.  To  farmers. 
To  women.  Follow-up  letters.  Advertising 
copy.  Reports.  Business  narrative.  Han- 
dling correspondence.  Filing.  Legal  points. 


Penmanship 

(Co-3x) 

In  business  and  in  social  life  the  neat,  clean-cut  man  is  always  the  winner. 
Good  penmanship  contributes  to  this  qualification.  Many  young  men  of  real 
ability  lose  good  opportunities  because  they  write  in  a scratchy,  scrawly  manner 
that  advertises  them  as  bunglers.  This  course  will  positively  make  good  pen- 
men of  all  who  faithfully  follow  the  instruction  for  a short  time. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

PENMANSHIP  (Co-12) — Correct  posture.  Re-  Form  building.  Practice  and  drills  for  per- 

laxing  exercises.  Movement  practice.  Pen-  fecting  writing.  How  to  write  swiftly  with- 

holding. How  to  develop  muscular  movement.  out  gripping  the  pen  or  tiring  the  fingers. 


Let  Your  Knowledge  be  Your  Guide 


24 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Banking 

(Co-17x) 

Today  the  banking  field  is  very  attractive,  for  almost  every  town  and 
village  has  its  bank,  and  larger  cities  have  a score  or  more.  The  splendid 
dividend  showing  made  by  bank  stocks  generally,  indicates  clearly  the  profits 
rnade  by  a well-conducted  bank.  Banks  furnish  many  well-paid  pleasant  po- 
sitions that  give  a young  man  prominence  and  respect. 

From  this  course  the  student  acquires  a comprehensive  knowledge  of 
the  most  modem  banking  methods.  Bank  bookkeeping,  the  close  relation- 
ship of  banking  to  the  economic  world,  and  banking  administration  are  gone 
into  thoroughly. 

The  course  prepares  a student  for  entering  the  employ  of  a bank,  and 
gives  him  valuable  knowledge  of  the  jobs  higher  up.  It  is  also  a course  well 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  bank  clerk  w'ho  is  working  for  advancement. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BANKING  (Co-17) — Banks  and  Their  Organi- 
zation— Methods  of  incorporation  and  organ- 
ization. Classes  of  banks.  Trust  companies. 
Model  by-laws.  Bank  managers.  Officers  of 
bank.  Problems  of  bank  management.  Le- 
gal problems  in  bank  management.  The 
loaning  function. 

Business  of  a Bank — Receiving  function.  Re- 
ceiving teller’s  work.  Mail  teller’s  work. 
Paying  teller’s  work.  Clearing.  Transfer- 
ring money.  Operations  of  transit  depart- 
ment. Duties  of  collection  department. 

Internal  Organization  World  exchange.  Meth- 
ods of  handling  foreign  exchange.  Accumu- 
lating exchange.  Selling  exchange.  Extend- 
ing credit.  Loans  and  discounts.  Banks  as 
fiduciary  agents.  The  bank  as  personal  or 
business  representative.  Advisory  functions. 


Bank  Accounting — Keeping  individual  ledgers. 
Essential  books  for  bank  accounting.  Func- 
tions of  general  ledger.  Forms  of  accounts. 
Nature  of  bank  audits.  Forms  of  examina- 
tions. 

Banking  Law-Kinds  of  negotiable  instru- 
ments. What  a negotiable  instrument  must 
contain.  Maker’s  and  acceptor’s  contract. 
Drawer’s  and  indorser’s  contract.  Credits 
and  loans.  Banks  and  banking.  Bankruptcy. 

Economics  of  Banking — Wealth.  Primary  fac- 
tors of  production.  Capital.  Productive  in- 
dustries. Money.  Banking.  Economic  cri- 
sis. Distribution  of  wealth.  Consumption 
of  wealth.  Taxation. 


Credits  and  Collections 

(Co-38x) 

How  to  collect  outstanding  debts,  to  know  when,  and  when  not,  to  give 
credit  to  a customer — are  three  of  the  most  important  features  in  the  success- 
ful operation  of  business.  The  man  who  knows  these  essentials  in  business 
saves  his  firm  money  and  worry.  His  salary  as  credit  manager  is  large  and 
the  work  puts  him  in  line  for  positions  higher  up. 

To  the  bookkeeper,  the  business  executive,  or  any  other  man  whose  activi- 
ties are  confined  to  the  field  of  commerce,  the  knowledge  of  Credits  and  Col- 
lections is  a valuable  asset. 


Topics  Covered 

CREDITS  AND  COLLECTIONS  (Co-27)  — 
Collections  in  the  Marketing  Plan — Principle 
of  resale.  Selling  and  reselling  credit.  In- 
formation from  customer.  Credit  statement. 
Constructive  service.  Co-operation  with  the 
sales  department.  Effective  appeals. 


in  This  Course: 

Collection  Procedure — Early  stages.  Discus- 
sion. Urgent.  Ultimatum.  Wholesale  house. 
Form  letters.  Trade  acceptances. 

System  for  a Collection  Department — Collect- 
ing mail-order  accounts.  Instalment  collec- 
tions. Retail  credits.  Department  store  col- 
lections. Collection  of  professional  accounts. 


Insurance 

(Co-41x) 

The  field  of  insurance  offers  many  inducements  for  the  young  man  who 
qualifies  for  this  important  work.  The  business  of  insurance  has  made  phe- 
nomenal strides  in  the  last  twenty-five  years,  and  it  is  bound  to  grow  far 
beyond  its  present  proportions.  Among  the  factors  tending  to  promote  such 
growth  are  the  realization  of  the  uncertainties  of  fortune,  unsatisfactory  results 
with  the  pension  system,  and  the  menace  of  industrial  depression. 

The  subject  of  insurance  is  taught  thoroughly  and  practically,  as  only  the 
most  modern  methods  of  instruction  are  used. 


The  Most  Seivice  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


25 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


PROPERTY  INSURANCE  (Co-29)— Function 
of  insurance  and  the  nature  of  the  insurance 
contract.  Legal  features  of  insurance,  in- 
cluding the  mortgage  clause.  Insurance  or- 
ganizations. Law  of  agency.  Nature  of  fire 
risk  and  special  stipulations  in  the  policy. 
Settlement  of  losses.  Insurance  reserves.  Co- 
insurance.  Rating  and  reinsurance.  Fire  pre- 
vention. State  regulations.  Marine  insurance. 
Types  of  organization  and  risks.  Marine 
losses.  Special  provision  in  the  policy.  Bond- 
ing, title  and  credit  insurance.  Minor  insur- 


ance. Automobile  insurance.  Examination  of 
property  insurance. 

LIFE  INSURANCE  (Co-26) — Nature  and  uses 
of  life  insurance.  Classification  of  policies. 
Risks  and  rates.  Mathematics  of  life  insur- 
ance. Financial  plans  of  life  insurance. 
Special  forms  of  life  insurance.  Organiza- 
tion, management  and  statutory  regulations. 
Legal  phases  in  life  insurance.  Accident 
and  health  insurance.  Liability  insurance. 
Workman’s  compensation  insurance. 


Life  Insurance 

(Co-39x) 

Every  man  and  woman  in  this  country  is  a potential  prospect  for  the  life 
insurance  agent.  A man  with  dependents  is  morally  compelled  to  take  out 
life  insurance  in  order  to  guard  against  all  possible  danger  or  misfortune  to 
his  family  after  his  death.  The  inheritance  tax  levied  by  the  government  on 
large  fortunes  has  caused  people  of  wealth  to  take  out  insurance  that  will 
pay  this  tax. 

The  income  of  the  insurance  agent  depends  entirely  upon  his  ability  and 
industry.  Some  insurance  men  have  incomes  that  average  above  $50,000  a year, 
while  those  with  incomes  of  $10,000,  or  more,  are  numbered  in  the  thousands. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

LIFE  INSURANCE  (Co-26) — Nature  and  use  tion,  management  and  statutory  regulations, 

of  life  insurance.  Classification  of  policies.  Legal  phases  of  life  insurance.  Accident  and 

Risks  and  rates.  Mathematics  of  life  insur-  health  insurance.  Liability  insurance.  Work- 

ance.  Financial  plans  of  life  insurance.  man’s  compensation  insurance. 

Special  forms  of  life  insurance.  Organiza- 


Property  Insurance 

(Co-40x) 

One  of  the  best  paying  insurance  specialties  is  that  of  insuring  property. 
The  owner  of  an  automobile,  a house,  or  other  personal  or  real  property 
should  insure  his  possessions  against  possible  loss.  The  man  entering  this  field 
should  have  a fair  education  and  some  knowledge  of  the  field  in  which  he 
wishes  to  specialize. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


PROPERTY  INSURANCE  (Co-29)— Functions 
of  insui’ance  and  the  nature  of  the  insur- 
ance contract.  Legal  features  of  insurance 
including  the  mortgage  clause.  Insurance 
organizations  and  the  laws  of  agency.  Na- 
ture of  fire  risk.  Special  stipulations  in  the 
policy.  Settlement  of  losses.  Insurance  re- 


serves. Co-insurance.  Rating.  Reinsurance. 
Fire  prevention.  State  regulations.  Marine 
insurance.  Types  of  organization  and  risks. 
Marine  losses.  Bonding,  title  and  credit 
insurance.  Minor  insurance.  Automobile  in- 
surance. 


Civil  Service 


Every  man  is  out  to  earn  a good  living.  He  desires  steady  employment, 
good  working  conditions  and  opportunity  for  advancement  that  means  an  in- 
crease in  pay.  He  will  find  these  in  the  Civil  Service  of  Uncle  Sam. 

Good  salaries,  short  working  hours,  a vacation  every  year  with  pay,  and 
should  it  be  necessary,  sick  leave  with  full  pay,  make  an  appointment  to  a posi- 
tion with  the  United  States  Government  well  worth  the  effort  to  secure. 

Each  year  thousands  of  the  better  government  positions  are  filled  by 
applicants  who  successfully  pass  the  first,  second  or  third  grade  Civil  Service 
examinations. 

If  you  find  that  the  government  position  you  desire  necessitates  the  pass- 
ing of  one  of  these  three  Civil  Service  examinations,  you  can  study  the  re- 
quired subjects  by  correspondence  under  Y.M.C.A.  instruction.  Past  experience 
has  proved  the  great  value  of  this  instruction  in  getting  the  best  results  in 
the  shortest  period  of  study. 


By  Comparison  “Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


26 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Civil  Service  Courses: 


Civil  Service — First  Grade  (Co-35x) 
Civil  Service — Second  Grade  (Co-36x) 
Civil  Service — Third  Grade  (Co-37x) 
Post  Office  Clerk,  or  Carrier — (Co-25x) 
Post  Office  Inspector — (Co-26x) 

Customs  Service — (Co-29x) 


Stenographer  and  Typist — (Co-30x) 
Stenographer — (Co-33x) 

Typist — (Co-32x) 

Bookkeeper — ( Co-34x ) 

Railway  Mail  Service — (Co-28x) 
Marine  Inspection  Service — (Co-27x) 


TEXT  BOOKS  AND  SUPPLIES 
Furnished  Without  Extra  Charge  for  Students  of  AceounUncy 

Without  additional  expense  the  students  in  nearly  all  courses  are  furnished  with  all  the 
textbooks  and  supplies,  which  may  be  called  their  working  tools.  This  is  a 
distinctive  *‘Y”  service  that  means  a great  saving  to  every  student. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


27 


ADMINISTRATION 


Business  Administraticii 

(Co-15x) 

The  thousands  of  concerns  that  go  into  bankruptcy  j ?arly,  with  liabilities 
running  up  into  big  figures,  can,  in  a large  proportion  of  c;  ses,  place  their  fail- 
ures at  the  door  of  faulty  management.  Statistics  show  th  s to  be  true.  Every 
man  that  expects  to  confine  his  life  work  to  the  field  of  commerce  needs  a 
knowledge  of  Business  Administration.  He  is  much  hampt  ed  if  he  lacks  it. 

The  man  at  the  top,  with  such  knowledge,  follows  closely  the  administra- 
tion of  his  business,  sees  the  faults  and  can  corre.''t  th'  ni.  The  man  at  the 
bottom,  looking  at  the  job  ahead,  will  be  able  to  start  his  climb  only  when  he 
comprehends  the  “ins  and  outs”  of  business  organization. 

The  field  for  men  who  are  expert  in  business  management  and  finance  is 
the  entire  commercial  world.  The  thousands  of  concerns  that  monthly  come 
into  being  offer  ample  opportunity  for  the  organizer.  The  pay  of  a man  in  this 
work  varies  greatly  with  his  ability.  Many  business  administrators  draw 
salaries  away  up  in  the  thousands. 

This  course  teaches  the  subjects  of  Business  Administration  in  a thor- 
oughly practical  manner.  Forms  and  illustrations  drawn  from  large  business 
organizations  give  the  student  a valuable  knowledge  of  the  operations  in  the 
most  successful  business  houses. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


OFFICE  MANAGEMENT  (Co-7)— Principles 
of  Office  Administration — Field  of  office 
manager.  Office  function.  Making  of  office 
manager.  Development  of  modern  office. 
Departmental  and  unit  methods  of  organi- 
zation. Analysis  of  functions  and  duties. 

Location,  Layout,  Equipment — Selection  of  an 
office.  Leasing  an  office.  Layout  and  flow 
of  work.  Factors  of  time  and  space  in  judg- 
ing efficiency.  Routing  and  scheduling.  La- 
bor saving  devices  in  office.  Effect  of  new 
methods.  Rapidity  of  production.  Desk  and 
dispatch  of  work.  Planning  a big  sales 
campaign. 

Methodizing  the  Means  of  Communication — 
Handling  office  mail.  Importance  of  mail 
department.  Labor  saving  devices.  Organ- 
ization of  messenger  service.  Need  of  mes- 
senger service.  Routing  and  filling  orders. 
Filing.  Work  of  filing  department.  Filing 
systems.  Filing  standardization  and  central- 
ization. 

Control  of  Correspondence  and  Related  Activi- 
ties— Stenographic  department.  Equipment. 
Organization.  Standardization  of  steno- 
grahic  work.  Measurement  of  stenographic 
output.  Methods  of  controlling  output.  Han- 
dling office  detail. 

Work  of  Business  Departments — Purchases  and 
stores.  Work  of  traffic  department.  Han- 
dling credits,  collections,  complaints.  Sphere 
of  sales  management.  Relation  of  sales  to 
advertising  and  promotion  work.  Methods 
of  marketing.  Home  office  control  of  sales. 
Reward  and  training  of  salesmen.  Work  of 
sales  promotion  department.  Work  of  ad- 
vertising department.  Organization  of  ac- 
counting department.  Control  of  accounting 
activities. 

Training  and  Development  of  Office  Workers 
— Selection.  Training  and  education  of  right 
employees.  Organization  of  office  training 
school.  Outlining  course  of  study.  Lan- 
guage of  business  writing.  Speech.  System 


of  training.  Language  of  executive.  Art  of 
expression.  Dictating  conversation. 

Organization  and  Management — Building  and 
equipment  of  factory.  Importance  of  selec- 
tion of  building  site.  Accessibility.  Avail- 
able labor  supply.  Wholesale  and  retail  lo- 
cations. Problems  of  management.  The  line 
organization.  Duties  of  foreman.  Motion 
study.  Human  factor.  Wage  question.  Stand- 
ardized conditions.  Relation  of  workman  to 
employer. 

BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE (Co-9) — Parts  of  speech.  Punctua- 
tion. Style  of  business  English.  Correctness 
and  force  in  sentence  structure.  Correct- 
ness and  force  in  dictation.  Business 
forms  and  usages.  Mechanical  make-up  of 
letter.  Official  and  social  forms.  Essential 
qualities  of  business  letter.  Construction  of 
letter.  Routine  letters.  Claims  and  adjust- 
ment letters.  Collection  letters.  Sales  let- 
ters. Follow-up  letters.  Advertising  copy. 
Business  narrative.  Filing  systems. 

BUSINESS  FINANCE  (Co-9)— Principles  of 
financing.  Enterprises.  Owned  capital.  Bor- 
rowed capital.  Basis  of  capitalization.  Sources 
of  capital  funds.  Investment  of  capital  funds. 
Determination  of  net  income.  Internal  fi- 
nancial management.  Exploitation  by  offi- 
cars.  Exploitation  by  directors  and  share- 
holders. Insolvency.  Receivership.  Reor- 
ganization. 

BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1)— Definition  of  con- 
tract. Essentials  of  enforceable  contract. 
Classes  of  agreements.  Competent  parties. 
Contracts  under  seal.  Operation  and  dis- 
charge of  contracts.  Contracts  concerning 
sale  of  goods.  Bailment  of  goods.  Insurance 
contracts.  Contracts  concerning  credits.  Ne- 
.gotiable  instruments.  Conduct  of  business 
through  representatives.  Business  associa- 
tions. Partnerships.  Joint  stock  companies. 
Corporations.  Property  in  land  and  mova- 
bles. Personal  property. 


Learn  More  Today  and  You'll  Earn  More  Tomorrow 


28 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


BUSINESS  ECONOMICS  (Co-5)— Underlying 
conditions  of  national  prosperity.  Primary 
factors  of  production,  labor,  power,  land, 
capital.  Productive  industries.  First  law  of 
the  market.  Relation  of  utility  to  value. 
Banking.  Marketing.  “Free-trade.”  “Protec- 
tionism.” Distribution  of  wealth.  Wages. 
Labor  organization.  Rent  of  land.  Source 
of  interest.  Cost  of  capital.  Profits.  Con- 
sumption of  wealth.  Rational  consumption. 
Luxury.  Taxation.  Financing  of  war.  Com- 
munism. Socialism.  Anarchism,  Construc- 
tive liberalism. 


BOOKKEEPING  (Co-10) — Bookkeeping  and 
accounting  terms.  Cash  account.  Personal 
account.  Accounts  with  creditors.  Inventory 
account.  Sales  account.  Expense  account. 
Recording  transactions.  Posting.  Ledger. 
Partnership.  Reserve  for  depreciation.  Ac- 
cruals and  deferred  items.  Accrued  liabili- 
ties account.  Profit  and  loss  account.  Trad- 
ing account.  Corporation.  Surplus.  Adver- 
tising account.  Cost  accounting.  Systems. 
Books  of  account.  Single  entry  bookkeep- 
ing. Double  entry  bookkeeping. 


Business  Economics 

(Co-7x) 

The  causes  of  depression  in  commerce,  the  why  and  wherefore  of  labor 
troubles,  the  laws  of  relationship  between  government  and  business — these 
are  factors  in  our  life  with  which  every  man  should  be  conversant.  A 
keen  insight  into  public  affairs  and  an  understanding  of  the  causes  of  panic 
and  prosperity  help  a business  man  to  control  the  operations  of  his  business 
with  a greater  certainty  of  success.  Ignorance  of  internal  and  external 
affairs,  and  their  influence  on  every  day  business,  has  driven  thousands  of 
concerns  to  the  wall.  This  course  goes  thoroughly  and  interestingly  into 
every  detail  of  this  subject,  giving  the  student  a broad  knowledge  of  the 
fundamentals  of  sound  business. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  ECONOMICS  (Co-5)— Underlying 
Conditions  of  National  Prosperity — Econ- 
omy. Wealth  and  well  being.  Self  interest. 
Competition.  Law  and  government.  Morals 
and  religion.  Geographical  situation. 

Production — Primary  factors.  Quality  of  peo- 
ple. Division  of  labor.  Power.  Land.  Cap- 
ital. Organization  of  business.  Balancing 
of  factors  of  production.  Manufacturing  in- 
dustries. Merchandising.  Personal  and  pro- 
fessional service. 

Exchange — Law  of  variable  proportions.  Na- 


ture of  wage  question.  What  determines 
rate  of  wages.  Labor  organizations.  Rent 
of  land.  Source  of  interest.  Cost  of  capital. 
Profits. 

Consumption  of  Wealth — Meaning  and  impor- 
tance of  consumption.  Rational  consump- 
tion. Luxury.  Control  of  consumption. 

Public  Finance — Taxation.  Financing  of  war. 
Earmarks  of  good  revenue  system. 

Reform — Communism.  Socialism.  Anarchism. 
Single  tax.  Constructive  liberalism. 


Business  Finance 


(Co-13x) 


Business  success  these  days  depends  to  a large  extent  on  sound  organi- 
zation. This  very  compact  course  gives  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  duties 
of  a business  organizer  or  financial  manager  of  an  enterprise.  The  instruc- 
tion is  replete  with  just  the  kind  of  information  needed  by  one  interested  in 
organizing,  financing  and  managing,  and  who  aspires  to  the  position  of  de- 
partment head  or  general  executive.  The  world  needs  men  with  such  knowl- 
edge. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  FINANCE  (Co-8)— Finance  and 
Business  Organization — Principles  of  financ- 
ing. Types  of  business  organization.  Sole 
proprietorship.  Partnership.  Corporation. 
Types  and  purposes.  Rights  and  duties  of 
shareholders.  Advantages  and  disadvantages. 

Capital — Owned  capital.  Borrowed  capital.  Ba- 
sis of  capitalization.  Notes.  Bonds.  Mort- 
gages. 

Securing  Capital — Sources  of  capital  funds 


Promoter.  Promoting  combinations.  Selling 
securities.  Underwriting. 

Internal  Financial  Management — Investment 
of  capital  funds.  Calculating  requirements 
for  working  capital.  Determination  of  net 
income.  Dividends.  Surplus.  Budgets.  Fi- 
nancial standards. 

Financial  Abuses  and  Involvements — Exploita- 
tion by  officers.  Exploitation  by  directors 
and  majority  shareholders.  Insolvency  and 
receivership.  Reorganization. 


The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  with  spare-hour  classes  in  hundreds  of 
cities,  and  with  a well-organized  division  of  correspondence  instruc- 
tion, can  bring  to  you  the  advantages  given  in  the  past  year  to  over 
140,000  young  men. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


29 


Business  Organization 

(Co-21x) 

Sooner  or  later  the  law  of  the  survival  of  the  fittest  operates  in  every 
office.  The  man  who  is  trained  goes  ahead,  while  the  man  who  lives  in  to-day 
and  forgets  to-morrow  will  lose  his  job. 

Whether  you  are  a bookkeeper,  a stenographer,  a department  head,  or 
even  an  office  manager,  if  you  understand  well  the  administrative  and  finan- 
cial methods  as  practiced  by  the  best  business  organizations,  and  know  how 
to  put  your  knowledge  to  work,  there  is  no  limit  to  your  advancement. 

This  course  goes  deeply  into  the  subjects  of  office  management  and  busi- 
ness finance,  and  prepares  the  student  to  handle  efficiently  even  the  most  dif- 
ficult problems  met  with  by  the  office  executive. 


Subjects  Covered 

OFFICE  MANAGEMENT  (Co-7)— Principles 
of  office  administration.  Selection  of  an  of- 
fice. Layout  and  flow  of  work.  Labor  sav- 
ing devices.  Methodizing  means  of  commu- 
nication. Control  of  correspondence  and  re- 
lated activities.  Handling  office  detail.  Work 
of  business  departments,  advertising,  ac 
counting,  sales.  Training  and  developing  of 


in  This  Course: 

office  workers.  Business  writing.  Business 
speech. 

BUSINESS  FINANCE  (Co-8)— Principles  of 
financing.  Forms  of  business  enterprise. 
Owned  capital.  Borrowed  capital.  Sources 
of  capital  funds.  Investment  of  capital  funds. 
Internal  financial  management.  Exploitation 
by  officers.  Exploitation  by  directors.  Insol- 
vency. Receivership.  Reorganization. 


Office  Management 

(Co-14x) 

The  thousands  upon  thousands  of  business  houses  in  this  country  must 
each  have  a man  at  the  head  of  its  office  affairs  who  can  direct  the  admin- 
istration of  the  business.  He  stands  pre-eminent,  his  work  is  interesting,  his 
opportunities  for  advancement  many,  and  his  pay  is  large.  Office  managers 
draw  $150  monthly  up  to  $1000  and  more,  depending  on  their  ability  and  the 
size  of  the  organization. 

Every  bookkeeper,  file-clerk,  stenographer,  mail-clerk  and  correspondent, 
ambitious  to  start  on  his  way  to  the  top,  should  get  a clear  insight  into  the 
duties  of  office  executive. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


OFFICE  MANAGEMENT  (Co-7)— Principles 
of  Office  Administration — Field  of  the  office 
manager.  Development  of  the  modern  of- 
fice. Departmental  and  unit  methods  of  or- 
ganization. Analysis  of  functions  and  duties. 

Location,  Layout  and  Equipment — Selection  of 
an  office.  Leasing  an  office.  Layout  and 
flow  of  work.  Labor  saving  devices  in  the 
office.  Modern  efficiency  desk.  Dispatch  of 
work. 

Methodizing  Means  of  Communication — Han- 
dling the  office  mail.  Organization  of  a 
messenger  service.  Routine  of  filling  orders. 
Filing. 

Control  of  Correspondence  and  Related  Activ- 
ities— Stenographic  department.  Standardiza- 


tion of  stenographic  work.  Measurement  of 
stenographic  output.  Handling  the  office  de- 
tail. 

Work  of  Business  Departments— Purchases  and 
stores.  Work  of  the  traffic  department.  Han- 
dling credits  and  collections.  Sphere  of  sales 
management.  Home  office  control  of  sales. 
Training  of  salesmen.  Work  of  sales  pro- 
motion department.  Advertising  department. 
Organization  of  accounting  department.  Con- 
trol of  accounting  activities. 

Training  and  Development  of  Office  Workers 
— Selection  of  the  right  employee.  Training 
and  education  of  employees.  Language  of 
business.  Writing.  Speech.  Language  of  the 
executive. 


Course  in  Business  Management  Helped  Him  Increase  Business  75  Per  Cent. 

Since  taking  your  course  in  Business  Management  I have  purchased  a drug  store  in  New 
Jersey,  and  have  been  using  with  much  success  a good  many  of  the  methods  explained  to  me — 
so  much  so  that  I have  increased  the  business  75  per  cent,  in  the  short  time  of  two  months — 
a remarkable  showing ! 

The  details  of  installation,  and  everything  that  goes  with  a new  proposition,  are  the  real 
reasons  for  my  temporary  vacation  from  my  studies,  but  I can  see  that  I cannot  afford  to  let 
anything  come  between  me  and  the  completion  of  my  course.  I have  found  the  information 
gained  very  necessary  to  the  success  of  modern  business. — (Name  on  request.) 


Knowledge  Pays  Big  Dividends 


30 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Applied  Psychology 

(Ac-26x) 

Psychology  is  a systematic  knowledge  of  the  mind  that  has  proved  to  be 
one  of  the  most  vital  factors  in  assisting  a man  to  accomplish  what  he  sets 
out  to  do.  The  application  of  psychology  to  everyday  affairs  was  made  pos- 
sible by  the  common-sense  experiments  of  such  noted  scientists  as  Hugo  Mun- 
sterberg  and  William  James.  Their  lucid  explanations  of  psycho-phenomena 
brought  this  science  within  the  sphere  of  the  average  intellect.  A powerful 
tool  for  shaping  success  was  placed  at  the  command  of  man.  The  salesman,  the 
executive,  the  office  man,  in  fact  every  person  should  have  a practical  knowl- 
edge of  psychology  as  applied  to  his  work,  if  he  is  to  get  the  most  out  of  life. 

There  are  no  hazy  hard-to-understand  theories  in  this  course,  which  is 
taught  by  Burt  B.  Farnsworth,  a specialist  in  psychology  whose  experience 
extends  over  a period  of  thirty  years.  Each  phase  of  the  subject  is  covered  in 
a simple,  understandable  way  that  gives  the  student  a working  knowledge 
which  he  can  apply  to  everyday  affairs. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


APPLIED  PSYCHOLOGY  (Ac-31)— Applica- 
tion  to  Daily  Uses — Mental  mastery-  Rela- 
tion of  mind  and  body.  Control  of  bodily 
activity.  Cell  theory  of  life.  Human  nerv- 
ous system.  Association  centers.  Conscious- 
ness. 

Sense-Perceptive  Processes — Sensation.  Per- 
ception. Interpretinjr  impressions.  Sense 
perception.  Cause  of  illusions.  Special  senses. 
Sensory  qualities. 

Concepts  and  Judgment-Relation  of  percepts 
to  concepts.  Conception.  Analysis  and  syn- 
thesis. Growth  of  intellect.  Language.  Judg- 
ment. Training  judgment. 

World  of  Association — Reaction  time.  Associa- 
tion areas.  Cause  of  association.  Similarity. 
Difference.  Power  of  association.  Subcon- 
scious association.  Dissociation. 

Memory — Good  memory.  Poor  memory.  For- 
getting. Basis  of  memory.  Types  of  memory. 

Imagination — Kinds  of  images.  Color.  Sound. 
Taste.  Smell.  Feeling.  Motion.  Form.  Heat. 
Cold.  Images  and  percepts.  Beliefs.  Ideas. 
Imagination  and  environment.  Control  of 
imagination.  Constructive  imagination.  Pow- 
er of  imagination.  Limits  of  imagination. 

The  Reason  or  How  We  Think — Day  dream- 
ing. Rationalization.  Constructive  thinking. 
Instinctive  action.  Experience.  Information. 
Intelligence.  Poor  thinking.  Difficulties.  Cause 
of  thought.  Thought  processes.  Original 
thought.  Acquisitive  and  reflective  powers. 
Inductive  reasoning.  Beginning  of  thought. 
Necessary  beliefs.  Judgment  and  thinking. 
Laws  of  thinking.  Intuition.  Arrested  think- 
ing. Why  men  differ  in  their  thinking. 


Will  and  Perseverance — What  will  is.  How  to 
train  the  will.  Relation  to  habit.  Formation 
of  habit.  Breaking  of  habits.  Relation  of 
perseverance  to  will.  Relation  of  will  to  fa- 
tigue. Causes  of  fatigue.  How  to  eliminate 
fatigue. 

Interest  and  Attention — Physical  basis  of  in- 
terest, How  to  develop  interest.  How  to 
control  interest.  How  to  strengthen  old  in- 
terests. Voluntary  and  involuntary  atten- 
tion. Increase  of  nerve  energy  through  at- 
tention. How  to  increase  attention. 

Mental  Mastery — Relation  of  mind  and  body. 
Meaning  of  mental  mastery.  Importance  of 
knowing  mental  processes.  Relation  of  men- 
tal mastery  to  fine  physique. 

Psychotherapy — Misunderstandings.  Meaning. 

Power  of  suggestion.  Controlling  body 
through  mind.  Functional  disorders.  Men- 
tal mastery  through  suggestion.  Impulsive 
and  conscious  control.  Meaning  of  impulse. 
Impulse  and  instinct.  Instinct  and  habit. 
Habit  and  reflection. 

Temperaments  — Four  temperaments.  How 
temperaments  are  modified.  Importance  of 
know'ing  temperaments.  How  to  check  out- 
standing qualities  of  temperaments.  How  to 
brace  up  weaker  temperaments.  Relation  of 
normal  to  abnormal  in  temperaments. 

Success — Meaning  of  success.  Elements  essen- 
tial to  it.  Raw  materials  out  of  which  it  is 
built.  Success  in  apparent  failures.  Out- 
standing qualities  of  men  who  have  attained 
success  in  your  field.  Handicaps.  How  han- 
dicaps may  be  overcome. 


Tokio  Y.M.C.A.  Secretary  Applies  Acid  Test  to  Correspondence  Instruction 

It  may  seem  strange  for  a Y.M.C.A.  Secretary  to  take  the  course  which  I am  taking  (Busi- 
ness Organization)  but  1 am  trying  to  find  out  by  experience  how  you  handle  this  sort  of 
correspondence  business. 

Let  me  say  that  your  letter  has  demonstrated  to  me  that  the  Student  Service  Department 
of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  is  wffiat  it  is  claimed  to  be — the  personal  contact  between  the 
school  and  the  student. — W.  R.  F.  STIER,  Tokyo,  Japan. 


Says  Course  in  Busiiicss  Admi}iistration  Saved  Plint  Hundreds  of  Dollars 

Your  course  in  Business  Administration  has  been  a great  help  to  me  in  my  every  day  busi- 
ness. I consider  that  the  ideas  that  I conceived  due  to  taking  your  course,  have  saved  me 
hundreds  of  dollars. — ELIAS  K.  KHALOUF,  535  Philadelphia  Street,  Indiana,  Pa. 


Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


USINESS  BUILDING 


TX 


PRODUCE  Business,”  says  the  employer  of  to- 
day. “What  we  want  are  orders,  a large  cir- 
cle of  customers  and  friends.  The  person  who 
can  really  help  us  to  produce  more  business  is  the 
one  who  interests  us.” 

“Business  building”  is  a broad  term.  It  in- 
cludes every  kind  of  effort  that  gains  and  retains 
trade,  whether  it  be  printed  salesmanship  in  the 
pages  of  newspapers  or  magazines;  the  use  of  book- 
lets, catalogs  or  letters;  sales  effort  behind  the 
counter  or  on  the  road;  show  cards,  signs  or  store 
displays;  a good  knowledge  of  business  law  that 
safeguards  transactions,  or  an  understanding  of 
mental  laws  that  enables  a man  to  know  not  only 
how  to  get  the  best  result  from  his  own  effort,  but 
also  how  to  deal  more  intelligently  and  effectively 
with  his  fellow  men. 

The  fine  thing  about  the  gi'eat  business  field  is 
that  the  man  who  enters  it  is  not  hampered  by  an  ancient  code  of  ethics  that 
prevents  him  from  going  out  and  making  a place  for  himself.  Neither  is  he 
held  back  by  time-honored  precedent  which  makes  it  necessary  for  someone 
else  to  die  or  be  promoted  before  advancement  is  possible. 

No,  the  man  who  has  acquired  a knowledge  of  advertising,  salesmanship, 
better  letter-writing,  show-card  writing,  or  merchandise  display,  is  free  to  step 
out  into  the  marts  of  commerce  and  make  his  way  with  the  assurance  that  the 
employing  world  stands  ready  to  pay  him  according  to  his  productiveness. 

With  the  Y.M.C.A.’s  rich  experience  in  almost  all  forms  of  promotional 
effort  as  a background,  the  Extension  Division  takes  pride  and  pleasure  in 
making  available  to  ambitious  men  and  women  a variety  of  courses  in  business 
building  that  will  meet  the  many  different  needs  and  ambitions. 

Experienced  Instructors  to  Guide  You 

S.  Roland  Hall,  author  of  the  new  Advertising  Handbook,  which  is  one  of 
the  textbooks  used  in  the  Advertising  Course,  has  had  fifteen  years’  experience 
as  principal  with  a prominent  correspondence  school,  and  advertising  manager 
for  the  Victor  Talking  Machine  Company  and  Alpha  Portland  Cement  Com  • 
pany.  He  now  heads  his  own  business  as  advertising 
counselor  and  agent.  Mr.  Hall  takes  part  in  the 
functioning  of  this  School  in  an  advisory  capacity. 

The  head  of  the  Business  Building  Department, 

R.  Earle  Williamson,  is  particularly  well  qualified 
by  experience  and  study  to  make  these  courses  a 
success.  His  experience  covers  the  fields  of  adver- 
tising and  selling.  He  has  held  positions  as  sales 
correspondent,  advertising  writer  and  manager  with 
such  concerns  as  Alexander  Brothers  and  Lanston 
Monotype  Machine  Company  of  Philadelphia,  and 
the  Mergenthaler  Linotype  Company  of  New  York. 

Supplementing  this  broad  practical  experience  in 
the  field  of  advertising  and  selling,  he  has  taken 
special  training  in  his  chosen  work  at  such  repre- 
sentative institutions  as  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, New  York  University,  and  Columbia 
University. 

The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


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Mr.  Smith  is  a student  both  in  our  Advertising  and  Commercial  Illustrating  Courses 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


33 


E.  H.  Lewis,  instructor  in  advertising,  has  spent  over  twenty  years  in 
newspaper  and  advertising  work.  He  has  ser\’ed  successfully  in  all  capacities 
in  newspaper  making  from  “printer’s  devil”  to  advertising  solicitor,  publisher 
and  editor.  In  addition  he  was  for  more  than  eight  years  instructor  in  adver- 
tising vdth  a prominent  correspondence  school. 

Assisting  these  capable  men  is  a corps  of  experienced  instructors,  each 
of  whom  desires  to  have  every  student  succeed. 

Advertising 

(Ad-lx) 

A great  force  in  Business — The  field  of  advertising  makes  the  keen  young 
man  of  to-day  enthusiastic,  for  it  opens  to  him  a most  interesting  type  of  oc- 
cupation. The  capable  advertising  mair  stands  out.  His  every  effort  advertises 
him  and  aids  in  his  advancement.  Advertising  brings  him  into  contact  with 
manufacturers  and  merchants,  publishers  and  printers,  illustrators  and  engrav- 
ers. It  affords  opportunity  for  research,  and  enables  him  to  analyze,  plan,  and 
write — a varied  occupation  that  brings  out  creative  ability. 

Advertising  plays  a marvelous  part  in  our  lives.  It  is  perhap  j the  greatest 
modem  commercial  force.  It  creates  world-wide  desire  for  new  products.  It 
maintains  and  increases  the  demand  for  things  already  known.  It  changes  the 
buying  habits  of  people,  and  educates  them  to  the  use  of  things  that  make 
home  life  more  attractive.  It  raises  the  standards  of  living,  and  teaches  how- 
to get  and  keep  good  health.  As  a means  of  selling  goods,  spreading  ideas, 
building  good  will,  and  prompting  prosperity,  the  usefulness  of  advertising 
can  scarcely  be  overestimated. 

Advertising  makes  us  acquainted  with  certain  standard  w’ell  knowm  prod- 
ucts and  keeps  us  constantly  reminded  of  them.  Business  expands,  commerce 
grows,  new'  firms  organize.  Things  are  continually  being  invented  that  must 
be  made  and  sold.  Each  item  of  development  means  a proportionate  expansion 
in  advertising.  The  demand  for  trained  advertising  men  is  constant.  Certain 
it  is  that  advertising  will  keep  on  expanding  and  calling  for  more  and  more 
men  and  women  qualified  in  publicity  methods. 

Advertising  men  get  big  salaries.  Many  earn  $3,000  to  $5,000  a year. 
Others  receive  as  much  as  $10,000  to  $25,000.  As  an  advertising  man  your  pro- 
gress and  income  depend  on  your  ambition  and  how'  well  you  develop  and  use 
your  talents.  Your  earnings  will  not  be  governed  by  w'hat  others  receive. 

So  general  has  advertising  become  that  even  stores  in  small  cities  and 
towns  have  specially  trained  men  and  women  to  plan  and  prepare  the  various 
kinds  of  publicity  required.  So  keen  is  the  competition  among  retailers  that 
they  pay  good  salaries  to  men  and  w’omen  w'ho  can  increase  their  sales. 

Advertising  is  pleasant  and  interesting.  There  are  many  things  to  write 
about  in  different  ways,  and  the  many  forms  of  advertising  permit  you  to 
specialize  in  one  kind  of  publicity,  or  to  be  as  versatile  as  you  can. 

You  may  conduct  an  advertising  company  or  agency  of  your  own.  You  may 
enter  an  agency  and  become  a well  paid  copy  writer  or  plan  man.  You  may 
advance  to  the  advertising  managership  of  a manufacturing  concern,  or  occupy 
a like  position  on  a newspaper,  calling  on  buy-ers  of  space  and  aiding  them  to 
use  their  space  effectively*.  You  may*  be  a free  lance,  do  such  work  for  others 
as  you  prefer,  and  charge  what  your  services  are  worth.  Many  men  and 
women  are  doing  w*ell  in  this  independent  advertising  field. 

If  you  are  a store  clerk,  learn  advertising  and  get  from  behind  the  counter 
into  a better  paying  position.  If  you  are  tired  of  sitting  at  an  office  desk,  why* 
not  leave  monotonous  routine  behind  and  enter  this  creative  field  ? If  you  are 
dissatisfied  with  your  present  w'ork  and  chances  for  advancement,  learn 
advertising. 

The  success  of  Y.M.C.A.  instruction  is  proved  by*  the  large  number  of 
forrner  students  w*ho  are  holding  responsible,  well  paid  positions  in  this  pro- 
fession. A careful  study  of  the  subjects  outlined  below  will  give  you  a good 
idea  of  the  thorough  training  to  be  expected  from  the  studv  of  this  course. 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


34 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Topics  Covered 

ADVERTISING  (Ad-1) — A powerful  business 
force.  Development.  Use.  Relation  to  busi- 
ness and  society.  Educational  and  economic 
effects.  Gathering  data.  Studying  the  prod- 
uct, market,  conditions,  people  ; their  needs, 
wants,  traits,  and  buying  habits.  Dealer's 
attitude.  Competition.  Psychology  applied  to 
advertising.  Campaigns — local,  national. 

Advertising  Copy — Importance.  Kinds — remind- 
ing, informing.  Types  of  appeals — command- 
ing. declarative,  persuasive.  Arousing  in- 
terest. Creating  desire.  Influencing  action. 
Appeals  to  imagination  and  the  senses ; to 
sentiments  and  emotions.  Suggestion.  Reason- 
ing. Applying  psychology  to  copy.  Association 
of  ideas.  Po.sitive  and  negative  appeals. 
Value  of  repetition.  Instincts.  Motives.  Laws 
of  contiguity,  sequence  and  feeling  tone.  Con- 
structing copy — composition,  style,  original- 
ity. Using  words  effectively.  Making  copy 
clear  and  concise.  Copy  as  affected  by  medium, 
by  display.  Copy  for  newspaper  advertise- 
ments. for  general  magazines,  for  catalogues, 
for  street-car  cards,  house  organs.  Advertis- 
ing to  farmers,  business  men.  technical  and 
professional  workers,  women  and  children. 
Creating  headings  and  sub-headings. 

Typography  of  Advertisements — Making  the 
layout.  Lettering  display  lines.  Dummies 
for  catalogues,  booklets,  and  folders.  En- 
gravings. Printing  methods.  Kinds  of  paper. 
Display  elements  and  how  to  use  them. 
Kinds  of  display.  Attracting  attention.  Em- 
phasis by  contrast.  Importance  of  white 
space.  Balance  in  display.  Choosing  types 
and  borders.  Making  ads  easy  to  read.  Hand- 
lettered  ads.  Display  as  influenced  by  copy, 
by  medium,  by  the  thing  advertised. 

Illustration — Appeals  of  pictures  to  create 
favorable  impression,  arouse  interest  and 
create  desire.  Showing  the  product  and  how 
to  use  it.  Re-enforcing  copy  with  sugges- 
tive pictures.  Emphasizing  the  package. 
Syndicate  and  stock  cuts.  Illustrations  from 
photographs  and  drawings.  Half-tones  and 
line  cuts.  Pictures  in  color.  Placing  illus- 
trations to  advantage.  Cost  of  drawings. 

Retail  Advertising — Adapting  copy  to  "aver- 
age" buyer.  Advertising  manager  and  his 
work.  Getting  information  from  buyers  and 


* Optional.  (See  Page  12.) 


in  This  Course: 

salespeople.  Sales  events.  News  in  adver- 
tising. Bargain  advertising.  Typographic 
style. 

Medium — Value.  Newspapers.  General  mag- 
azines. Class  magazines.  Trade  journals. 
Posters.  Bulletins.  Street-car  cards.  House 
organs.  Programs. 

House  Organs — Kinds.  Copy.  Editing.  Com- 
piling mailing  lists.  Costs. 

Direct-By-Mail  Advertising — Catalogues,  book- 
lets, folders,  mailing  cards,  circulars,  “broad- 
sides,” letters,  etc.  Distribution.  Choosing 
paper.  Cover  papers.  Book  papers.  Cover 
designs.  Color  harmony.  The  “dummy.” 
Choosing  types,  borders,  ornaments.  Hand- 
ling proofs. 

# 

Mail  Order  Advertising — General,  special.  Copy. 
Display.  Follow-ups.  Records.  Checking  re- 
sults. Letters  and  follow-up  systems. 

Street-Car  Advertising — Aids  to  other  adver- 
tising. Population  reached.  Right  copy.  De- 
signs. Use  of  colors. 

Outdoor  Advertising — Posters.  Painted  boards. 
Bulletins.  Illuminated  display. 

Miscellaneous — Moving  pictures.  Directories. 
Calendars.  Programs.  Slogans.  Trade  names. 
Trade-marks.  Labels.  Dealer  aids.  The  ag- 
ency and  its  work.  Laws  affecting  advertis- 
ing. Proofreading  and  editing. 

♦BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE (Co-15) — Word  study.  Common  errors. 
Analysis  and  classification  of  sentences. 
Punctuation.  Capitalization.  Correspondence. 
Composition  of  business  letter.  How  to  con- 
struct effective  sentences.  Brevity  and  clear- 
ness. Completeness.  Letter  of  application. 
Letters  of  inquiry.  Collection  letters.  Form 
letters.  Telegrams  and  cablegrams. 

♦ADVANCED  BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND 
CORRESPONDENCE  (Co-9)— Style  of  busi- 
ness English.  Correctness  and  force  in  sen- 
tence structure.  Correctness  and  force  in  dic- 
tation. Business  forms  and  usages.  Mechan- 
ical make-up  of  letter.  Official  and  social 
forms.  Essential  qualities  of  business  letter. 
Construction  of  letter.  Routine  letters.  Claims 
and  adjustment  letters.  Collection  letters. 
Sales  letters.  Follow-up  letters.  Business 
narrative.  Filing  systems. 


Attributes  His  Promotion  to 
Course  in  Advertising 

You  will  notice  from  my  correspondence  re- 
cently that  I have  been  put  in  charge  of 
the  advertising  of  this  company,  which  is  a 
very  large  concern,  owning  over  e'ighty  re- 
tail lumber  yards  in  Montana.  It  has  the 
promise  of  developing  into  an  extremely  good 
proposition  if  our  advertising  this  year  is 
sucsessful, 

I feel  that  I have  derived  so  much  benefit 
from  my  present  course  that  it  behooves  me 
to  continue  my  studies.  As  I am  now  near- 
ing the  completion  of  my  course,  I am  think- 
ing about  what  I shall  take  up  next. 

I once  told  you  that  I wished  a chance  to 
stand  or  fall  by  my  efforts  in  advertising  and 
I have  that  opportunity  now.  If  I don’t 
succeed  it  will  be  my  own  fault.  If  I do  suc- 
ceed (and.  by  George.  I’m  going  to)  the 
United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  will  be  largely  re- 
sponsible.— J.  E.  TRACEY,  Great  Falls, 
Montana. 


Advertising  Manager  Endorses 
Y.M.C.A.  Instruction 

I say  now  and  somewhat  with  pride  that  I 
am  now  the  Advertising  Manager  of  my 
company.  I have  worked  hard  for  this  posi- 
tion and  was  "knighted”  Advertising  Mana- 
ger last  week.  With  a skilled  and  energetic 
force  I expect  to  show  results,  thanks  to  my 
efforts  and  to  the  instruction  of  the  United 
Y.M.C.A.  Schools.— ELMER  BRANDELL, 
Louisville,  Kentucky. 

Course  Aids  Salesman  of  Nationally 
Known  Concern 

I am  now  employed  as  a salesman  for  the 
National  Cash  Register  Company.  Have 
been  on  the  road  the  greater  part  of  last 
three  months.  My  course  in  Salesmanship 
has  helped  me  in  a great  many  ways  .and  I 
highly  recommend  it  to  anyone. — P,  H.  LIB- 
BY, Portland,  Me. 


Release  Your  Abilities  from  Bondage 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


35 


Salesmanship 

(Ad-3x) 

Every  man  who  intends  to  enter  business  or  to  engage  in  promotion  work 
of  any  kind  needs  a knowledge  of  salesmanship.  The  principles  of  salesman- 
ship are  exceedingly  broad  in  their  application.  For  example,  one  attempting 
to  form  a new  club,  to  manage  a political  campaign,  or  to  act  as  chairman  of  a 
committee,  has  as  great  a need  for  a knowledge  of  scientific  salesmanship  as 
the  salesman  who  has  the  job  of  selling  life  insurance  or  adding  machines.  The 
practice  of  salesmanship  may,  therefore,  be  said  to  be  a preparation  for  leader- 
ship. No  man  ever  became  a success  as  a salesman  without  becoming  a bigger 
man,  better  able  to  understand,  deal  with  and  direct  his  fellowmen. 

If  a man  is  planning  to  have  a business  of  his  own  some  day,  training  in 
salesmanship  and  experience  in  selling  aft'ord  the  very  best  kind  of  preparation, 
for  the  success  of  a business  enterprise  depends  on  the  way  it  is  promoted. 
Salesmanship  as  a profession  takes  its  stand  as  the  most  important  factor  in 
business.  It  is  the  salesman  that  must  feed  the  machinery  of  production  with 
the  orders  necessary  to  keep  the  wheels  of  industry  turning. 

This  course  gives  a simple,  orderly  presentation  of  the  general  science  of 
selling.  It  includes  all  branches,  from  the  simplest  retail  selling  to  the  most 
highly  specialized  traveling  salesmanship.  It  gives  the  student  in  a practical, 
interesting  way  the  net  results  of  the  experience  of  thousands  of  expert  sales- 
men. It  offers  information  that  one  would  be  years  learning  through  his  per- 
sonal experience.  Our  plan  of  teaching  salesmanship  does  not  call  for  the 
reading  of  long,  dry  treatises  dealing  with  vague  theories,  obscure  philosophy, 
or  fine-spun,  impractical  psychology.  The  texts  are  clear,  man-to-man  expla- 
nations, freely  illustrated  from  incidents  in  every-day  sales-practice. 


Topics  Covered 

SALESMANSHIP  (Ad-2)  Salesman  and  His 
Job — Problems  of  marketing  goods.  The 
training  essential  for  salesmen.  Factors  in 
a sale.  Definition  of  salesmanship.  Physical 
fitness  the  salesman’s  prime  asset.  The 
sale  as  a mental  transaction.  Mastering  tech- 
nique of  thinking.  Man-power  in  selling. 
Methods  of  selling,  wholesale,  specialty,  re- 
tail. Characteristics  of  great  salesmen.  Con- 
structive habits  to  be  cultivated. 

Salesman  and  His  Goods — Knowledge  of  goods 
is  necessary  to  success.  How  to  get  the 
facts.  How  to  build  the  selling  talk.  What 
the  customer  wants  to  know.  Proving  the 
value  of  goods.  Selling  ideas,  not  things. 
Making  the  goods  desirable.  Controlling  the 
feelings. 

Salesman  and  His  Customer — Judging  the  cus- 


in  This  Course: 

tomer’s  nature.  Environment,  attitudes  and 
speech  as  clues  to  character.  The  salesman 
as  the  customer  sees  him.  Salesman  as  a 
confidence  maker.  The  man  \\ho  thinks  he 
can  is  the  man  who  does.  The  tactics  of 
selling.  Getting  through  to  the  customer. 
Manner  and  manners  in  approach.  Arousing 
the  customer’s  interest.  An  interesting  in- 
dividuality. 

Salesman  and  His  Sale — Inducing  desire  to 
buy.  Putting  art  into  selling.  Getting  de- 
cision and  action.  Necessity  for  developing 
an  active  will.  Using  assurance.  Decisive- 
ness and  authority.  What  objections  are 
and  why  raised.  Maintaining  poise  and 
power.  Satisfying  and  utilizing  the  customer. 
Looking  ahead  into  larger  fields.  Making 
failure  the  foundation  for  achievement. 


Salesmanship  and  Business 

(Ad-2x) 

The  modern  salesman  realizes  his  need  for  extensive  training.  Virtually 
every  kind  of  education  is  useful  to  a salesman,  for  at  one  time  or  another  he 
is  called  on  to  take  part  in  many  forms  of  commercial  promotion,  and  he  comes 
in  contact  with  many  types  of  people  representing  widely  diversified  interests. 

In  addition  to  a thorough  grounding  in  salesmanship  there  are  other  kinds 
of  knowledge  that  every  salesman  sliouhl  possess.  For  example,  the  salesman 
frequently  needs  a knowledge  of  business  law.  Without  it  he  may  make  faulty 
contracts.  He  may  fail  to  see  some  very  important  point  relating  to  credit  or 
payment,  or  he  may  make  a bad  slip  with  reference  to  shipping  goods. 

The  ability  to  write  a fine  letter  may  pave  the  way  for  the  salesman’s  call 
on  the  prospective  buyer,  or  m.ay  clinch  a sale.  Tactful  letters,  well  written, 
preserve  amicable  business  relations.  If  correctly  worded  they  collect  money  at 
little  expense,  adjust  claims  and  settle  complaints.  Training  in  business  letter- 
writing is  essential  in  every  business. 

Many  salesmen  fail  to  achieve  success  because  they  talk  poorly,  especially 
when  called  upon  to  present  a proposition  to  a buying  committee  or  other 


Study  Will  Bring  the  Success  You  Seek 


36 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


group.  To  speak  well — pleasingly  and  interestingly — is  a wonderful  help  in 
selling  and  in  social  life.  It  is  greatly  to  a person’s  credit  in  all  his  activities 
it  he  is  able  to  stand  and  give  his  views  in  an  orderly  and  convincing  manner. 

If  you  aim  to  devote  your  energies  to  the  promotion  of  business,  this  is  an 
excellent  course  for  you.  It  embraces  all  the  instruction  given  in  the  standard 
Y.M.C.A.  Course  in  Salesmanship,  and  also  the  important  training  in  Business 
Law,  Better  Letters,  and  Public  Speaking  that  every  salesman  should  have. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


SALESMANSHIP  (Ad-2)— The  art  of  sales- 
manship.  Economies  in  selling.  Factors  in 
selling.  Psychology  in  selling.  Man  power 
in  selling.  Keeping  mentally  alive.  Defini- 
tion of  salesmanship.  Methods  of  selling, 
wholesale,  specialty,  retail.  Characteristics 
of  great  salesmen.  Constructive  habits  to 
be  cultivated. 

Salesman  and  His  Goods — Knowledge  of  goods 
is  necessary  to  success.  How  to  get  the 
facts.  How  to  build  the  selling  talk.  What 
the  consumer  wants  to  know.  Proving  the 
value  of  goods.  Selling  ideas,  not  things. 
Making  the  goods  desirable.  Controlling  the 
feelings. 

Salesman  and  His  Customer — Judging  the  cus- 
tomer’s nature.  Environment,  attitudes  and 
sj^eech  as  clues  to  character.  The  salesman 
as  the  customer  sees  him.  Salesman  as  a 
confidence  maker.  The  man  who  thinks  he 
can  is  the  man  who  does.  The  tactics  of 
selling.  Getting  through  to  the  customer. 
Manner  and  manners  in  approach.  Arous- 
ing the  customer’s  interest.  An  interesting 
individuality. 

Salesman  and  His  Sale — Inducing  desire  to  buy. 
Putting  art  into  selling.  Getting  decision 
and  action.  Necessity  for  developing  an 
active  will.  Using  assurance.  Decisiveness 
and  authority.  What  objections  are  and  why 
raised.  Maintaining  poise  and  power.  Satis- 


fying and  utilizing  the  customer.  Looking 
ahead  into  larger  fields.  Making  failure  the 
foundation  for  achievement. 

BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-20) — Contracts  concern- 
ing goods.  Sales  of  goods.  Bailment  of 
goods.  Negotiable  instruments.  Essential 
elements  of  negotiable  paper.  Conditions  of 
transfer.  Letters  of  credjt.  Bonds.  Ware- 
house receipts.  Bills  of  lading.  Conduct  of 
business  through  representatives. 

BETTER  LETTERS  (Co-21)— Building  the  let- 
ter. Effective  wording.  Make-up  of  business 
letter.  Conventional  forms.  Adjustment  let- 
ters. Arrangement.  Building  sales  letters. 
Principles  of  salesmanship.  Follow-up  let- 
ters. What  the  follow-up  can  do.  Testing 
letters.  Correcting  the  mailing  list.  Sales 
campaigns.  Collection  letters.  Credit  letters. 

PUBLIC  SPEAKING  (Lt-6)— Speech  building. 
Developing  knowledge.  Gathering  data. 
Practice  in  effective  speaking.  Learning  self- 
control.  Building  personality.  Voice  train- 
ing. Arranging  the  speech.  How  to  think 
logically.  How  to  speak  convincingly.  How 
to  appeal  to  the  reason,  feeling,  senses.  Use 
of  humorous  speech.  How  to  make  people 
laugh.  Acquiring  good  delivery.  Developing 
.self-expression.  How  to  gain  and  hold  in- 
terest. Power  of  first  impressions.  Your 
choice  of  words.  How  to  study  words.  The 
popular  speech.  How  to  handle  an  audience. 


Complete  Letter  Writing 

(Co-43x) 

One  of  the  powerful  forces  in  business  is  the  sales  letter.  The  man  who 
can  express  his  thoughts  in  writing  in  a clear,  concise  way  that  will  leave  the 
desired  impression  on  the  reader  has  a distinct  advantage  in  getting  business. 

Concerns  that  do  a nation-wide  business  cannot  depend  altogether  on  their 
salesmen  to  handle  all  the  difficult  matters  that  are  certain  to  be  encountered. 
They  must  rely  to  a great  extent  on  letters.  Thousands  of  potential  buyers  can 
be  reached  through  the  mails  successfully  at  slight  expense.  The  manufactur- 
er’s story  of  his  product  can  be  spread  broadcast.  He  can  keep  the  confidence 
of  buyers  in  his  product  and  retain  their  trade. 

Even  the  small  business  man  must  know  how  to  write  good  letters  if  he 
expects  to  reap  the  profits  that  are  rightfully  his.  For  the’ young  man  em- 
ployed in  a business  office,  letter  writing  is  just  as  important.  If  he  can  write 
what  he  thinks  in  graphic  language,  his  chances  for  getting  a better  position 
are  considerably  increased. 

Commercial  concerns,  large  and  small,  appreciate  the  value  of  good  letters 
as  business  builders.  They  now  demand  men  who  can  write  them.  This  course 
supplies  the  training  that  should  enable  the  student  to  make  a marked  im- 
provement in  his  or  her  letter-writing. 


Topics  Covered 

BI  SINESS  ENGLISH  AND  CORRESPOND- 
ENCE  (Co-15) — Parts  of  speech.  Word  study. 
Common  errors.  Modifications  of  parts  of 
speech.  Analysis  and  classification  of  sen- 
tences. Punctuation.  Capitalization.  Corre- 
spondence. Composition  of  business  letter. 
How  to  construct  effective  sentences.  Brev- 
ity and  clearness.  Completeness.  Letter  of 
application.  Letters  of  inquiry.  Collection 


in  This  Course: 

letters.  Form  letters.  Telegrams  and  cable- 
grams. 

ADVANCED  BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND 
CORRESPONDENCE  (Co-9)— Essentials  of 
Business  English. 

Business  Forms  and  Usages — Standard  of  busi- 
ness usage.  Correct  stationery.  Mechanical 
make-up  of  letter.  Official  and  social  forms. 
Remittances.  Telegrams  and  cablegrams. 


Let  Your  Home  he  Your  College 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


37 


Business  Correspondence — Essential  qualities  of 
business  letters.  Adapting  language  to  the 
reader.  Planning  and  constructing  letters. 
Routine  letters.  Inquiries.  Orders.  Claims 
and  adjustments.  Collection  letters.  Kinds  of 
appeals.  Applications  and  recommendations. 

Sales  Letters  and  Advertising — The  sales  letter. 
Its  functions.  Attracting  attention.  Arousing 
interest.  Creating  desire.  Influencing  action. 
Appeals  to  various  classes.  Letters  to  dealers. 
To  business  men  as  consumers.  To  profes- 
sional men.  To  farmers.  To  women.  Follow- 
up letters.  Advertising  copy.  Reports.  Busi- 
ness narrative.  Handling  correspondence. 
Filing.  Legal  points. 

BETTER  LETTERS  (Co-25)— Fundamental 

Principles — Importance  of  business  letters. 
Use  of  words.  Acquiring  a vocabulary.  Parts 
of  speech.  Types  of  sentences.  Phrasing. 
Principles  of  thinking.  Punctuation. 

Mechanical  Aspects — Arrangement.  Style.  Cor- 
rect formulation.  Indention.  Spacing.  Para- 
graphing. Paper  as  an  expression  of  individ- 
uality. Letterhead  size  and  design.  Conven- 
tional forms.  Value  of  neatness.  Correct 
folding.  The  business  envelope. 

Building  the  Letter — Unity  in  thought  and  pre- 
sentation. How  to  secure  unity  and  coher- 
ence. Arrangement  of  letter.  Rules  for  cor- 
rect formulation.  Correctness  in  form,  ex- 


pression and  fact.  Clearness.  Conciseness 
versus  brevity.  Completeness.  Especial  im- 
portance of  courtesy. 

Sales  Letters — Strength  and  weakness  of  sales 
letters.  Principles  of  salesmanship.  Elements. 
Methods  of  approach.  How  to  secure  interest. 
Reader’s  viewpoint.  Significance  of  "you.” 
Building  the  sales  argument.  Illustrative  let- 
ters. Answering  inquiries.  Classes  of  sales 
letters.  Follow-up  letters.  Testing  letters. 
Letter  campaigns.  Compiling  and  testing 
mailing  lists.  When  and  how  to  use  form 
letters  and  paragraphs.  Filing.  Reports. 

Adjustment  Letters — How  to  make  complaints. 
Adjusting  complaints.  "You  and  I”  spirit. 
Suggesting  a remedy.  Illustrative  adjustment 
letters. 

Credit  Letters — Securing  information.  Co-opera- 
tion of  credit  with  sales  department.  Handling 
trade  acceptances.  Withholding  shipments. 
C.  O.  D.  shipments.  Refusing  credits. 

Collection  Letters — Keeping  customers  on  good 
terms.  “You  and  I”  spirit.  Policy  of  service. 
Classes  of  customers.  Meeting  conditions. 
Using  courtesy.  Good  humored  appeals.  Show- 
ing good  will.  Dignified  reminders.  Post  office 
rules  affecting  letters. 

Letters  of  Inquiry.  Asking  favors.  Remit- 
tances. Letters  of  application.  Internal  let- 
ters. To  salesmen.  Do’s  and  Don’t’s. 


Better  Letters 

(Co-31x) 

The  awakening  to  Better  Letters — Progressive  business  firms  have  awak- 
ened to  the  tremendous  importance  of  the  letter,  not  merely  as  a sales  medium, 
but  as  a gainer  and  retainer  of  good  will.  It  is  generally  recognized  that  no 
medium  in  business  affords  greater  possibilities  than  the  letter. 

Today  calls  come  from  every  part  of  the  country  for  good  correspondents, 
who  command  salaries*  from  $100  a month  up  to  $300,  $400,  and  more,  accord- 
ing to  their  ability  and  the  type  of  work  in  which  they  are  engaged. 

Advertisers  realize  that  they  have  only  begun  when  they  spend  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars  yearly  to  interest  the  public  in  their  products  or  ser- 
vices— they  must  have  keen  men  and  women  in  their  employ  to  answer  in- 
quiries and  to  “follow  through”  with  salesmen  and  dealers.  Add  to  this  the 
many  thousands  of  business  houses  who  do  no  advertising  in  magazines  or 
newspapers,  but  use  “direct  advertising”  to  a great  extent,  and  make  letters 
a large  part  of  their  program,  and  it  will  be  seen  that  the  field  is  so  large  as 
to  be  practically  without  limit. 

This  course  offers  a great  opportunity  for  stenographers  and  other  office 
workers  who  desire  to  climb  higher  up  the  ladder  of  success. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BETTER  LETTERS  (Co-25)- -Importance  of 
business  letters.  Use  of  words.  Acquiring  a 
vocabulary.  Parts  of  speech..  Types  of  sen- 
tences. Principles  of  thinking.  Punctuation. 

Mechanical  Aspects — Arrangement.  Style.  Cor- 
rect formulation.  Indention.  Spacing.  Paper 
as  an  expression  of  individuality.  Letter- 
head size  and  design.  Conventional  forms. 
Neatness.  The  business  envelope. 

Building  the  Letter — Unity  in  thought  and 
presentation.  How  to  secure  unity  and  co- 
herence. Arrangement  of  letter.  Rules  for 
correct  formulation.  Correctness  in  form, 
expression  and  fact.  Clearness.  Conciseness 
versus  brevity.  Completeness.  Especial  im- 
portance of  courtesy. 

Sales  Letters — Strength  and  weakness  of  sales 
letters.  Principles  of  salesmanship.  Ele- 
ments. Methods  of  approach.  How  to  secure 
interest.  Reader’s  viewpoint.  Significance  of 
"you.”  Steps  in  building  letter.  Illustrative 


letters.  Classes  of  letters.  Follow-up  let- 
ters. Testing  letters.  Letter  campaigns. 
Compiling  and  testing  mailing  lists.  Form 
letters  and  paragraphs.  Filing.  Reports. 
Adjustment  Letters — How  to  make  complaints. 
Adjusting  complaints.  “You  and  I”  spirit. 
Suggesting  a remedy.  Illustrative  adjust- 
ment letters. 

Credit  Letters — Securing  information.  Co-oper- 
ation of  credit  with  sales  department.  Hand- 
ling trade  acceptances.  Withholding  ship- 
ments. Refusing  credits. 

Collection  Letters — Keeping  customers  on  good 
terms.  “You  and  I”  spirit.  Policy  of  service. 
Classes  of  customers.  Meeting  conditions. 
Using  courtesy.  Good  humored  appeals. 
Showing  good  will.  Dignified  reminders. 
Post  office  rules  affecting  letters. 

Letters  of  Inquiry.  Asking  favors.  Remit- 
tances. Letters  of  application.  Internal  let- 
ters. To  salesmen.  Do’s  and  Don’t’s. 


In  the  Long  Rim  Trained  Heads  Win 


38 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Show-Card  Writing 

(Dr-27x) 

Show-card  writing  affords  an  attractive  opportunity  for  the  young  man  of 
merchandising  turn  who  has  a liking  for  lettering.  The  work  brings  a good 
salary  with  the  larger  merchants,  and  also  an  excellent  opportunity  for  the 
man  who  prefers  to  open  his  own  studio  and  serve  a number  of  clients. 

One  does  not  have  to  be  skillful  in  free-hand  drawing  to  succeed  as  a show- 
card writer,  though,  naturally,  artistic  ability  is  useful.  What  is  most  desir- 
able is  a command  of  a number  of  good  alphabets  that  can  be  executed  with 
reasonable  speed.  Anyone  of  ordinary  intelligence  can  learn  to  letter  accept- 
ably if  he  applies  himself  faithfully  for  a few  months. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


SHOW-CARD  WRITING  (Dr-5>— Essentials  of 
Show-Card  Writing — The  field.  Preliminary 
practice  problems.  Uses  of  pencil  and  pen. 
Practice  exercises.  Brush  exercises.  Study 
and  analysis  of  letters.  Alphabets.  Styles  of 
lettering.  Principles  of  color  and  color  com- 
binations. Essentials  of  ornament.  Practi- 
cal application.  Layouts.  Arrangement  and 
harmony.  Balance.  Contrast.  Artistic  design. 

Materials  -Pens.  Brushes.  Proper  use.  Care  of 
art  materials.  Shop  equipment.  Inks.  Water 
and  coach  colors.  Mixing  colors.  Stencils. 
Devices. 

Price-Cards  and  Show-Cards — Kinds  most  ap 
plicable  for  different  types  of  concerns. 


Clothing.  Men's  furnishings.  Women’s  fur- 
nishings. Department  store.  Shoe  store. 
Hat  store.  Cigar  store.  Candy  store.  Es- 
sentials of  good  taste.  Plain  and  orna- 
mented cards.  Practical  problems. 

Advanced  Applications — Sale  show-cards  and 
transparent  paper  signs.  Exhibition  work. 
Illustrated  cards.  Theatre  displays.  Lobby 
display  work.  Outside  displays.  Planning. 
Construction.  Practical  problems.  Posters. 

Lettering  for  Reproduction — Charts.  Graphs. 
Maps.  Posters.  Photographs.  Lantern  slide 
lettering.  Film  titles.  Methods  of  repro- 
duction. Small  and  large  quantity  repro- 
duction. 


Show-Card  Writing  and  Store  Display 

(Ad-4x) 

The  capable  show-card  writer  has  a dependable  profession,  but  his  oppor- 
tunities are  largely  increased  by  a good  knowledge  of  store  display. 

“Show  your  goods  attractively”  is  a rule  of  successful  merchandising. 
The  importance  of  effective  display  is  now  realized  by  successful  merchants. 
Every  store  of  worth  needs  the  display  man’s  services,  and  larger  stores  employ 
a force  of  men.  Competition  among  merchants  in  their  displays  is  keen.  Con- 
sequently, the  display  man  of  unusual  ability  has  great  opportunities. 

This  course  was  planned  to  aid  small  stores  in  competing  with  large  city 
stores  by  increasing  the  attractiveness  of  their  show  windows,  store  interiors 
and  merchandise.  It  is  based  on  the  most  modern  texts  and  the  student’s  in- 
struction is  handled  in  New  York  City  where  his  instructors  observe  and  pass 
on  to  him  the  latest  ideas  of  metropolitan  merchants. 


Subjects  Covered 

SHOW-CARD  WRITING  (Dr-5)— Essentials  of 
Show-Card  Writing — The  field.  Preliminary 
practice  problems.  Uses  of  pencil  and  pen. 
Practice  exercises.  Biush  exercises.  Study 
and  analysis  of  letters.  Alphabets.  Styles 
of  lettering.  Principles  of  color  and  color 
combinations.  Essentials  of  ornament.  Prac- 
tical application.  Layouts.  Arrangement  and 
harmony.  Balance.  Contrast.  Artistic  design. 

Materials — Pens.  Brushes.  Proper  use.  Care  of 
art  materials.  Shop  equipment.  Inks.  Water 
and  coach  colors.  Mixing  colors.  Stencils. 
Devices. 

Price-Cards  and  Show-Cards — Kinds  most  ap- 
plicable for  different  types  of  concerns. 
Clothing.  Men’s  furnishings.  Women’s  fur- 
nishings. Department  store.  Shoe  store. 
Hat  store.  Cigar  store.  Candy  store.  Es- 
sentials of  good  taste.  Plain  and  ornamented 
cards.  Practical  problems. 

Advanced  Applications — Sale  show-cards  and 
transparent  paper  signs.  E.xhibition  work. 
Illustrated  cards.  Theatre  displays.  Lobby 
display  work.  Outside  displays.  Planning. 


in  This  Course: 

Construction.  Practical  problems.  Posters. 

Lettering  for  Reproduction — Charts.  Graphs. 
Maps.  Posters.  Photographs.  Lantern  slide 
lettering.  Film  titles.  Methods  of  reproduc- 
tion. Small  and  large  quantity  reproduction. 

STORE  DISPLAY  (Ad-3)— Principles  of  Cor- 
rect Display — Essentials  of  arrangement. 
Value  of  simplicity.  Proper  utilization  of 
actual  goods.  Symmetrical  arrangement. 
Harmony.  Striking  effects  by  use  of  con- 
trast. Adapting  display  to  character  of 
article.  Graphic  displays.  Displays  for  closely 
related  articles.  Displaying  a variety  of  mis- 
cellaneous goods.  Department  stores.  Gen- 
eral stores.  Specialty  stores.  Adapting  dis- 
plays to  large  and  small  windows.  Other 
suggestions. 

Materials  and  Construction — Proper  fixtures. 
Display  forms.  Figures.  Background  and 
window  floors.  Additional  materials  and  how 
to  use  them.  Special  decorative  displays. 
Kinds  of  lights  and  lighting.  Getting  ef- 
fective illumination.  Displayers. 


Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


No  study  dates  further  back  or  is  richer  in  history  than  the  law.  In  fact, 
civilization  itself  rests  on  law.  If  a man  were  living  apart  from  every 
other  human  being  he  might  get  along  without  law,  except  the  law  of 
God.  But  relationships  with  other  human  beings  and  the  complex  fabric  of 
civilization  create  the  need,  not  only  for  municipal,  state,  and  Federal  laws,  but 
law  between  the  nations  of  the  world,  known  as  “international  law.” 

The  advance  of  civilization  has  broadened  the  study  and  practice  of  law. 
A century  ago  the  term  “corporation  lawyer”  would  have  been  almost  mean- 
ingless. Today,  corporation  or  business  practice  has  become  a specialty.  So 
has  patent  practice.  The  lawyer  specializing  on  estate  administration,  or  the 
collection  of  accounts,  has  become  a familiar  figure. 

There  are  many  other  specialties — mining;  maritime;  goodwill,  trademarks, 
and  unfair  competition;  pensions,  etc.  Even  the  courts  specialize,  as  is  evi- 
denced today  by  such  departments  as  those  dealing  with  juveniles  and  domestic 
relations. 

Not  only  has  the  law  greatly  broadened  as  a profession,  but  various 
groups  of  business  men  have  seen  that  a knowledge  of  the  law  that  relates  to 
their  particular  work  is  essential  in  order  that  they  may  act  prudently.  Real 
estate  men,  credit  men,  sales  managers,  insurance  men,  accountants,  bookkeep- 
ers, secretaries,  treasurers,  stenographers,  advertising  men,  and  men  in  dozens 
of  other  groups  need  a fair  knowledge  of  the  general  law,  or  a thorough  knowl- 
edge of  some  specialty  in  order  to  perform  their  duties  efficiently.  Consequently 
the  study  of  law  is  being  taken  up  by  an  increasing  number  of  men  besides 
those  who  wish  to  be  professional  attorneys.  Today  it  is  evidence  of  a man’s 
foresight  if  he  has  fortified  his  other  education  with  legal  knowledge. 


Instruction  in  Law 

The  head  of  the  Law  Department,  G.  W.  Ray,  Jr.,  LL.B.,  M.A.,  is  par- 
ticularly well  fitted  for  the  position  he  holds.  He  is  thoroughly  versed  in  all 
the  modern  practices  of  the  law.  Assisting  Mr.  Ray  in  the  instruction  work 
are  able  teachers,  who  are  fully  prepared  by  experience  and  study  to  give  the 
student  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  Law  that  will  prove  of  value. 


Business  Law 

(ColOx) 

No  one  has  a good  business  education  if  he  lacks  a reasonable  knowledge 
of  business  law.  Daily,  sometimes  almost  every  hour  of  the  day,  the  man  of 
business  engages  in  transactions,  or  performs  some  act  that  should  be  under- 
taken only  by  a person  with  legal  knowledge. 

When  we  make  out  or  receive  a check,  endorse  or  deposit  one,  we  have 
need  for  certain  legal  knowledge.  The  most  simple  letter  may  mean  undertaking 
a contract.  A thoughtless  word  or  act  may  mean  libel.  Thousands  of  accounts 
are  left  unprotected  because  someone  lacks  knowledge  of  the  laws  that  sur- 
round sales,  credits,  and  collections. 

The  man  who  has  studied  Business  Law  as  taught  in  this  course  will  be 
prepared  to  master  the  every-day  legal  problems  that  might  otherwise  destroy 
his  chances  for  success. 


Topics  Covered 

BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Formation  of  con- 
tracts. Agreemept.  Competent  parties.  Opera- 
tion and  discharge  of  contracts.  Assignment 
of  contracts.  Discharge  in  bankruptcy. 
Particular  Contracts  Concerning  Goods — Sales 
of  goods.  Duties  of  seller.  Duties  of  buyer. 
Bailment  of  goods.  Common  carriers  of  goods. 
Insurance  contracts. 


in  This  Course: 

Particular  Contracts  Concerning  Credits — 
Credits  and  loans.  Contract  of  guaranty. 
Kinds  of  negotiable  instruments.  Maker’s 
and  acceptor’s  contract.  Drawer’s  and  in- 
dorser’s contract. 

Conduct  of  Business  Through  Representative-^ 
Principal  and  agent.  Obligations  of  princi- 
pal and  agent  to  each  other.  Liability  of 


Big  Business  Calls  for  the  Law  Trained  Man 


40 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


principal  and  agent  to  third  parties.  Master 
and  servant. 

Business  Associations — Forms  of  conducting 
business.  Partnerships.  Joint  stock  com- 
panies. Corporations.  Definitions  and  classi- 
fication. Organization  and  powers.  Rights 
and  liabilities  of  stockholders. 


Property  in  Land  and  Movables — Estates  in 
real  property.  Land.  Relative  rights  of  ad- 
joining owners.  Mortgages  and  liens.  Land- 
lord and  tenant.  Personal  property.  Kinds 
and  estates.  Acquisition  and  transfer. 


Elementary  Law 

(La-lx) 

There  are  many  men  who  feel  the  need  of  more  knowledge  of  law  than  is 
contained  in  a good  business  law  course.  They  do  not  expect  to  undertake 
the  practice  of  law,  but  they  want  the  broad  grounding  that  comes  from  a 
knowledge  of  law  in  general.  Such  knowledge  becomes  of  great  value  to  the 
man  who  rises  to  an  executive  position. 

The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  therefore,  have  arranged  a separate  course 
that  is  an  ideal  combination  of  business  law,  including  all  that  the  Business 
Law  Course  contains,  and  a very  compact  and  well  rounded  review  of  the 
more  general  law. 

This  course  gives  the  student' an  excellent  grounding  in  civil  government, 
an  understanding  of  the  different  kinds  of  laws,  and  a knowledge  of  legal  rights 
in  general.  It  goes  into  criminal  law,  domestic  relations,  the  laws  governing 
real  and  personal  property,  legal  procedure,  contracts,  torts,  etc.  As  will  be 
seen  by  the  synopsis,  the  list  of  topics  is  very  comprehensive  for  a brief  course. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Preliminary  topics. 
Principles  of  the  contract.  Operation  and 
discharge  of  contracts.  Particular  contracts. 
Sales  of  goods.  Bailments.  Insurance.  Cred- 
its and  loans.  Negotiable  instruments.  Prin- 
cipal and  agent.  Partnerships.  Corporations. 
Real  property.  Personal  property. 


ELEMENTARY  LAW  (La-1) — Political  pow- 
ers. Sovereignty.  Classification  of  rights, 
powers,  duties,  privileges  and  conduct  in  re- 
gard thereto-  Different  kinds  of  law.  Law 
of  persons  and  things.  Corporations.  Prop- 
erty. Conduct.  Evidence.  Pleading.  Torts. 
Contracts.  Crimes  (in  a general  rather  than 
a technical  way). 


Complete  Law 

(La-2x) 

To  the  man  of  good  mentality,  law  as  a profession  is  often  most  attractive, 
because  the  position  of  the  lawyer  in  the  community  is  prominent.  His  pro- 
fession brings  him  into  contact  with  affairs  of  all  kinds  and  men  of  all  groups, 
up  to  the  most  eminent. 

The  study  of  law,  in  the  first  place,  is  a mental  developer.  Law  is  based  on 
order,  justice  and  reason.  It  calls  for  research,  for  analysis,  for  reasoning.  The 
successful  student  of  law  becomes  a student  of  habit.  He  soon  learns  to  delight 
in  delving  deeply  into  the  most  fundamental  principles  of  whatever  subject  he 
investigates.  Instead  of  jumping  to  conclusions,  he  forms  the  habit  of  looking 
for  facts  and  of  reasoning  things  out  to  safe  conclusions.  As  a result,  the  good 
lawyer  is  a man  of  balance,  a conservative,  a man  who  reflects  and  plans  his 
procedure. 

A large  proportion  of  the  men  within  the  walls  of  Congress  and  the  State 
Legislatures  have  been  lawyers;  also  most  of  the  Presidents  of  the  United 
States.  It  is  the  usual  thing  to  find  an  attorney  as  an  executive  of  a large 
business  organization.  His  services  are  in  constant  use  in  order  that  the  de- 
liberations and  acts  of  the  organization  may  be  on  a safe  basis. 

A young  man  could  hardly  have  a firmer  foundation  for  success  than  a 
good  knowledge  of  law,  whether  or  not  he  ever  practices  in  the  courts. 

This  course  covers  the  entire  field  of  law  as  shown  by  the  synopsis  below. 
This  knowledge  is  necessary  for  successful  practice  as  a consulting  attorney  or 
trial  lawyer,  no  matter  in  which  state  the  student  may  locate.  Upon  completion 
of  these  studies  he  should  have  no  difficulty  in  passing  all  examinations  in 
these  subjects. 

“Every  man  who  expects  to  achieve  substantial  success  in  the  business  or 

professional  world  should  be  legally  trained.” — Ex-President  William  H.  Taft 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


41 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Preliminary  topics. 
Principles  of  contract.  Operation  and  dis- 
charge of  contracts.  Particular  contracts. 
Sales  of  goods.  Bailments.  Insurance.  Cred- 
its and  loans.  Negotiable  instruments.  Prin- 
cipal and  agent.  Partnerships.  Corporations. 
Real  property.  Personal  property. 

ELEMENTARY  LAW  (La-1)— Political  pow- 
ers. Sovereignty.  Classification  of  rights, 
powers,  duties,  privileges  and  conduct  in  re- 
gard thereto.  Different  kinds  of  law.  Law 
of  persons  and  things.  Corporations.  Prop- 
erty. Conduct.  Evidence.  Pleading.  Torts. 
Contracts.  Crimes  (in  a general  rather  than 
a technical  %vay). 

CONTRACTS  (La-2) — General  principles  of 
contract  law.  Formation,  operation,  and  dis- 
charge of  contracts.  Damages  for  breach 
thereof.  Foundation  for  study  of  special  ap- 
plication of  contract  law’ — in  agency,  partner- 
ship, bailments,  negotiable  instruments,  etc., 
which  are  dealt  w’ith  in  other  lessons. 

CRIMINAL  LAW  (La-3) — Comprehensive 
view  of  criminal  law,  common  and  statutory. 
Its  historic  and  political  bearings, 

TORTS  (La-6) — Fundamental  differences  be- 
tween trespass  and  case.  Legal  cause.  Legal 
damage.  Assault.  Battery.  Conversions.  De- 
ceit. Defamation.  Injuries  caused  by  neg- 
ligence. Malicious  prosecution.  Examination 
of  the  increasing  numbers  of  instances  of 
absolute  liability. 

COMMON  LAW  PLEADING  {La-20)— Rela- 
tionship between  substantive  law  and  pro- 
cedure from  the  common  law  point  of  view, 
including  a thorough  examination  of  the 
forms  of  action  at  common  law  and  the 
principles  of  common  law  pleading. 

PROPERTY  I (La-5) — Possession.  Methods  of 
acquiring  title  to  chattels.  Liens  and  pledges. 
Conversion.  Tenure  of  real  property.  Estate 
of  tenancies.  Reversions  and  remainders. 
Common  law  methods  of  creating  and  trans- 
ferring estates.  Statute  of  uses.  Rights  in- 
cident to  ownership  of  estate  inland.  Fix- 
tures. Waste.  Profits.  Easements.  Licenses. 
Covenants  running  with  the  land. 

PERSONS  AND  DOMESTIC  RELATIONS 
(La-7) — Marriage.  Dissolution  of  marriage. 
Rights  of  husband  and  wife.  Infancy.  Par- 
ent and  child.  Guardian  and  ward.  Powers 
and  obligations  of  guardians.  Master  and 
servant.  Employer’s  liability  by  common  law 
and  by  status. 

EQUITY  AND  TRUSTS  (La-8) — Nature  and 
underlying  principles  of  ^uity,  their  growth 
and  development,  including  a discussion  of 
equitable  remedies.  Nature  of  a trust.  Its 
creation.  Relationship  and  duties  of  cestui 
and  trustee. 

AGENCY  (La-9) — Requisites  for  creation. 
Principal’s  liability  for  torts  of  the  agent. 
Responsibility  of  the  agent  to  third  persons. 
Undisclosed  principal.  Duties  of  principal 
and  agent.  Delegation  of  powers  by  the 
agent.  Ratification.  Termination  of  agency. 

PARTNERSHIP  (La-10) — Creation  of  a part- 


nership. Its  nature  anc.  characteristics.  Its 
duration.  Powers  of  partners.  Their  rights 
and  duties  inter  se.  Their  remedies  inter  se. 
Rights  and  remedies  of  creditors.  Termina- 
tion of  the  relation.  Limited  partnerships. 

PROPERTY  II  (La-12) — Full  treatment  of  the 
principles  of  the  lawr  of  real  property.  Rights 
in  another’s  land.  Accretion.  Adversive  pos- 
session. Prescription.  Conveyancing.  Estop- 
pel by  deed.  Dedication. 

SALES  (La-13) — Subject  matter  of  sale  of  per- 
sonal property.  Passing  of  title.  Use  of 
documents  of  sale.  Shipments.  Fraud.  Rights 
and  remedies  of  seller  and  purchaser. 

SURETYSHIP  (La-21) — Kinds  of  suretyship. 
Nature  of  the  contract.  Relation  of  the 
Statute  of  Frauds  to  suretyship  agree- 
ments. Surety’s  defenses.  Subrogation. 
Exoneration. 

CORPORATIONS  ( La-17) — General  principles 
of  corporations,  law,  including  the  corpora- 
tion’s relations  with  the  State,  its  promoters, 
its  stockholders,  and  its  creditors.  Selected 
text  and  case  books. 

MORTGAGES  (La-22) — Theories  as  to  mort- 
gages. Common  law  as  compared  wMth  lien 
theory.  Equitable  mortgages.  Rights  and 
liabilities  of  mortgagor,  mortgagee,  assignees 
and  other  parties  in  interest.  Priority  of 
liens.  Subrogation  and  exoneration.  Mar- 
shalling. Forms  of  mortgages. 

PROPERTY  III  (La-16) — Conditional  estates. 
Future  interests.  Reversions  and  remainder. 
Future  uses.  Executory  devised.  Determina- 
tion of  classes.  Powers.  The  rule  against 
perpetuities.  Selected  text  and  case  books. 

CONSTITUTIONAL  LAW  (La-14)~Legisla- 
tive,  executive  and  judicial  pow’ers.  Rela- 
tion of  Nation  and  States.  The  commerce 
clause.  Due  process  of  law.  Other  topics. 

CONFLICT  OF  LAWS  (La-15)~  Jurisdiction 
of  law  over  persons  and  things,  of  courts,  in 
rem,  in  personam,  quasi  in  rem,  and  for 
divoi’ce.  Creation  and  enforcement  of  for- 
eign rights.  Remedies.  Particular  classes  of 
rights.  Administration  of  estates. 

EVIDENCE  (La-11) — Judicial  notice.  Burden 
of  proof  and  presumptions.  Admissions  and 
confessions.  Character.  Opinion  evidence. 
The  hearsay  rule  and  its  exceptions.  Privi- 
leges and  disqualifications  of  witnesses.  Ex- 
amination of  witnesses. 

*TRIAL  PRACTICE  (La-23)— Pleadings  and 
procedure  in  the  trial  of  cases.  Process  of 
summoning  to  trial.  Means  of  bringing 
suit  in  law  and  in  equity.  Necessary  papers 
in  various  actions.  Process  of  appeal.  Ex- 
traordinary remedies.  Courts  and  jurisdic- 
tion. 

*CODE  PLEADING  (La-24)  — Modes  and 
means  of  trying  cases.  Various  forms  of 
action.  Joinder  of  parties,  and  declaratory 
judgments  in  the  code  states.  Papers  neces- 
sary in  practice  and  pleading. 

* Ofie  of  these  subjects  is  required.  The  selec- 
tion is  governed  by  the  locality  in  -which 
the  student  lives. 


Finds  Course  Revidy  Reference  on  Legal  Questions 

Your  Business  Law  course  is  valuable  to  the  layman.  With  this  knowledge,  consultation  with 
a lawyer  is  often  unnecessary,  and  when  such  advice  is  necessary  the  legal  points  are  more 
readily  understandable. 

I am  pleased  with  the  course  primarily  for  the  value  it  is  to  me  ; not  only  for  the  things 
one  remembers  from  a study  of  the  course,  but  the  ready  reference  the  text  and  returned 
lessons  afford.  One  may,  in  a few  moments,  with  this  information  at  hand,  look  up  legal 
questions  and  feel  sure  of  his  ground.  — S.  E.  McELWAIN,  Huntingdon,  Pa. 


7 Will  Study  and  Get  Ready  and  Maybe  My  Chance  Will  Come." — Lincoln 


IF  you  want  to  get  into  a profession  that  you  can  enjoy  as  your  life  work 
where  the  opportunities  for  advancement  and  large  salaries  are  limited 
only  by  ability  and  experience — study  Traffic  Management. 

Even  though  traffic  management  is  still  young  as  a profession,  its  great 
importance  to  the  successful  operation  of  business  has  created  an  ever-increas- 
ing demand  for  trained  men  that  far  exceeds  the  supply.  Few  fields  of  work 
offer  better  chances  for  progress. 

Over  half  a million  going  business  concerns  in  this  country  need  the  serv- 
ices of  the  trained  traffic  man  who  knows  how  to  cut  down  the  losses  of  time 
and  money  in  the  shipping  and  receiving  of  goods.  Thousands  of  traffic  men 
are  employed  in  the  pleasant,  congenial,  good-paying  work  of  directing  the 
traffic  over  the  260,000  miles  of  railroad  in  this  country.  Thousands  of  large 
concerns  and  many  more  smaller  concerns  have  desks  waiting  for  consulting 
traffic  managers  who  can  save  them  time  and  money  through  the  application 
of  technical  traffic  knowledge. 

Now  is  a good  time  for  you  to  go  ahead  of  the  other  fellow  by  getting  into 
this  profession  while  it  is  still  in  the  process  of  development.  Getting  in  on 
the  ground  floor  when  there  is  plenty  of  room,  and  growing  with  your  work, 
is  the  sure  way  to  success. 

The  past  ten  years  have  seen  traffic  work  develop  from  an  inferior  tool  in 
the  operation  of  business  to  a profession  of  importance.  Business  concerns 
over  the  country  have  awakened  to  the  realization  that  they  must  have  men 
in  charge  of  their  shipping  and  receiving  who  have  a broad  knowledge  of 
traffic  work.  The  increase  in  production  efficiency  has  only  served  to  increase 
this  demand.  Such  positions  are  not  small  confined  jobs,  but  are  real  jobs 
for  he-men  with  brains  and  ambition. 

Builders  of  the  Traffic  Management  Courses 

The  active  head  of  the  Traffic  Management  Department,  and  author  of 
these  courses,  Mr.  Charles  F.  Walden,  is  a practical  traffic  man  of  broad  ex- 
perience which  covers  a period  of  over  30  years.  He  was  actively  engaged  in 
the  Freight  Traffic  Depai’tment  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  for  years,  and 
subsequently  as  President  of  one  of  New  York  City’s  largest  freight  forwarding 
companies.  In  addition  to  his  own  understanding  of  transportation  Mr.  Walden 
has  drawn  upon  the  knowledge  and  experience  of  a number  of  America’s  fore- 
most traffic  managers  in  building  the  text  books 
and  special  reading  assignments  which  accompany 
the  lessons.  The  names  of  these  men  with  their 
positions  in  the  business  world  are  listed  below: 

F.  T.  Bentley,  Traffic  Manager,  Illinois  Steel  Corporation. 

J.  H.  Butler,  General  Manager,  Loss  and  Damage  Dept., 
American  Rail-aiay  Express  Company. 

T.  T.  Harkrader,  Traffic  Manager,  American  Tobacco  Co. 

C.  L.  Hilleary,  Traffic  Manager,  F.  IT.  IToolworth  Company. 

B.  Olney  Hough,  Editor,  The  American  Exporter. 

R.  J.  Menzies,  General  Traffic  Manager,  International  Nickel 
Company. 

\Vm.  Simmons,  General  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent,  Southern 
Pacific  Company. 

G.  Burt  Zimmerman,  Secretary  and  General  Manager,  Columbia 
CHARLES  F,  WALDEN  Refining  Company. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


43 


Transportation 

(TM-lx) 

Every  man  engaged  in  the  shipping  or  receiving  of  freight  should  under- 
stand the  fundamentals  of  transportation  and  how  a traffic  department  is  or- 
ganized for  greatest  efficiency.  To  accomplish  this  he  must  be  familiar  with 
all  the  agencies  of  transportation,  the  method  by  which  it  is  regulated,  the 
documents  required,  the  various  kinds  of  cars  and  the  actual  movement  of 
freight.  He  should  know  the  rules  of  the  Consolidated  Classification  and  also 
the  rule®  governing  demurrage  and  storage,  lighterage  and  switching,  diversion 
and  reconsignment. 

This  course  gives  instruction  in  all  the  fundamental  principles  governing 
transportation,  preparing  the  student  to  become  a competent  shipping  man. 


Topics  Covered 

FUNDAMENTALS  OF  TRANSPORTATION 
(TM-1).  Organized  traffic  department.  De- 
velopment of  transportation  and  its  regula- 
tion. Modern  transportation  agencies.  Ship- 
ping papers.  Freight  cars.  Weights  and 
weighing.  Actual  movement  of  freight,  both 


in  This  Course: 

inbound  and  outbound.  Shipping  and  re- 
ceiving departments.  Routing.  Demurrage 
and  storage.  Lighterage  and  switching.  Di- 
version and  reconsignment.  Freight  classi- 
fication. Interpretation  of  classification 
rules. 


Tariffs  and  Rates 

(TM-2x) 

A knowledge  of  tariffs  and  the  method  of  determining  rates  is  necessary 
in  the  operation  of  a traffic  department.  The  Tariff  is  the  “price  list”  of  trans- 
portation. The  charges  applicable  to  a given  movement  are  stated  in  a clear, 
concise  way.  There  is  no  better  way  to  learn  the  correct  interpretation  of 
tariffs  than  by  working  out  the  actual  problems  in  these  lessons. 

This  course  instructs  the  student  in  classifications  and  actual  tariffs  and 
how  to  interpret  them.  It  enables  the  student  to  understand  tariff  construction 
so  that  he  may  apply  his  knowledge  in  a workable  manner. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


TARIFF  INTERPRETATION.  AND  RATE 
CONSTRUCTION  (TM-2).  Tariff  construc- 
tion. Rate  factors.  Rate  construction.  De- 
termination of  rates  applicable.  Differen- 
tials and  combination  rates.  Proportional 


rates.  Local  tariff  and  exception  sheet.  Lo- 
cal, joint,  proportional,  class  and  commod- 
ity tariffs.  Selecting  tariffs  applicable,  and 
determining  rates. 


Claims  and  Transportation  Law 

(TM-3x)  * 

Next  to  the  traffic  manager,  the  most  important  man  in  a traffic  depart- 
ment is  the  assistant  in  charge  of  claims.  To  handle  this  work  requires  an 
intelligent  understanding  of  transportation  and  a technical  knowledge  of  rates 
and  all  the  elements  that  enter  into  the  movement  of  freight.  He  must  know 
all  about  the  express  and  parcel  post  service,  understand  transportation  law, 
and  be  qualified  to  appear  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  and 
present  a reparation  claim  in  the  correct  manner. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


EXPRESS  AND  PARCEL  POST:  CLAIMS 
AND  TRANSPORTATION  LAW  (TM-3). 
Overcharge.  Loss  and  damage  claims.  Value 
of  express  service.  Express  classification. 
Rates.  Claims.  Character  and  value  of  par- 


cel post  service.  Law  of  carriers  of  goo.ds. 
Interstate  Commerce  Act.  Interstate  Com- 
merce Commission  rulings.  Rules  of  prac- 
tice before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission. 


Cannot  Reckon  the  Benefit  of  His  Course  in  Dollars 

Enclosed  is  $10.00,  this  month’s  payment.  It  is  a pleasure  to  send  this  The  returns  I 
get  never  could  be  beught  for  so  little.  I could  not  reckon  the  benefit  in  dollars. 

—GEORGE  BREKUS,  Caldwell,  N.  J. 


Your  Ship  May  Not  Come  in  Unless  You  Have  Sent  One  Out 


44 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Ocean  Transportation 

(TM-4.X) 

great  war  opened  up  the  markets  of  the  world  to  America’s  products, 
he  countless  industrial  concerns,  as  well  as  the  exclusively  import  and  export 
ouses  engaged  in  formgn  trade,  must  have  men  thoroughly  experienced  in 
ocean  transportation.  These  positions,  due  to  their  importance,  pay  high  sal- 
aries and  offer  many  opportunities  for  growth.  The  knowledge  of  ocean  traf- 
fic IS  confined  to  so  few  men  that  the  demand  for  import  and  export  traffic 
men  far  exceeds  the  supply.  ^ 

This  course  gives  the  complete  understanding  of  the  subject  that  insures 
success  m a new  field,  as  yet  practically  untouched. 


Topics  Covered  in 

OCEAN  TRANSPORTATION  (TM-4).  The 
Export  Traffic  Manager,  qualifications  and 
duties.  United  States  Shipping  Act.  Steam- 
ship lines  and  routes.  Preparing  shipments. 
Packing  and  marking  export  shipments.  En- 
gaging ocean  freight  room.  Shipping  papers. 
Export  rates  from  points  in  the  United 
States.  Ocean  freight  rates.  Marine  insur- 


This  Course: 

ance.  Customs  house  clearance.  Trucking. 
Lighterage.  Storage  at  seaports.  Export  and 
steamship  bills  of  lading.  Shipments  by  rail 
from  interior  points.  Combination  shipments 
by  foreign  freight  forwarders.  Organization 
and  operation.  Import  freight.  Foreign  ex- 
press service  and  parcel  post. 


Domestic  Traffic  Management 

(TM-5x) 

To  supply  one  hundred  and  ten  million  people  with  needful  products  de- 
pends entirely  on  transportation  facilities.  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  business 
concerns  throughout  the  country  require  the  services  of  men  trained  in  Do- 
mestic Traffic  to  handle  efficiently  the  problems  of  their  shipping  and  receiving. 

Domestic  Traffic  is  well  taught  in  the  course,  giving  the  student  the  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  the  subject  that  will  prove  the  foundation  of  success. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


FUNDAMENTALS  OF  TRANSPORTATION 
(TM-1).  Organized  traffic  department.  De- 
velopment of  transportation.  Modern  trans- 
portation. Shipping  papers.  Freight  cars. 
Actual  movement  of  freight.  Shipping  and 
receiving  departments.  Routing.  Demurrage 
and  storage.  Lighterage  and  switching.  Di- 
version and  reconsignment.  Freight  classi- 
fications. Interpretation  of  classification  rules. 

TARIFF  INTERPRETATION  AND  RATE 
CONSTRUCTION  (TM-2).  Tariff  construc- 
tion. Rate  factors.  Rate  construction.  De- 


termination of  rates  applicable.  Differen- 
tials and  combination  rates.  Proportional 
rates.  Local  tariffs  and  exception  sheets. 

EXPRESS  AND  PARCEL  POST:  CLAIMS 
AND  TRANSPORTATION  LAW  (TM-3). 
Overcharge.  Loss  and  damage  claims.  Value 
of  express  service.  Express  classification. 
Rates.  Claims.  Parcel  post  service.  Law 
of  carriers  of  goods.  Interstate  Commerce 
Act.  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  rul- 
ings. Rules  of  practice  before  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission. 


Complete  Traffic  Management 

(TM-6x) 

Tlie  young  man  anxious  to  find  an  interesting,  congenial  profession  that 
will  offer  him  advancement  and  an  opportunity  to  earn  a good  income,  should 
study  Traffic  Management.  Shipping  clerks,  rate  clerks,  and  other  men  in 
traffic  departments  will  progress  faster  if  they  learn  Traffic  Management. 

This  course  teaches  every  phase  of  both  domestic  and  ocean  traffic  work. 
The  textbooks  used  are  up-to-the-minute  in  every  detail.  The  student  is  taught 
in  a practical  way  how  to  solve  problems  that  daily  confront  the  average 
traffic  man. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


FUNDAMENTALS  OF  TRANSPORTATION 
(TM-1).  Organized  traffic  department.  De- 
velopment of  transportation.  Modern  trans- 
portation. Shipping  papers.  Freight  cars. 
Actual  movement  of  freight.  Shipping  and 


receiving  departments.  Routing.  Demurrage 
and  storage.  Lighterage  and  switching.  Di- 
version and  reconsignment.  Freight  classi- 
fication. Interpretation  of  classification 
rules. 


Do  Not  Just  Look  On — Look  Ahead 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


15 


TARIFF  interpretation  AND  RATE 
CONSTRUCTION  (TM-2).  Tariff  construc- 
tion. Rate  factors.  Rate  construction.  De- 
termination of  rates  applicable.  Differen- 
tials and  combination  rates.  Proportional 
rates.  Local  tariff  and  exception  sheets.  Lo- 
cal. joint,  proportional,  class  and  commod- 
ity tariffs.  Selecting  tariffs  applicable. 

EXPRESS  AND  PARCEL  POST— CLAIMS 
AND  TRANSPORTATION  LAW  (TM-3). 
Overcharge.  Loss  and  damage  claims.  Value 
of  express  service.  Express  classification. 
Rates.  Claims.  Parcel  post  service.  Law  of 


carriers  of  goods.  Interstate  Commerce  Act. 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  rulings. 
Rules  of  practice  before  the  I.C.C. 

OCEAN  TRANSPORTATION  (TM-4).  Ex- 
port traffic  manager.  United  States  Ship- 
ping Act.  Steamship  lines  and  rates.  Pre- 
paring shipments.  Packing  and  marking 
export  shipments.  Engaging  ocean  freight 
room.  Shipping  papers.  Export  rates.  Ocean 
freight  rates.  Marine  insurance.  Customs 
house  clearance.  Foreign  freight  forwarders. 
Import  freight.  Foreign  express  service  and 
parcel  post. 


“Every  Great  Mercantile 
House  Must  Have  a 
Traffic  Manager^’ 

In  giving  his  views  on  Traffic  Management  in 
a recent  letter  to  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools, 
John  Wanamaker,  America’s  great  merchant, 
says  the  following : 

Every  great  mercantile  business, 
especially  every  great  distribut- 
ing house,  must  have  as  its  traffic 
manager  a well  trained  man  of  good 
common  sense  and  quick,  accurate 
judgment. 

“Traffic  management  is  one  of  the 
few  uncrowded  fields  of  business  and 
one  of  the  least  understood  by  both 
business  men  and  the  general  public. 
It  is  the  traffic  manager’s  business 
to  protect  his  firm  from  improper 
shipping  methods,  which  are  subject 
to  a heavy  fine  under  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  rulings. 

“It  is  his  business  to  have  goods 
moved  by  the  quickest  and  cheapest 
route,  to  be  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  packing  and  shipping  require- 


Let  Your  Vision  Reach  Further 
Than  P.ay  Day 

Prepare  for  the  job  ahead  by  studying- 
Traffic  Management 


When  Opportunity  Comes 
Be  Ready 

The  broad  knowledge  of  Traffic  Management 
gained  through  Y.M.C..\.  Courses,  coupled 
with  practical  experience  in  handling 
shipping  details  is  bringing  many 
young  men  success  in  this 
uncrowded  field. 

ments  and  to  be  able  to  classify  all 
kinds  of  merchandise;  to  secure  the 
lowest  rate  to  any  point  in  the  United 
States  or  foreign  countries. 

“He  should  know  the  rates  of  ex- 
change; how  to  get  in  touch  with  any 
foreign  steamship  line;  how  to  file 
claims  for  damage  with  all  supporting 
legal  papers;  how  to  have  commodity 
rates  established;  how  to  resist  ex- 
cessive rates;  and  to  bear  himself  so 
courteously  in  business  as  to  secure 
the  friendly  co-operation  of  transpor- 
tation officials. 

“The  old-time,  untrained  shipping 
clerk  was  often  a very  costly  servant 
to  the  business.  Nowadays  the  trained 
and  intelligent  traffic  manager  is  one 
of  the  most  important  factors  in  the 
economic  conduct  of  any  large  com- 
mercial establishment.” 


Release  Your  Abilities  from  Bondage 


/ 


COMMERCIAL  ART  STUDENTS'  LESSONS 
Show  Fine  Pen,  Pencil,  and  Color  Technique 


/t  RT  as  an  important  factor  in  the  commercial  world,  is  clearly  shown  by 
the  large  sums  that  are  paid  to  first-class  artists  for  their  work.  Adver- 
tising  agencies,  publishing  houses,  publicity  organizations,  manufactur- 
ers, wholesalers  and  retailers  are  utilizing  the  power  of  pictures  in  their 
advertising  and  illustrating.  Some  of  these  organizations  carry  permanent 
staffs  of  artists,  while  others  depend  on  the  free-lance  artist. 

A competent  artist  employed  by  a commercial  concern  receives  $50  to  $100 
a week  and  more.  Then,  with  the  improvement  in  his  creative  ability  and 
working  hnesse,  his  pay  increases  accordingly.  The  independent  artist  re- 
ceives a good  income  from  his  work,  and  in  this  wide-open  field  he  can  follow 
largely  his  own  inclinations  in  illustrating. 

Coles  Phillips,  whose  work  has  been  such  a selling  power  for  Community 
Silver;  Edw.  V.  Brewer,  whose  paintings  for  Cream  of  Wheat  have  brought 
happy  smiles  to  the  faces  of  a million  readers;  Maxfield  Parrish,  whose 
imaginative  poster  creations  for  The  Edison  Laboratories  have  excited  favor- 
able comment  and  admiration;  and  hundreds  of  others  equally  as  well  known, 
have  incomes  that  are  up  in  the  thousands. 

These  artists  at  one  time  knew  nothing  about  their  present  profession. 
They  had  to  learn  just  as  you  are  going  to  do.  Your  opportunities  to  rise 
in  this  profession  as  high  as  some  of  these  men  are  limited  only  by  your  own 
ability — it  rests  entirely  with  you  whether  you  remain  one  of  the  “also  rans” 
or  advance  to  a foremost  position  as  an  artist. 

Art  technique  as  taught  by  correspondence  through  the  United  Y.M.C.A. 
Schools  will  give  you  the  thorough,  practical  ti’aining  that  will  prepare  you  to 
enter  this  field.  Then  as  experience  gives  you  a broader  knowledge  of  art  and 
its  applications  and  develops  your  talent,  your  ability  to  apply  your  individ- 
uality will  open  new  avenues  of  expression  that  should  bring  increased  oppor- 
tunities for  success. 

Some  of  the  most  prominent  artists,  illustrators  and  cartoonists  are  help- 
ing to  make  these  art  courses  most  practical.  The  student  receives  the  benefit 
of  their  technical  knowledge,  gained  only  by  years  of  study  and  experience. 

The  Instructors 

Mr.  Frank  R.  Southard  is  in  charge  of  the  course.  He  has  studied  under 
William  Chase,  Thomas  Fogarty,  John  Carlson,  Edward  Dufner,  F.  Louis  Mora 
and  others  at  the  Art  Students’  League  of  New 
York,  the  Woodstock  School  of  Landscape  Painting, 

Cooper  Union,  Pratt  Institute  and  has  spent  many 
months  studying  in  Europe  on  travel  tours.  Mr. 

Southard  has  had  over  fifteen  years  of  experience 
in  newspaper  work  on  New  York  dailies,  depart- 
ment store  advertising  experience  and  catalog  work, 
illustrating  works  of  fiction,  text-books  and  mag- 
azines, developing  and  selling  ideas  to  some  of  the 
great  industrial  institutions  of  the  country. 

One  of  the  able  instructors  assisting  Mr. 

Southard  is  Eugene  M.  Frandzen,  who  has  studied 
at  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts  and  the  Art  Institute 
of  Chicago,  and  the  Art  Students’  League  of  New 
York.  His  experience  in  the  field  of  art  has  been 
broad.  He  has  spent  several  successful  years  in  ad- 
vertising and  newspaper  illustrating,  and  is  excep- 
tionally well  qualified  to  teach  these  subjects.  frank  r.  southard 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


48 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Natural  Talents  Developed  by  Unique  Instruction 

The  individual  native  abilitj'  of  each  student  is  developed  to  the  highest 
degree  of  perfection  by  our  unique  method  of  instruction.  As  the  student 
progresses  in  the  course  his  work  is  watched  carefully  to  ascertain  along  which 
line  his  talent  is  developing.  He  is  advised  as  to  his  ability  in  that  line,  which 
might  be  magazine  illustrating  or  cartooning,  for  example,  and  if  his  interest 
is  in  that  branch  of  art,  he  is  given  special  instruction  and  the  most  practical 
help  to  aid  him  in  realizing  his  ambition.  Our  aim  is  to  adapt  Y.M.C.A.  Cor- 
respondence Courses  to  the  desires  and  abilities  of  students  so  far  as  possible, 
rather  than  require  them  to  follow  rigid  methods  and  fixed  orders  of  study. 

Book  and  Magazine  Illustrating 

Every  year  the  presses  of  the  country  are  kept  humming,  turning  out 
more  and  more  books.  Most  of  them  are  illustrated,  especially  the  works  of 
fiction.  For  those  who  have  the  ability  to  draw,  this  is  an  interesting  and 
fascinating  field.  The  publishers  have  raised  the  standards  of  illustrating  to 
so  high  a degree  that  an  artist  must  have  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  funda- 
mental principles,  and  then  know  the  special  requirements  for  this  work. 

The  success  that  has  been  achieved  in  this  field  by  Thomas  Fogarty,  N.  C. 
Wyeth,  W.  T.  Benda,  C.  E.  Chambers  and  hundreds  of  other  well  known  illus- 
trators, is  open  to  every  young  person  of  ability  who  is  willing  to  work. 

Cover  Designing 

Every  book,  magazine  and  catalog  needs  a cover  design.  It  is  the  front  door 
to  the  contents  within.  Much  thought,  time,  and  expense  are  used  to  make  it 
as  attractive  as  possible.  For  the  beginner  who  has  a feeling  for  design,  dec- 
oration and  lettering.  Cover  Designing  will  be  intensely  interesting.  For  one 
already  busy  at  drawing  this  may  be  an  opportunity  to  try  his  hand  at  some- 
thing new,  or  possibly  a chance  to  enter  a more  remunerative  field. 

Neysa  McMien,  whose  beautiful  youthful  girls  that  you  see  on  the  cover 
of  the  Saturday  Evening  Post,  McClure’s  and  other  magazines;  Norman  Rock- 
well; Harrison  Fisher,  whose  ideal  well-knowm  poster  girl  appears  each  month 
on  the  Cosmopolitan  cover;  Montgomery  Flagg;  and  a host  of  others  are  known 
in  a million  homes  by  the  designs  they  have  created. 

Cartooning  and  Caricaturing 

Great  cartoonists  make  nations  laugh,  weep,  and  reform — a wonderful 
tribute  to  the  power  of  the  mind  and  ability  to  use  the  brush  and  pen  with 
skill — a power  that  is  a rare  gift. 

If  you  feel  that  you  can  express  in  line  drawing  the  more  subtle  thoughts 
and  opinions  of  everyday  life,  you  should  become  a cartoonist.  Such  topical 
cartoonists  as  Jay  N.  Darling  (“Ding”),  Cesare,  and  McCutcheon;  and  cari- 
caturists such  as  Bud  Fisher  with  his  “Mutt  and  Jeff,”  Clare  Briggs  with  his 
“Days  of  Real  Sport,”  and  McManus  with  his  “Bringing  up  Father,”  have 
exceptionally  attractive  incomes.  They  portray  a public  opinion  or  emotion 
so  that  the  reader  understands  it  instantly.  They  can  make  us  laugh  or  weep. 

It  may  be  that  your  talent  to  do  little  thumb-nail  sketches,  or  to  give  ex- 
pression in  pictures  of  your  thoughts,  and  make  people  smile,  may  be  latent 
ability  which  needs  but  the  proper  development  to  make  your  name  known 
throughout  the  world.  Nowadays  it  is  possible  for  an  artist  to  do  humorous 
work,  sell  it  to  a syndicate  and  then  get  it  turned  into  animated  motion  pictures. 

Newspaper  Illustrating 

The  demand  is  great  for  men  and  women  who  know  how  to  draw  for 
newspapers.  Our  training  will  help  a beginner  to  specialize  for  the  peculiar 
requirements  demanded  by  a newspaper.  The  work  is  thorough  and  compre- 
hensive. Court  sketching,  fashion  drawing,  assignment  sketches,  fiction  draw- 
ings, pen  portraits,  layouts  and  special  features  comprise  the  work  of  a news- 
paper artist.  Often  he  is  called  upon  to  visit  the  scene  of  an  accident,  wreck, 
prize  fight,  or  murder,  where  the  work  requires  ability,  skill  and  speed. 


By  Comparison  "Y"  Instruction  is  Best 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


49 


Commercial  Illustrating 

(CA-lx) 

Over  a thousand  periodicals  are  making  use  of  illustrations.  Millions  of 
dollars  are  spent  yearly  by  advertisers  to  picture  tlieir  products,  their  appli- 
ances, and  how  to  use  them.  Practically  every  book  published  has  one  or  more 
illustrations.  As  can  be  seen,  there  is  a great,  rich  field  of  opportunity  open 
to  the  clever  illustrator.  The  scarcity  of  men  and  women  expert  in  this  work 
makes  illustrating  a most  attractive  profession. 

In  this  course,  which  was  built  with  the  aid  of  some  of  the  best  known 
illustrators  in  the  country,  the  student  gets  a broad,  comprehensive  knowledge 
and  the  practice  necessary  to  give  him  a good  start  in  practical  work. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

COMMERCIAL  ILLUSTRATING  (GA-1)— Be- 


ginning to  Draw — Basic  structure  symbols 
of  all  drawings.  Triangle.  Square.  Circle. 
Outline  drawing.  Black  and  white  silhou- 
ettes. 

Light  and  Shade — Point  of  view.  Conventional 
ray.  General  methods  of  casting  shadows. 
Oblique  projection.  Similarity  of  shadows 
and  perspective.  Three-value  method. 

Object  Drawing — Proportions.  Details.  Per- 
spective. 

Group  Story  Idea — Objects  bearing  story  rela- 
tionship to  each  other.  Arrangement  com- 
position. Silhouette. 

Perspective — Vanishing  points.  Cone  of  vision. 
Linear.  Curve-linear.  Parallel.  Angular.  Im- 
portance and  use. 

Pen  Drawing — Style.  Materials  used.  Tech- 
nique and  control.  Tone.  Still  life.  Value, 
texture,  color.  Ambience. 

Wash  Drawing — Materials  used.  Colors.  Still 
life  and  nature  sketching.  Composition.  Im- 
portance of  tone.  Wash  drawings.  Finished 
drawings.  Contemporary  work. 

Color — Spectrum.  Theory  of  color.  Harmony. 
Psychology  of  color.  Application.  Water 
colors  and  oils.  Poster  colors. 

Tempera  Drawing. 

Lettering — History  of  lettering.  Elements. 
Plain.  Decorative.  Ornamental. 

Design  and  Decoration — Theory  and  practical 
treatments.  Textures  and  lines.  Application 
of  ideas.  Border  treatments.  Headings. 
Book  covers. 

Composition — Line.  Form.  Values.  Light. 
Shade.  Arrangement  of  ideas,  objects  and 
groups.  Pictorial.  Advertisements.  Design. 
Theory  and  practical  application. 

Magazine,  Book  and  Fiction  Illustrating — The- 
ory. Practical  application.  Black  and  white, 
wash  tempered,  oils  and  color.  Use  of  mod- 
els. Story  ideas.  Value  of  style  and  tech- 
nique. Method  of  reproductions. 


IllustratioBS  for  Advertisemerts — Mediums. 

Styles.  Methods.  Reproductions.  Varied 
forms. 

Drawing  from  Life — Costume,  draped  figure. 
Black  and  white.  Color.  Pencil.  Pen.  Brush. 
Oils,  water  colors,  and  wash  tempers.  Fa- 
cial expressions.  Portraits,  oil,  pen,  and 
wash.  Animal  sketching.  Retouched  photos. 
Proportions.  Anatomy.  Life. 

Fashion  Illustrating — Wash.  Line.  Color.  Use 
and  application. 

Cast  Drawing — Value  of  practice.  Treatments. 
Charcoal.  Pen  and  ink.  Color.  Fixing  di-aw- 
ings. 

Cover  Design — Booklets.  Magazines.  Blotters. 
Folders.  Cutouts.  Posters. 

Interiors — Perspective.  Layouts.  Design.  Archi- 
tectural use  of  elements.  Renderings  in  pen 
and  ink.  Brush  colors  and  oils. 

Drawing  from  Nature — Landscapes.  Fore- 
ground. Middle  distance.  Horizon.  Planes 
and  uprights.  Sky.  Day.  Night. 

Newspaper  Woik — Drawings  from  photos.  Pen 
sketches.  Crayon.  Charcoal.  Lithographic 
pencils.  Ross  board.  Court-room  sketches. 
Accidents.  Portraits.  News  illustrations. 
Cartoons.  Comics.  Jokes,  Sports.  Layouts  and 
designs.  Silverprints. 

Cartooning  and  Caricaturing — Classes  of  car- 
toons. Caricaturing.  Comics  and  jokes.  Pen 
and  ink.  Colored  newspaper  drawings. 
Retouching — Air-brush  work.  Mechanical.  Line. 
Wash.  Special  treatment.  Ross  board.  Ink. 
Crayon.  Pencil.  Benday  tints. 

Processes  of  Reproduction — Modern  methods. 
Cuts.  Half-tone.  Line.  Various  types.  How 
to  prepare  a drawing.  Marking  proper  size. 
Paper.  Printing.  Copyrighting  pictures. 

How  to  Sell  a Drawing — Selling  by  mail.  Sell- 
ing by  agents.  Personal  interviews.  Art 
editors.  Managers.  Advertising  managers. 
Advertising  agencies.  Engraving  houses. 


Art  as  an  Adjunct 

Even  if  one  lacks  sufficient  natural  talent  to  become  a professional,  highly 
paid  illustrator,  the  ability  to  draw  is  worth  a great  deal.  For  instance,  if  the 
mechanical  draftsman  is  able  to  do  certain  freehand  work,  can  show  per- 
spective views  and  work  up  other  sketches,  his  usefulness  is  greatly  increased. 

The  advertising  man  who  is  able  to  lay  out  a suggested  advertisement 
graphically  can  secure  orders,  which  otherwise  he  is  not  likely  to  get.  The 
printer  who  can  fix  up  a dummy  of  a booklet  or  catalog  by  even  roughly 
sketching  in  illustrations,  color  treatment,  etc.,  will  often  find  this  the  most 
effective  way  of  securing  orders  and  building  up  a profitable  trade. 


In  the  Long  Run  Trained  Heads  Win 


Drafting  is  one  of  the  most  attractive  lines  of  work.  The  opportunities 
for  growth,  which  at  all  times  are  open  to  the  draftsman  with  energy 
and  ability,  are  sufficient  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  the  most  ambitious. 
The  important  place  that  drafting  holds  in  commerce  to-day  is  illustrated  by 
the  fact  that  nearly  everything  constructed  by  the  hand  of  man  is  first  worked 
out  in  detail  by  a draftsman.  Every  building  first  comes  into  definite  shape 
under  his  trained  hand;  each  detail  being  figured  to  the  thousandth  of  an  inch. 
Then  the  engineers  follow  these  drawings  until  the  last  nail  is  driven  and  the 
building  completed.  The  automobile,  every  piece  of  machinery,  and  a hundred 
and  one  other  articles  that  are  in  every-day  use,  yeach  the  point  of  perfect  con- 
struction only  after  the  details  have  been  worked  out  on  a drawing  board. 

The  draftsman  from  his  important  place  in  the  business  world  finds  op- 
portunities in  many  directions.  He  may  rise  to  a position  of  construction  en- 
gineer, designer,  contractor  or  one  of  the  many  other  professions  connected 
with  building.  The  majority  of  the  most  successful  construction  men,  contract- 
ors and  designers,  started  their  upward  climb  from  the  position  of  draftsman. 

You  do  not  have  to  contend  with  many  of  the  disagreeable  duties  of  the 
average  worker  when  employed  as  a draftsman.  As  a creator  of  ideas  you 
are  respected.  Your  work,  which  is  always  changing  in  nature,  never  becomes 
monotonous.  You  are  associated  with  men  of  importance — architects,  promot- 
ers of  residential  districts,  manufacturing  plant  engineers  and  others  who, 
noting  your  ability,  are  likely  to  offer  you  opportunities  to  advance  further. 

Like  all  other  professional  men,  draftsmen  have  to  begin  at  a very  moder- 
ate salary,  between  $35  and  $50  a week.  As  soon  as  you  show  ability  your 
pay  will  increase.  There  are  a great  many  draftsmen  earning  from  $60  to 
$125  a week.  The  opportunities  for  increased  income  beyond  that  point  depend 
entirely  on  your  own  ability  and  energy.  There  is  no  set  limit. 

Our  methods  of  teaching  do  not  determine  how  fast  or  how  slow  a student 
shall  complete  his  studies.  That  depends  entirely  upon  you.  The  one  main 
advantage  in  studying  drafting  is,  that  a great  deal  of  preliminary  training 
or  education  is  not  as  necessary  as  it  is  in  many  other  lines  of  work.  You 
waste  no  time,  but  immediately  start  learning  the  business  of  drawing. 

Instruction  Service 

The  Head  of  the  Drawing  Department  is  Frederick  W.  Ming,  who  was 
formerly  Mechanical  Engineer  for  the  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission,  Tool  Designer  for  the  Mer- 
genthaler  Linotype  Co.;  Tool  Designer  for  the 
Standard  Steel  Car  Company;  Tool  Checker  for 
the  Wright-Martin  Aircraft  Corporation;  Efficiency 
Engineer  for  the  Ithaca  Gun  Company;  during 
the  war  he  was  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Davenport 
Manufacturing  Company _ (U.  S.  plant  making  240 
mm.  howitzers).  For  several  years  he  has  been 
Instructor  of  Mechanical  Engineering  at  the  Brook- 
lyn Polytechnic  Institute.  He  is  also  a member  of 
tiie  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers  and 
the  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Engineering  Edu- 
cation. Mr.  Ming  is  as.sisted  by  fifteen  specialists 
who  are  experts  in  their  own  particular  branch  of 
drawing.  Every  student  is  given  the  benefit  of  the 
help  and  advice  which  the  combined  experience  of 
FREDERICK  w.  MING  these  Specialists  makes  possible. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


51 


Architectural  Drawing 

(Ar-14x) 

A more  advanced  course  in  Architectural  Drawing,  especially  designed  to 
give  a general  training  in  the  elementary  mathematics  and  drawing  required 
by  the  junior  draftsman  in  an  architect’s  or  builder’s  office,  and  to  train  the 
contractor  to  make  his  own  drawings  and  details. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

ESSENTIAtS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 


metrical drawing.  Drawing  instiaiments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthograph- 
ic projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  In- 
tersection of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique 
projection. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consider- 
ations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  which  will  be  necessary 
in  order  to  deal  with  the  formulas  and  equa- 
tions that  occur  later  in  the  course.  Graphs 
and  how  to  make  them. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWING  (Ar-16)— 
Sketch  plans.  Architectural  symbols.  Stair- 
way circulation.  Working  drawings  of  a 
brick  house.  Working  drawings  of  a frame 
house.  Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Sections. 
Scale  and  full-size  de+ails.  Analysis  of  sev- 
eral existing  drawings. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications, 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  el- 
liptical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angu- 
lar perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspec- 
tive renderings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of 
line.  Building  sketches.  Landscape  compo- 
sition. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 

ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)— Per- 
spective representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  hori- 


zontal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and 
elevations  of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height 
line.  Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Meas- 
uring point  method.  Practical  methods. 

THE  CLASSIC  ORDERS  (Ar-15)— General 
proportions.  Profile  of  mouldings.  Tuscan 
order.  Doric  order.  Ionic  order.  Corinthian 
order.  Comparison  of  orders.  Parapets  and 
balustrades.  Doors  and  windows.  Colonades. 
Arcades.  Superposition.  Modern  applications 
of  the  classic  orders. 

SHADES  AND  SHADOWS  (Ar-14)— Point  of 
view.  Conventional  ray.  Similarity  of  shad- 
ows and  perspective.  Shadows  of  circle. 
Shadows  of  straight  lines.  Shades  and  shad- 
ows of  spheres.  General  methods  of  casting 
shadows.  Oblique  projection.  Circumscril^ 
ing  surfaces.  Au.xiliary  shadows.  Slicing 
method.  Practical  applications.  Shades  and 
shadows  of  cones.  Shades  and  shadows  of 
cylinders.  Miscellaneous  problems.  Shades 
and  shadows  of  the  classic  orders. 

WATER  COLOR  RENDERING— (Ar-18)— 
Rendering  architectural  subjects.  Materials 
used.  Method  of  using  materials.  (Colors. 
Still  life  and  nature  sketching.  Elementary 
problem  in  monotone.  Commencing  a water 
color  sketch.  Elementary  problems  in  colors. 
Difficulties  encountered.  Composition  in  land- 
scape. Composition  applied  to  architectural 
subjects.  The  silhouette.  Painting  from  na- 
ture. Difficulties  in  working  from  nature. 
The  importance  of  tone.  Foliage  in  trees. 
Clouds  and  skies.  Architectural  problems. 
Architectural  shades  and  shadows  in  mono- 
tone. Wash  drawings.  Finished  drawing. 
Contemporary  work. 

PEN  DRAWING  (Ar-17) — Style.  Limitations 
of  the  pen.  Materials  used.  Technique  and 
control.  Tone.  Still  life.  Shadows.  Values, 
texture  and  color.  Preliminary  sketch.  Ele- 
mentary composition.  Simple  renderings. 
Foliage.  Figures.  Water  and  douds.  Practical 
problems.  Architectural  drawing.  Aerial  per- 
spective. Ambience.  Criticism  of  contempo- 
rary work. 


Elementary  Architectural  Drawing 

(Ar-13x) 

This  elementary  course  in  Architectural  Drawing  is  planned  to  enable  the 
student  to  qualify  for  advancement  by  becoming  proficient  in  the  use  of  math- 
ematics and  elementary  drawing.  The  knowledge  of  elementary  drawing  is 
an  asset  to  anyone,  whether  or  not  he  intends  to  become  an  architect.  It  is 
of  value  to  the  carpenter,  mason,  contractor,  or  worker  in  the  building  trades. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthograph- 
ic projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  In- 
tersection of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique 
projection. 


All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consider- 
ations emphasized  throughout. 


By  Comparison  "Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


52 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  havinK  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWING  (Ar-16)— 
Sketch  plans.  Architectural  symbols.  Stair- 
way circulation.  Working  drawings  of  a 
brick  house.  Working  drawings  of  a frame 
house.  Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Sections. 
Scale  and  full-size  details.  Analysis  of  sev- 
eral existing  drawings. 

*ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 

* Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 


with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications, 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  el- 
liptical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular 
perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective 
renderings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 


LESSON  PLATES  IN  ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWING  COURSE 
Students  Quickly  Master  These  Lessons 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


63 


Architectural  Design 

(Ar-lx) 

To  the  student  who  is  artistically  inclined,  this  course  is  recommended. 
The  course  is  ai’ranged  to  prepare  the  student  as  an  architectural  draftsman 
or  designer.  It  is  an  advanced  course,  complete  in  the  general  subjects  of 


architectural  design. 

Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical  drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthograph- 
ic projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  In- 
tersection of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  obliQue 
projection. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost, 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consider- 
ations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  Plane 
Surfaces  and  Solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

^TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWING  (Ar-16)— 
Sketch  plans.  Architectural  symbols.  Stair- 
way circulation.  Working  drawings  of  a 
brick  house.  Working  drawings  of  a frame 
house.  Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Sections. 
Scale  and  full-size  details.  Analysis  of  sev- 
eral existing  drawings. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  el- 
liptical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angu- 
lar perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective 
renderings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of  lines. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 

ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)  — 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  hori- 
zontal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and 
elevations  of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height 
line.  Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Meas- 
uring point  method.  Practical  methods. 

THE  CLASSIC  ORDERS  (Ar-15)— General 
proportions.  Profile  of  mouldings.  Tuscan 
order.  Doric  order.  Ionic  order.  Corinthian 
order.  Comparison  of  orders.  Parapets  and 
balustrades.  Doors  and  windows.  Colon- 
nades. Arcades.  Superposition.  Modern  appli- 
cations of  the  classic  orders. 


* Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 


in  This  Course: 

SHADES  AND  SHADOWS  (Ar-14)— Point  of 
view.  Conventional  ray.  Similarity  of  shad- 
ows and  perspective.  Shadows  of  circle. 
Shadows  of  straight  line.  Shades  and  shad- 
ows of  spheres.  General  methods  of  casting 
shadows.  Oblique  projection.  Circumscrib- 
ing surfaces.  Auxiliary  shadows.  Slicing 
method.  Practical  applications.  Shade  and 
shadows  of  cones.  Shade  and  shadows  of 
cylinders.  Miscellaneous  problems.  Shades 
and  shadows  of  the  classic  orders. 

HISTORY  OF  ARCHITECTURE  (Ar-1)— Pre- 
historic. Egyptian.  Western  Asiatic.  Greek. 
Roman.  Early  Christian.  Byzantine.  Ro- 
manesque. Gothic.  Renaissance.  Colonial. 
American.  Non-historic. 

ORNAMENT  (Ar-19) — Assyrian.  Grecian.  Ro- 
man. Early  Christian.  Byzantine.  Roman- 
esque. Gothic.  Renaissance.  Non-historic. 

ADVANCED  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-11)— Planes. 
Vanishing  points  of  lines.  Vanishing  points 
of  inclined  lines.  Various  kinds  of  planes. 
Vanishing  jjlanes.  Vertical  planes.  Ascend- 
ing planes.  Descending  planes.  Inclined 
planes.  Oblique  planes.  Shadows.  Reflec- 
tions. General  problems. 

WATER  COLOR  RENDERING  (Ar-18)— 
Rendering  architectural  subjects.  Materials 
used.  Methods  of  using  materials.  Colors. 
Still  life  and  nature  sketching.  Elementary 
problems  in  colors.  Difficulties  encountered. 
Composition  in  landscape.  Composition  ap- 
plied to  architectural  subjects.  The  silhou- 
ette. Painting  from  nature.  ' Difficulties  in 
working  from  nature.  The  importance  of 
tone.  Foliage  and  trees.  Clouds  and  skies. 
Architectural  problems.  Architectural  shades 
and  shadows  in  monotone.  Wash  drawings. 
Finished  drawings.  Contemporary  work. 

PEN  DRAWING  (Ar-17) — Style.  Limitations 
of  the  pen.  Materials  used.  Technique  and 
control.  Tone.  Still  life.  Shadows.  Values, 
texture  and  color.  Preliminary  sketch.  Ele- 
mentary composition.  Simple  renderings. 
Foliage.  Figues.  Water  and  clouds.  Practical 
problems.  Architectural  drawing.  Aerial 
perspective.  Skies.  Ambience.  Criticism  of 
contemporary  work. 

HOUSE  PLANNING  (Ar-20) — Practical  prob- 
lems in  planning  city  and  country  resi- 
dences, schools,  churches,  banks,  clubs  and 
the  like. 

INTERIOR  DECORATION  (Ar-21)— Form  of 
room.  Elevational  composition.  Doorways, 
windows,  fire-places,  stairways  and  the  like. 
Color.  Wood  finishing.  Details.  Hangings. 
Furnishings.  Lighting. 

ARCHITECTURAL  COMPOSITION  (Ar-2)— 
Standard  of  ' taste.  What  architecture  is. 
Unity.  Individuality.  Similarity.  Subordi- 
nation. Analysis  of  buildings.  Primary 
masses.  Secondary  masses.  Details.  Hori- 
zontal division.  Proportion.  Contrast.  Prac- 
tical applications.  Asymmetrical  composi- 
tions. Flexibility  of  types.  Comparison  and 
criticism. 


What  Sculpture  is  to  a Block  of  Marble,  Education  is  to  a Human  Soul.” — Addison 


54 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Structural  Drafting 

(Dr-22x) 

Stnictural  steel  engineers  generally  begin  their  upward  climb  by  way  of 
the  drafting  room.  The  demand  for  competent  structural  draftsmen  usually 
exceeds  the  supply.  As  a result  there  are  many  attractive  opportunities  for  the 
man  who  has  ambition  and  the  necessary  training. 

This  course  covers  thoroughly  all  the  information  that  the  structural  de- 
tailer  should  have  at  his  command.  The  student,  after  completing  his  course, 
should  be  able  to  execute  his  work  in  a way  that  will  attract  the  favorable  at- 
tention of  those  by  whom  he  is  employed. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  let- 
tering. Projections.  Developments  and  inter- 
sections of  surfaces.  Pictorial  representa- 
tion. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  iticluding 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessaiT  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 


engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

STRUCTURAL  DRAFTING  (CE-16)— Shop 
drawings  for  structural  steel  details,  bridges 
and  buildings.  * 

General  Principles — Definitions.  Study  meth- 
ods. Plate  layouts.  Illustration  of  beam 
drawings.  Elementary  steel  shapes  and 
standard  connections.  Miscellaneous  details. 

Shop  Drawings — Dimensioning  beams  and 
channels.  Laying  out  connections,  by  gusset 
plates,  by  lateral  plates  and  by  bent  plates, 
with  reference  to  clearance,  bevels  and  edge 
distances.  Drawings  for  plate  girders,  roof 
trusses  and  columns.  Drawings  for  mill 
buildings.  Drawings  for  bridge  trusses. 
Checking  and  correcting  drawings. 

Billing — Bills  of  material.  Shop  bills.  Ship- 
ping bills.  Miscellaneous  drawings  and  lists. 


Architectural  Rendering 

(Ar-17x) 

This  course  is  prepared  to  train  anyone  in  the  architectural  field  who 
desires  to  portray  his  designs  by  means  of  freehand  pencil  drawings,  pen-and- 
ink  drawings,  or  water-color  drawings. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  u.ses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthograph- 
ic projection.  Isometric  and  oblique  projec- 
tion. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

’GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations.  prob- 
lems, and  calculations  having  to  do  with 
plane  surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas 
and  the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic 
methods. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13) — Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
» and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  ellipti- 
cal objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular  per- 
spective. Object  drawing.  Perspective  render- 


*Optioml, {See  Page  12.) 


ings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line.  Building 
sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 

ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)— 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  hori- 
zontal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and 
elevations  of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height 
line.  Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Meas- 
uring point  method.  Practical  methods. 

SHADES  AND  SHADOWS  (Ar-14)— Point  of 
view.  Conventional  ray.  Similarity  of  shad- 
ows and  perspective.  Shadows  of  a circle. 
Shadows  of  straight  lines.  Shades  and  shad- 
ows of  spheres.  General  methods  of  casting 
shadows.  Oblique  projection.  Circumscrib- 
ing surfaces.  Auxiliary  shadows.  Slicing 
method.  Practical  applications.  Shades  and 
shadows  of  cones.  Shades  and  shadows  of 


You  Profit  Best  By  Study 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


55 


cylinders.  Miscellaneous  problems.  Shades 
and  shadows  of  classic  orders. 

WATER-COLOR  RENDERING  (Ar-18)— Ren- 
dering architectural  subjects.  Materials  used. 
Methods  of  using  materials.  Colors.  Still 
life  and  nature  sketching.  Elementary  prob- 
lem in  colors.  Commencing  a water-color 
sketch.  Elementary  prob’em  in  monotone. 
Commencing  a water-color  sketch.  Elemen- 
tary problem  in  colors.  Difficulties  encoun- 
tered. Composition  in  landscape.  Composi- 
tion applied  to  architectural  subjects.  The 
silhouette.  Painting  from  nature.  Difficul- 


ties in  working  from  nature.  The  importance 
of  tone.  Foliage  and  trees.  Clouds  and  skies. 
Architectural  problems.  Architectural  shades 
and  shadows  in  monotone.  Wash  drawings. 
Finished  drawing.  Contemporary  work. 

PEN  DRAWING  (Ar-17)— Style.  Limitations 
of  the  pen.  Materials  used.  Technique  and 
control.  Tone.  Still  life.  Shadows.  Values, 
texture  and  color.  Preliminary  sketch.  Ele- 
mentary composition.  Simple  renderings. 
Foliage.  Figures.  Water  and  clouds.  Prac- 
tical problems.  Architectural  drawing.  Aer- 
ial perspective.  Skies.  Ambience.  Criticism 
of  contemporaiy  work. 


Freehand  Drawing 

(Ar-15x) 

An  elementary  course  in  Freehand  Drawing  that  will  qualify  the  student 
to  make  sketches  of  still-life  objects,  buildings,  landscapes,  and  the  like. 
Every  person  engaged  in  any  kind  of  architectural  or  building  profession 
must  know  how  to  draw  or  sketch  ideas  or  objects  quickly  and  accurately. 


Sub  jects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-22)— Draw- 
ing  instruments  and  materials  and  their 
uses.  Use  of  lines.  Tracing.  Geometrical 
problems.  Conic  sections — ellipse,  parabola, 
hyperbola. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instru77ients,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

♦GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 


in  This  Course: 

and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  ellip- 
tical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular 
perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective  ren- 
derings. Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 
FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles.  * 

ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)  — 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  horizon- 
tal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and  eleva- 
tions of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height  line. 
Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Measuring 
point  method.  Practical  methods. 


Pen  Drawing 

(Ar-16x) 

An  elementary  course  in  freehand  drawing  that  teaches  the  student  to 
make  sketches  of  still-life  objects,  buildings,  landscapes  and  the  like  in  ink. 
An  especially  advantageous  course  for  the  architectural  student  who  wishes  to 
render  perspectives  and  other  sketches  in  ink. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-22)— Draw- 
ing  instruments  uni  materials  and  their 
uses.  Use  of  lines.  Tracing.  Geometrical 
problems.  Conic  sections — ebipse,  parabola, 
hyperbola. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost, 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1 )— Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

♦GEOMETRY  ( Ma-2 ) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  el- 
liptical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angu- 
lar perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective 
renderings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 


*Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 


FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Coriimezoial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 

♦ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)— 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  hori- 
zontal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and 
elevations  of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height 
line.  Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Meas- 
uring point  method.  Practical  methods. 

PEN  DRAWING  (Ar-17) — Style.  Limitations 
of  the  pen.  Materials  used.  Technique  and 
control.  Tone.  Still  life.  Shadows.  Values, 
texture  snd  color.  Preliminary  sketch.  Ele- 
mentary composition.  Simple  renderings. 
Foliage.  Figures.  Water  and  clouds.  Practical 
problems.  Architectural  drawing.  Aerial 
perspective.  Skies.  Ambience.  Criticism  of 
contemporary  work. 


That  Job  Ahead — Can  You  Fill  It? 


56 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Water-Color  Rendering 

(Ar-llx) 

A course  desig^ned  to  provide  the  student  with  the  training  required  to 
render  architectural  di'awings,  especially  perspective  and  elevations  in  color. 
The  study  and  practice  of  wash  drawings,  flat  tones,  shading  and  blending  are 
carefully  detailed.  Practical  problems  in  architectural  rendering  are  entered 
into,  which  materially  benefit  the  student. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-22)— Draw- 
ing instruments  and  materials  and  their 
uses.  Use  of  lines.  Tracings.  Geometrical 
prob'ems.  Conic  sections — ellipse,  parabola, 
hyperbola. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

*GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13) — Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications  and 
renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  elliptical 
objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular  per- 
spective. Object  drawing.  Perspective  ren- 
derings. Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-1 2)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 


Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 

•ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)— 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  hori- 
zontal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and 
elevations  of  objects.  Plan  methods.  Height 
line.  Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Meas- 
uring point  method.  Practical  methods. 

W'ATER-COLOR  RENDERING  (Ar-18)— Ren- 
dering architectural  subjects.  Materials  used. 
Methods  of  using  materials.  Colors.  Still 
life  and  nature  sketching.  Elementary  prob- 
lem in  monotone.  Commencing  a water 
color  sketch.  Elementary  problem  in  colors. 
Difficulties  encountered.  Composition  in  land- 
scape. Composition  applied  to  architectural 
subjects.  The  silhouette.  Painting  from 
nature.  Difficulties  in  working  from  nature. 
Importance  of  tone.  Foliage  and  trees. 
Clouds  and  skies.  Architectural  problems. 
Architectural  shades  and  shadows  in  mono- 
tone. Wash  drawings.  Finished  drawing. 
Contemporary  work. 


Sheet  Metal  Design 

(Dr-lOx) 

A course  designed  to  increase  the  knowledge  of  the  tinsmith  or  the  sheet- 
metal  worker,  qualifying  him  as  a designer  of  sheet-metal  work.  The  knowl- 
edge gained  by  a study  of  this  course  will  prepare  the  student  to  handle  intel- 
ligently a wide  range  of  undertakings  requiring  the  use  of  sheet  metal. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  (Orthograph- 
ic projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  In- 
tersection of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique 
projection. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITH.VIETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing ariethmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emiihasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

•TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 


*Optional.  (.See  Page  12.) 


which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

.SHEET  METAL  DESIGN  (Dr-39)— Develop- 
ment by  triangulation.  Simple  patterns. 
Graphical  solutions  useful  in  sheet  metal  de- 
sign. Layouts  resulting  in  more  complicated 
patterns.  Seams  and  lap,  laying  out  for  du- 
plicate production.  Tinsmithing.  Skylight 
work.  Roofing.  Cornice  work. 

•FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil 
technique.  Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  ellip- 
tical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular 
perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective 
renderings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

•FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modem  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


57 


Mechanical  Drawing,  Brief 

(Dr-46x) 

This  course  is  especially  prepared  for  the  student  who  desires  a knowledge 
of  Mechanical  Drawing  as  covered  in  the  first  two  or  three  years  in  high 
school.  Every  phase  of  the  subject  is  gone  into  thoroughly,  giving  the  student 
the  complete  knowledge  that  will  allow  him  to  pass  successfully  any  academic 
examination  in  Mechanical  Drawing. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 


All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 


Plan  Reading 

(Ar-20x) 

A course  for  building  mechanics  who  wish  to  improve  their  positions  by 
increasing  their  knowledge  of  mathematics  and  plan  reading.  The  course  in- 
cludes the  necessary  instruction  in  arithmetic  and  geometry,  and  in  a particu- 
larly effective  way  trains  the  student  in  plan  reading.  Several  practice  prob- 
lems are  included  to  make  the  course  more  interesting  and  valuable.  This 
course  will  be  of  especial  benefit  to  contractors  and  their  employees  who  need 
to  know  how  to  read  drawings. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  and  machine 
details.  Complete  representation  of  an  ob- 
ject by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 
sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications. 


PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 


Plan  Reading  with  Mathematics 

(Ar-18x) 

A course  for  building  mechanics  who  wish  to  improve  their  positions  by 
increasing  their  knowledge  of  mathematics  and  plan  reading.  The  course  in- 
cludes the  necessary  instruction  in  arithmetic  and  geometry,  and  in  a particu- 
larly effective  way  trains  the  student  in  plan  reading.  Several  practice  prob- 
lems are  included  to  make  the  course  more  interesting  and  valuable.  This 
course  will  be  of  especial  benefit  to  contractors  and  their  employees  who  need 
the  knowledge  of  reading  of  drawings. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  and  machine 
details.  Complete  representation  of  an  ob- 
ject by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 
sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications. 

PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 


bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising a chitect. 

ARITHME  IC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 


The  world  is  demanding,  as  never  before,  men  of  good  character  with  well-developed 
minds.  Train  your  mind  and  get  into  the  executive  class  where  ability,  energy  and 
initiative  are  justly  compensated. 


58 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Reading  of  Heating,  Plumbing  and 
Architectural  Plans  with  Mathematics 

(Dr-43x) 


Every  man  engaged  in  architectural  construction  work  should  know  how 
to  read  heating  and  plumbing  plans  accurately.  He  should  also  know  how  to 
make  the  calculations  involved  in  the  actual  installation  of  heating  and  plumb- 
ing  systems.  This  course  will  provide  the  student  with  a thorough  knowledge 
of  the  subject  that  can  be  applied  to  the  humblest  house  or  to  the  largest  office 
building. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without  sec- 
tions. Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full 
lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Cor- 
rect methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts. 
Notes  and  specifications. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 


PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 

READING  OF  HEATING  AND  PLUMBING 
PLANS  (ME-28) — Lessons  and  blueprints. 
Heating  and  plumbing  symbols.  Heating 
and  plumbing  plans  for  small  houses,  large 
houses,  apartment  houses  and  office  build- 
ings. Student  is  required  to  make  complete 
heating  and  plumbing  layouts  for  an  entire 
building  from  plans. 


Reading  of  Heating,  Plumbing  and 
Architectural  Plans 

(Dr-42x) 

The  man  employed  in  the  building  or  allied  trades  may  be  able  to  do  his 
particular  job  well,  but  to  become  proficient  in  all  branches  of  his  work,  or  to 
engage  in  business  for  himself,  he  must  know  how  to  interpret  correctly  not 
only  architectural  plans,  but  also  plans  for  heating  and  plumbing  layouts. 
With  the  use  of  actual  blueprints  the  student  is  given  a thorough  knowledge 
of  the  subject  that  will  help  him  materially  to  master  the  situation. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 
sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications. 

PLAN  READING  (Ar-23)— Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 


bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  i^lans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 

READING  OF  HEATING  AND  PLUMBING 
PLANS — (ME-28) — Lessons  and  blueprints. 
Heating  and  plumbing  symbols.  Heating  and 
plumbing  plans  for  small  houses,  large 
houses,  apartment  houses  and  office  build- 
ings. Student  is  required  to  make  complete 
heating  and  i>lumbing  layouts  for  ah  entire 
building  from  plans. 


Experienced  Draftsman  Finds  “V”  Course  Helpful  in  His  Regular  Work 

Prior  to  taking  up  this  course  I have  had  several  years*  experience  in  the  Drafting  Room. 

In  view  of  the  small  amount  of  work  I have  completed  in  the  course,  my  statement  could 
not  be  very  broad,  but  comparison  with  parallel  work  done  by  a friend  of  mine  shows  the 
well  known  . . , Courses  to  be  cumbersome  and  slow,  to  the  point  which  speaks  well  for 
Extension  work  with  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools.  I have  been  able  to  use  the  instruction, 
so  far  received,  in  my  regular  work. 

I am  well  pleased  with  the  course  thus  far,  and  if  the  advanced  work  is  of  the  same  high 
standard,  I shall  plan  to  take  up  additional  studies. 

— C.  LLOYD  FLICK,  923  E.  Bowman  St.,  Wooster,  Ohio. 


Learn  More  Today  and  Van'll  Earn  More  Tomorrow 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


59 


Mechanical  Drawing 

(Dr-13x) 

This  is  an  advanced  course  for  the  machine  detailer.  It  gives  complete 
and  thorough  training.  It  teaches  him  to  detail  correctly  a wide  range  of 
machine  parts.  It  enables  him  to  execute  the  ideas  of  the  designer  in  the  ac- 
curate way  that  should  make  his  services  of  much  value  in  the  drawing  room, 
and  place  him  in  line  for  early  promotion.  It  also  provides  elementary  train- 
ing in  the  problems  of  design  so  that  he  can  make  the  more  simple  layouts 
and  thus  make  his  services  to  his  employer  of  still  greater  value  as  a designer 
and  also  as  a checker. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost, 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and^ 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods.  * 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with 
formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later  in 
the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 


which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

MACHINE  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-46)— 
Working  drawings  of  complex  machine  de- 
tails. Study  of  dimensioning  as  related  to 
drawing  room,  pattern  shop  and  machine 
shop.  Assembly  drawings  from  details.  Study 
of  such  considerations  as  scales,  proper 
methods  of  representation,  interference  and 
checking  dimensions.  Methods  of  procedure 
in  assembling.  Assembly  and  general  shop 
notes. 

DESCRIPTIVE  GEOMETRY  (Dr-52)— Princi- 
ples of  projection.  Manipulation  of  planes 
and  traces.  Practical  applications  of  theory. 


Mechanical  Drawing  with 
Mathematics,  Brief 

(Dr-21x) 

This  is  the  shortest  course  which  supplies  the  fundamental  training  neces- 
sary to  make  you  competent  to  draw  machine  details  and  make  acceptable 
tracings.  It  gives  excellent  instruction  in  how  to  read  drawings  rapidly  and 
intelligently.  The  young  man  who  wishes  to  take  up  mechanical  drafting  will 
find  this  course  a good  one  with  which  to  start. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac^ 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  let- 
tering. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 


work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 
— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonom- 
etry as  used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 


Canadian  Student  Advances  from  Clerk  to  Contractor 

I might  say  that  as  far  as  I have  gone  with  the  course,  it  is  all  and  more  than  I expected, 
and  the  information  I have  gained  already  I find  very  beneficial  in  my  new  line  of  business, 
"Contracting.”  Since  taking  up  the  course  I quit  my  old  position,  “Clerk,”  and  have  started 
in  building  houses.  I have  now  completed  one  and  have  two  under  construction,  with 
prospects  of  building  several  more  when  these  are  completed.  I must  say  that  I owe  this 
to  the  incentive  that  my  course  in  "Architectural  Drawing”  has  given  me. 

— R.  F.  HUME,  4523  Second  Avenue,  W.,  Vancouver,  B.C. 


By  Comparison  “Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


DRAWING  LESSONS 

In  Tool  Drafting.  Mechanical,  Structural,  and  Civil  Engineering 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


61 


Machine  Drawing  and 
Machine  Design 

(Dr-16.x) 

This  is  an  advanced  course  for  engineering  students.  It  is  for  men  who 
desire  to  become  mechanical  designers  and  acquire  not  only  the  ability  to  de- 
tail machinery  and  make  assembly  drawings,  but  perform  the  calculations  and 
make  the  layouts  required  in  the  designing  of  machines. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 


tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

Alt  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  Interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with  for- 
mulas and  equations  that  occur  later  in  the 
course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

MACHINE  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-46)— 
Working  drawings  of  complex  machine  de- 
tails. Study  of  dimensioning  as  related  to 
drawing  room,  pattern  shop  and  machine 
shop.  Assembly  drawings  from  details.  Study 
of  such  considerations  as  scales,  proper 
methods  of  representations,  interference  and 
checking  dimensions.  Methods  of  procedure 
in  assembling.  Assembly  and  general  shop 
notes. 

DESCRIPTIVE  GEOMETRY  (Dr-52)— Princi- 
ples of  projections.  Manipulation  of  planes 
and  traces.  Practice  in  the  use  and  making 
of  plates. 


MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  motion. 
Accelerated  motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrif- 
ugal force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Poten- 
tial and  kinetic  energy. 

MACHINE  DRAWING  (Dr-9)— Calculation  of 
detail  dimensions  from  empirical  formulas. 
Limitations  of  such  formulas  discussed.  De- 
tail and  assembly  drawings  of  such  parts  as 
screws  and  bolts,  keys  and  cotters,  couplings, 
pulleys,  gears,  rivets  and  riveted  joints, 
screw  threads,  springs,  pipe  fittings,  bearing 
boxes,  valves,  stuffing  boxes,  pistons,  cross- 
heads, connecting  rods,  engine  cranks,  ec- 
centrics and  straps. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elastic 
change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials  of 
engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of  beams.  Reac- 
tion. Vertical  shear.  Bending  moment.  Inter- 
nal and  external  forces.  Safe  loads.  Column 
formulas.  Combined  stresses.  Axial  shear. 
Horizontal  shear.  Resilience  and  work.  Im- 
pact. Fatigue  of  materials.  Torsion  of 
shafts. 

MECHANISM  (Dr-13) — Fundamental  ideas  in 
regard  to  mechanism.  Various  methods  for 
applying  forces.  Various  linkages  and  their 
design.  Application  of  the  principles  of 
mechanisms  in  actual  drawings  of  levers, 
flexible  connectors,  rollers,  gears,  screws, 
cams,  and  links. 

MACHINE  DESIGN  (Dr-8) — Calculations  for 
design  of  various  machine  details  and  com- 
plete machine  parts.  Discussions  of  the  ap- 
plication of  empirical  and  theoretical  formu- 
las. Derivation  of  some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant formulas.  Detail  and  assembly  draw- 
ings in  accord  with  calculations  made.  Ma- 
chine fastenings.  Bearings.  Journals.  Cyl- 
inders and  plates.  Springs.  Belting  and  pul- 
leys. Spur  gearing.  Bevel  gearing.  Worm 
gearing.  Couplings.  Clutches.  Rope  transmis- 
sion. Brakes.  Complete  designs. 


Freehand  Drawing,  Brief 

(Dr-39x) 

If  you  are  engaged  in  any  kind  of  architectural  or  building  construction 
work — in  the  office  or  “on  the  job” — you  should  know  how  to  sketch  ideas  or 
objects  quickly  and  accurately.  This  course  teaches  how  to  make  sketches  of 
still-life  objects,  buildings,  landscapes,  and  the  like. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13) — Pencil  tech-  lar  perspective.  Object  drawing.  Peispec- 

nique.  Perspective  principles,  applications  tive  renderings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of 

and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  el-  line.  Building  sketches.  Landscape  compo- 
liptical  objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angu-  sition. 

The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


62 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Machine  Sketching  and  Drawing 
for  Mechanics 

(Dr-9x) 

The  ability  to  illustrate  some  point  in  a discussion  by  a sketch,  to  draw 
details  of  needed  repairs  to  a machine,  and  to  sketch  an  idea  for  a new  ma- 
chine, is  of  great  value  to  the  mechanic  and  engineer.  Every  mechanic  in  the 
shop  knows  that  he  could  advance  faster  if  he  could  draw  and  sketch. 

A study  of  this  course  will  enable  the  ambitious  mechanic  to  sketch  ma- 
chinery or  parts  of  machinery  rapidly  and  clearly.  It  will  also  enable  him  to 
make  the  necessary  scale  drawings  from  these  sketches.  Instruction  is  given 
in  the  principles  on  which  all  drawings  and  sketches  are  based.  The  student 
prepares  and  'submits  his  own  drawings  and  sketches.  These  are  returned  to 
him  accompanied  by  practical  and  helpful  suggestions. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to  use 
tables  and  charts.  Geometric  constructions 
for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonometry  as 
used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  (Dr-48)— Training  in 
the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches 
of  machine  details,  sections  and  assemblies. 
Assembly  sketches  from  machine  details. 

Drawing  and  Shop  Mathematics 
for  Mechanics 

(Dr-llx) 

The  mechanic  desiring  to  enter  an  engineering  office,  the  man  in  charge  of 
a small  factory  who  wishes  to  increase  his  ability  to  supervise,  and  the  student 
who  wants  a comprehensive  training  in  drawing  before  he  enters  the  engineer- 
ing profession,  will  find  that  this  course  supplies  the  right  instruction. 

This  course  gives  the  training  necessary  for  you  to  become  thoroughly 
competent  to  detail  machine  parts.  It  is  broad  and  comprehensive  enough  to 
enable  you  to  do  the  work  intelligently  and  to  understand  the  work  of  the 
designer.  If  you  are  a mechanic,  perhaps  you  have  felt  the  necessity  of  being 
able  to  read  blueprints  more  rapidly  and  understandingly.  The  man  who  can 
interpret  the  ideas  of  the  chief  engineer  and  designer  accurately  and  quickly 
is  always  more  favorably  regarded  by  his  employers. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 

Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5)— Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  fMa-6) 

-—Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 


tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonom- 
etry as  used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING{Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

MACHINE  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr.-46)~ 
Working  drawings  of  complex  machine  de- 
tails. Study  of  dimensioning  as  related  to 
drawing  room,  pattern  shop  and  machine 
shop.  Assembly  drawings  from  details.  Study 
of  such  considerations  as  scales,  proper  meth- 
ods of  representation,  interference  and 
checking  dimensions.  Methods  of  procedure  in 
assembling.  Assembly  and  general  shop  notes. 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastening. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6)— 


You  Can’t  Drift  to  Success — The  Better  Jobs  are  Up-stream 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


63 


Tool  Drafting  and  Design 

(Dr-17x) 

The  tremendous  growth  of  the  principles  of  interchangeability  and  mass 
production  in  manufacturing  lines  has  created  an  unsatisfied  demand  for  men 
capable  of  designing  the  required  tools  and  fixtures. 

The  fundamental  principles  are  thoroughly  developed  and  may  be  applied 
to  special  problems  as  they  arise.  The  subject  is  presented  in  such  a way  that 
the  student  may  select  the  methods  best  suited  to  his  particular  problem. 
Fixtures  operated  by  compressed  air,  as  found  in  the  more  modern  machine 
shops,  are  given  special  attention. 

This  course  is  excellent  for  draftsmen  and  others  in  the  tool  designing 
departments  of  manufacturing  establishments,  and  for  mechanics  and  tool- 
makers  wishing  such  training  as  a basis  for  future  advancement. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  ( Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instniments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simpie  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 
— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonom- 
etry as  used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

MACHINE  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-46)— 
Working  drawings  of  complex  machine  de- 


tails. Study  of  dimensioning  as  related  to 
drawing  room,  pattern  shop  and  machine 
shop.  Assembly  drawings  from  details.  Study 
of  such  considerations  as  scales,  proper 
methods  of  representation,  interference  and 
checking  dimensions.  Methods  of  procedure 
in  assembling.  Assembly  and  general  shop 
notes. 

MACHINE  DRAWING  (Dr-51)— Calculation 
of  detail  dimensions  from  empirical  foinnu- 
las.  Limitations  of  such  formulas  discussed. 
Detail  and  assembly  drawings  of  such  parts 
as  screws  and  bolts,  keys  and  cotters,  coup- 
lings, pulleys,  gears,  rivets  and  riveted 
joints,  screw  threads,  springs,  pipe  fittings, 
bearing  boxes. 

TOOL  DRAFTING  AND  DESIGN  (Dr-7T— 
Standard  and  special  tools.  Open  drill  jigs. 
Box  jigs.  Special  jigs.  Milling  fixtures. 
Turning  fixtures.  Planning  fixtures.  Pneu- 
matic fixtures.  Practical  considerations  in 
regard  to  detailing  emphasized  throughout. 
Designing  and  making  of  actual  working 
drawings  for  the  shop. 


Punch  and  Die  Drafting 
and  Design 

(Dr-18x) 

Machine  shop  workers,  and  men  employed  in  the  drafting  room  who  desire 
to  enter  a field  of  interesting  work,  will  find  in  this  course  the  instruction  they 
require.  It  deals  with  all  the  important  forms  and  types  of  dies.  The  actual 
designing  and  drawing  of  punches  and  dies  serves  to  give  the  student  the 
working  knowledge  and  practice  that  will  fit  him  for  a secure  position  in  this 
highly  specialized  field. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  Cost, 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 
— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonom- 
etry as  used  in  practical  problems. 


MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

MACHINE  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-46)  — 
Working  drawings  of  complex  machine  de- 
tails. Study  of  dimensioning  as  related  to 
drawing  room,  pattern  shop  and  machine 
shop.  Assembly  drawings  from  details.  Study 
of  such  considerations  as  scales,  proper 
methods  of  representation,  interference  and 
checking  dimensions.  Methods  of  procedure 
in  assembling.  Assembly  and  general  shop 
notes. 


In  the  Long  Run,  Trained  Heads  Win 


64 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


MACHINE  DRAWING  (Dr-51)— Calculation  of 
detail  dimensions  from  empirical  formulas. 
Limitations  of  such  formulas  discussed.  De- 
tails and  assembly  drawings  of  such  parts 
as  screws  and  bolts,  keys  and  cotters,  coup- 
lings, pulleys,  gears,  rivets  and  riveted  joints, 
screw  threads,  springs,  pipe  fittings,  bear- 
ing boxes. 

PUNCH  AND  DIE  DRAFTING  AND  DESIGN 


(Dr-14) — Fundamental  principles.  Press  tools 
in  general.  Blanking  dies.  Piercing  tools. 
Compound  dies  for  blanking  and  piercing. 
Parting  tools.  Shaving  dies.  Trimming  dies. 
Drawing  dies.  Combination  dies.  Bending 
and  forming  tools.  Dies  for  embossing, 
marking,  riveting  and  swaging.  Indexing 
and  transfer  dies.  Punch  and  die  standards. 
Methods  for  hardening  dies.  Design  of 
punches  and  dies. 


Reading  of  Machine  Drawings  and 
Blueprints  with  Mathematics 

(Dr-8x) 

A course  for  apprentices  and  mechanics  desiring  to  qualify  for  better  posi- 
tions by  increasing  their  knowledge  of  mathematics  and  their  ability  to  read 
blueprints.  It  includes  the  necessary  instruction  in  mathematics  to  enable  the 
student  to  perform  the  calculations  required  in  shop  work,  and  to  understand 
the  principles  upon  which  mechanical  drawings  are  made,  followed  by  the  study 
of  shop  processes  and  practice  in  the  reading  of  blueprints. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 
sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5)— Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 


ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 
— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonom- 
etry as  used  in  i)ractical  problems. 

READING  OF.  MACHINE  DRAWINGS  AND 
BLUEPRINTS  (Dr-50)— Bearings.  Cylinder- 
heads.  Shafts.  Crane  hooks.  Automobile 
parts.  Complex  machine  details  and  assem- 
bly drawings  of  machines.  Detailed  instruc- 
tion based  on  blueprints,  which  we  furnish. 
The  viewpoint  of  the  machine  shop  is  em- 
phasized throughout. 


Reading  of  Machine  Drawings 
and  Blueprints 

(Dr-23x)^ 


Complete  instruction,  without  mathematics,  for  apprentices  and  mechan- 
ics who  want  to  learn  how  to  read  blueprints  quickly  and  accurately.  This 
course  includes  instruction  covering  the  principles  upon  which  mechanical  draw- 


ings are  made,  followed  by  the  study 
reading  of  blueprints. 

Subjects  Covered 

READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion  by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without  sec- 
tions. Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full 
lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Cor- 
rect methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts. 
Notes  and  specifications. 


of  shop  problems  and  practice  in  the 
in  This  Course: 

READING  OF  MACHINE  DRAWINGS  AND 
BLUEPRINTS  (Dr-50) — Bearings.  Cylinder- 
heads.  Shafts.  Crane  hooks.  Automobile 
parts.  Complex  machine  details  and  assem- 
bly drawings  of  machines.  Detailed  instruc- 
tion based  on  blueprints,  which  we  furnish. 
The  viewpoint  of  the  machine  shop  is  em- 
phasized throughout. 


Appreciates  Interest  Instructors  Take  in  Students 

You  surely  have  some  of  the  best  instructors  that  I have  ever  studied  under  and  I wish 
things  were  so  I could  be  there  in  the  school  room  with  them.  I can’t  tell  you  how  much  I 
appreciate  the  interest  the  school  has  taken  in  me. — THOMAS  S.  ARMS,  Horatio,  Arkansas. 

Comparison  Makes  Him  a Booster  for  “V”  School  Methods 

The  more  assignments  in  Mechanical  Drawing  I receive  and  the  more  I see  of  Y School 
methods  the  more  of  a booster  I am,  for  I have  examined  courses  of  two  other  prominent 
correspondence  schools  and  find  your  course  so  much  more  complete,  that  really  there  is  no 
comparison. — FRANK  E.  FISHER,  Kiefer,  Oklahoma. 


Determination  Will  Achieve  Your  Desire 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


65 


Civil  Engineering  Drawing 

(Dr-15x) 

To  rise  to  the  position  of  civil  engineer  a man  must  know  well  the  branches 
of  drawing  and  drafting  used  in  this  profession.  Therefore,  whether  he  starts 
carrying  chain  as  a member  of  a surveying  crew,  or  begins  in  the  office  of  an 
engineering  company,  his  progress  will  be  slow  unless  he  soon  becomes  profi- 
cient in  civil  engineering  drawing.  The  student  can  get  from  this  excellent 
course  exactly  the  instniction  he  needs  to  make  his  way  rabidly  into  the  ranks 
of  competent  engineers. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  draiving  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 


which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
General  drafting  methods  applied  to  Civil 
Engineering  layouts. 

Elements  of  Structural  Drafting — Convention- 
al signs.  General  drawings.  Shop  and  con- 
struction detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Beam  and  rivet  details. 
Foundation  plans.  Masonry  symbols. 

Map  and  Topographical  Drawing — Plats  of 
surveys.  Highway  and  railroad  maps.  Topo- 
graphical symbols — contours,  hachures,  con- 
ventional signs.  City  plats. 

Level  Plats — Profiles.  Cross  sections. 


Reading  of  Civil  Engineering 
Drawings  and  Blueprints 
with  Mathematics 

(Dr-34x) 

The  man  employed  in  civil  engineering  who  wi.shes  to  know  how  to  in- 
terpret drawings  and  blueprints,  and  desires  the  mathematical  knowledge  nec- 
essary to  make  practical  calculations,  will  get  from  this  course  a clear  under- 
standing of  the  subject,  and  the  tests  required  to  make  him  expert. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44) — Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representatipn  of  an  object 
by  means  of  views,  with  or  without  sections. 
Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full  lines, 
dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Correct 
methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional  meth- 
ods of  representing  standard  parts.  Notes 
and  specifications.  Bills  of  material. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 


GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

RE.4.DING  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAW- 
INGS AND  BLUEPRINTS  ( CE-23)— Read- 
ing of  sections  and  profiles.  Reading  of  ar- 
chitectural drawings,  including  floor  plans, 
elevations,  sections  and  details.  Reading  of 
stnictural  drawings  including  connections, 
detail  drawings,  girders,  trusses,  bridge  and 
mill  building  designs.  Reading  of  maps.  All 
necessary  drawings  and  blueprints  supplied. 


A"oiv  Sees  Advantages  of  Using  Spare  Moments  to  Gain  Education 

I am  taking  your  course  in  Architectural  Design.  It  is  my  pleasure  to  express  satisfaction 
and  to  recommend  your  extension  courses.  I am  also  pleased  with  the  outfit  provided. 

— H.  C.  CONRAD,  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 


"Y”  Instruction  Makes  It  Easier  to  Succeed 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


ti6 


Reading  of  Civil  Engineering 
Drawings  and  Blueprints 

(Dr-19x) 

One  of  the  most  important  factors  in  Civil  Engineering  is  the  ability  to 
read  drawings  and  blueprints  with  perfect  understanding.  Construction  work 
would  stop  today  if  no  one  were  able  to  read  blueprints.  Every  man  employed 
in  civil  engineering,  and  those  about  to  enter  this  profession,  will  find  this 
course  of  practical  help  in  shortening  the  path  to  the  top. 


Subjects  Covered 

READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion  by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  means  of  views  with  or  without  sections. 
Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full  lines, 
dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Correct 
methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional  meth- 
ods of  representing  standard  parts.  Notes 
and  specifications.  Bills  of  material. 


in  This  Course: 

READING  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAW- 
INGS AND  BLUEPRINTS  (CE-23)— Read- 
ing of  sections  and  profiles.  Reading  of 
architectural  drawings,  including  floor  plans, 
elevations,  sections  and  details.  Reading  of 
structural  drawings  including  connections, 
detail  drawings,  girders,  trusses,  bridge  and 
mill  building  designs.  Reading  maps.  All 
necessary  drawings  and  blueprints  supplied. 


way 

(CE-; 

Learn  highway  drafting  and  be  in  line  for  continuous  employment.  High- 
w'ay  drafting  is  generally  done  in  bad  weather  or  dull  seasons  by  the  same 
men  who  superintend  highway  construction  and  make  highway  surveys. 

The  subject  not  only  covers  the  fundamentals  of  drafting,  but  also  includes 
instruction  in  a variety  of  work  generally  done  by  draftsmen  in  connection 
with  the  preparation  of  plans.  It  should  be  useful  to  highway  surveyors,  ax- 
men,  chainmen,  rodmen  and  inspectors  as  an  addition  to  their  training.  Stu- 
dents who  are  proficient  in  any  of  the  initial  subjects  described  below  may  omit 
them  by  passing  suitable  review  examinations. 


Drafting 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-4.5)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  nccessat^y  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3)— Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 


TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
prc^lems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

HIGHWAY  DRAFTING  (CE-5)— Preparations 
of  highway  plans  and  estimates. 

Maps  and  Conventional  Signs — Preparation  of 
title  sheets.  Alignment  plotting.  Plotting 
of  topography.  Earthwork  plans — reduction 
of  level  notes  and  plotting  of  cross  sections. 
Plotting  of  profile  and  grade  line.  Compu- 
tation of  vertical  curves.  Applying  the  de- 
signed cross  sections  to  the  existing  cross 
sections.  Mej^urement  and  computation  of 
excavation  and  embankment. 

Final  Plans — Preparation  of  sheets  of  stand- 
ards. Tracing  final  plans. 


From  Several  Salisfied  Ohio  Students 

Compared  with  another  course  that  I have  taken,  it  is  of  very  high  quality  and  is  thoroughly 
modern  and  up-to-date.  I have  had  very  good  and  prompt  attention  from  instruction  head- 
quarters in  every  respect. 

I have  been  treated  very  kindly  and  courteously  at  headquarters.  I think  the  course  is 
the  best  of  its  kind  that  I have  ever  seen  and  I was  really  surprised  at  the  quality  of  the 
instruction. 

The  course  has  helped  me  a great  deal  with  my  figures  and  has  tended  to  make  me  more 
accurate.  I am  very  much  pleased.  I do  not  think  there  is  any  country  in  the  world,  or  any 
organization  that  could  do  as  much  as  this. 


Let  Your  Home  be  Your  College 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


67 


Electrical  Drawing 

(Dr-14x) 

The  tremendous  development  of  electricity  has  created  a large  field  of 
opportunity  for  the  specialist.  The  electrician  who  wishes  to  advance  must 
know  electrical  drawing.  This  course  is  so  prepared  that  it  can  be  adapted  to 
the  beginner  or  the  man  of  practical  experience.  The  machine  draftsman  will 
find  it  valuable.  It  will  increase  his  knowledge  of  electrical  machinery  and 


electrical  wiring  diagrams. 

Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  insti-uments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 


in  This  Course: 

which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  graph- 
ical problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  detail. 

ELECTRICAL  DRAWING  (EE-18)— Lesson 
notes  and  blueprints  supply  the  instruction 
and  data  needed  for  each  drawing. 

Motor  Drawings — Complete  assembly  and  detail 
drawings  of  a standard  electric  motor.  Pro- 
jections. Dimensions.  Standaid  conventions. 

Wiring  Plans  and  Diagrams — Conventional 
symbols.  Typical  diagrams  used  by  repre- 
sentative electrical  manufacturers,  both  di- 
rect current  starters  and  controllers,  and 
alternating  current  starters  and  controllers. 
Automotive  diagrams.  Standard  symbols  for 
wiring  plans.  Typical  plans. 


Reading  of  Electrical  Drawings  and 
Blueprints  with  Mathematics 

(Dr-41x) 

Whether  you  are  an  assembler,  machinist  on  electrical  work,  test  floor 
man,  wireman,  toolmaker,  maintenance  man,  or  an  electrical  contractor,  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  how  to  read  electrical  drawings  and  blueprints,  com- 
bined with  the  ability  to  make  the  mathematical  calculations  encountered  in 
your  work,  will  help  vou  materially  in  climbing  to  a better  job.  Every  phase 
of  the  subject  is  covered  in  a most  logical  manner,  insuring  the  student  a 
broad  working  knowledge  that  he  can  put  to  profitable  use. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without  sec- 


tions. Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full 
lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Cor- 
rect methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts. 
Notes  and  specifications. 

READING  OF  ELECTRICAL  DRAWINGS 
AND  BLUEPRINTS  (EE-16)— Typical  draw- 
ings of  a standard  motor.  Wiring  diagrams 
of  typical  face  plate  and  drum  type  manual 
starters,  of  contractor  and  autotransformer 
type  automatic  starters,  of  controllers,  of 
panels,  of  automotive  systems,  and  of  a 
wireless  unit.  Symbols  for  wiring  diagrams. 


Salesmanship  Course  Helps  Develop  a Personality 

So  far  as  I have  gone  with  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  course  in  Salesmanship,  I have 
benefited  wonderfully,  for  it  truly  teaches  one  to  develop  a personality.  I certainly  would 
not  take  a thousand  dollars  for  the  spare  time  I u^ed  to  study  the  principles  of  salesman- 
ship.— LEONARD  NORDSKOG,  3600  10th  Ave.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 


Let  Your  Home  be  Your  College 


68 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Reading  of  Electrical  Drawings 
and  Blueprints 

( Dr-24x) 

Every  electrician,  contractor,  or  man  contemplating  entering  the  electrical 
profession  should  be  able  to  read  electrical  drawings  and  blueprints.  The  most 
pi-actical  principles  of  the  subject  are  taught  in  a way  that  should  insure  quick 
understanding. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  reiiresentation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 
sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications. 


READING  OF  ELECTRICAL  DRAWINGS 
AND  BLUEPRINTS  (EE)-16)— Typical  draw- 
ings of  a standard  motor.  Wiring  diagrams 
of  typical  face  plate  and  drum  type  manual 
starters,  of  contractor  and  autotransformer 
type  automatic  starters  of  controllers,  of 
panels,  of  automotive  systems,  and  of  a 
wireless  unit.  Symbols  for  wiring  diagrams. 


Mechanical  Drawing  for  Plumbers 

(Dr-12x) 

Instruction  especially  for  plumbers.  It  supplies  the  training  necessary  to 
read  drawings  intelligently  and  accurately,  and  teaches  how  to  make  sketches 
of  plumbing  and  piping  installations. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Ur-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  dra-jeing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 


GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

PLUMBING  DRAWING  (Dr-49) — Especially 
prepared  instruction  dealing  with  working 
drawings  of  pipe  layouts  and  details.  Free- 
hand sketching  of  pipes  and  plans.  Plans 
of  complete  plumbing  installation.  Working 
and  detail  drawings. 


Reading  of  Heating  and  Plumbing 
Plans  with  Mathematics 

(Dr-45x) 

The  plumber,  the  steam  fitter,  the  apprentice,  and  others  employed  in  the 
installation  of  heating  and  plumbing  systems,  must  know  how  to  interpret  ac- 
curately the  blueprints  used  in  their  work.  Also,  their  opportunities  for  as- 
suming greater  responsibilities  will  be  increased  if  they  can  make  the  mathe- 
matical calculations  connected  with  their  work.  In  a most  practical  way  the 
Reading  of  Plans  and  necessary  mathematics  are  covered  thoroughly  and  in 
the  shortest  time  possible. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

RE.4DING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 


sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications. 

READING  OF  HEATING  AND  PLUMBING 
PLANS  (ME-28) — Lessons  and  blueprints. 
Heating  and  plumbing  symbols.  Heating 
and  plumbing  plans  for  small  houses,  large 
houses,  apartment  houses  and  office  bui'd- 
ings.  Student  is  required  to  make  complete 
heating  and  plumbing  layouts  for  an  entire 
building  from  plans. 


Leant  More  Today  and  You'll  Earn  More  Tomorrow 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


69 


Reading  of  Heating  and 
Plumbing  Plans 

(Dr-44x) 

Many  a skilled  mechanic  is  handicapped  by  his  lack  of  ability  to  obtain 
information  from  blueprints.  Such  a man  would  do  well  to  devote  the  neces- 
sary time  to  the  study  of  this  course.  In  so  doing  he  will  be  able  to  bridge 
the  gap  between  himself  and  the  man  in  a position  of  responsibility,  or  will 
be  able  to  enter  into  business  for  himself  trained  for  success. 

The  apprentice  plumber,  or  steam  fitter,  will  find  in  this  course  the  train- 
ing that  may  shorten  by  many  years  the  time  when  he  will  attain  a respon- 
sible position  and  a future  that  is  secure. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without  sec- 
tions. Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full 
lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Cor- 
rect methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts. 
Notes  and  specifications. 


READING  OF  HEATING  AND  PLUMBING 
PLANS  (ME-28) — Heating  and  plumbing 
symbols.  Small  house  plans.  Large  house 
plans.  Apartment  house  plans.  Office  build- 
ings. Heating  and  plumbing  problems.  Mak- 
ing complete  heating  and  plumbing  layouts 
for  entire  buildings. 


Lettering  and  Sign  Painting 

(Dr-6.x) 

There  is  scarcely  a city  wall  or  window  that  does  not  bear  some  form  of 
lettered  or  printed  advertising  appeal.  Each  year  modern  business  spends  mil- 
lions of  dollars  for  signs.  Every  store  and  many  offices  make  good  use  of  the 
descriptive  sign  in  the  window  or  on  a panel. 

Artistically  designed  signs  have  taken  the  place  of  the  cheap  and  gaudy 
displays  of  the  past.  The  modern  business  man  appreciates  the  value  of  beauty 
and  charm  of  design  in  display  work  and  is  ready  to  pay  well  for  it. 

The  wide  field  of  creative  work  offers  the  broadest  opportunities  to  the  man 
with  acquired  skill,  taste  and  ingenuity.  An  experienced  master  of  his  craft 
has  personal  direction  over  each  student’s  progress.  Every  phase  of  modern 
lettering  and  sign  painting  is  covered  in  a comprehensive  manner. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


LETTERING  AND  SIGN  PAINTING  (Dr-4)— 
Essentials  of  Lettering — Brush  stroke  exer- 
cises. Alphabets.  Styles  of  lettering.  Prin- 
ciples of  artistic  layouts.  Color  combina- 
tions. Essentials  of  ornament. 

Materials — Brushes.  Proper  use.  Care.  Mahl 
stick.  Art  materials.  Shop  equipment. 
Water  and  coach  colors.  Mixing  colors. 
Stencils.  Stencil  brushes.  Gold  leaf  and  how 
to  use  it.  Devices. 

Kinds  of  Signs — Cardboard,  Oilcloth.  Per- 
manent and  temporary.  Wood.  Metal.  Uses. 
Methods  of  construction.  Stretching  mater- 
ials. Layouts.  Designs.  Backgrounds.  “Cut- 
in”  lettering.  Gold  leaf  work.  Finish  and 
hanging. 


Glass  Lettering — Direct  lettering.  Office  door 
work.  Opal  and  opaque  glass  signs.  Apart- 
ment house  work.  Reversed  lettering.  Store 
window  work.  Dead  center  lettering.  Semi- 
transparent lettering  and  background.  Illum- 
inated glass  signs.  Framed  glass  signs. 

Attached  and  Pasted  Letters — Ready  made — 
Wood.  Metal.  Gold  leaf.  Concave  letters. 
Aluminum.  Enameled  metal  signs.  To  order — • 
Wood.  Metal.  Glass.  Gilt  and  silvered. 

Lettering  on  Cloth — Canvas.  Mercerized  cloth. 
Satin.  Unbleached  linen.  Silk. 

Advanced  Applications — Pictorial  work  on  glass, 
wood,  metal.  Exhibition  work.  Wall  adver- 
tising signs.  Scale  drawings.  Bill-board 
signs.  Illuminated  signs. 


Finds  the  Cooperation  of  Y.M.C.A.  Instructors  a Real  Help 

I thank  you  for  the  little  notes  you  have  been  adding  on  my  lesson  papers  in  Architectural 
Drawing.  It  is  hard  work  to  come  home  from  a day’s  detail  and  set  to  solving  problems,  and 
I assure  you  your  words  of  encouragement  help  a great  deal.  I try  to  put  myself  in  your 
place  and  work  out  the  problems  just  as  I would  like  to  receive  them  if  the  correcting  were 
my  part  of  the  game.  A man  taking  a Y.M.C.A.  course  cannot  blame  his  failures  on  the 
teachers.  I find  cooperation  and  a willingness  to  help,  and  if  examination  plates  or  papers 
are  O.  K.,  the  credit  is  50/50. — JOHN  J.  O’MARA,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Knowledge  Pavs  Big  Dividends 


Are  you  one  of  the  thousands  of  men  who  cannot  go  to  college,  whose  tastes 
are  for  the  designing  of  buildings?  Perhaps  you  have  been  in  practical 
■ construction  work  of  one  kind  or  another.  But  whether  you  have 
had  building  experience  or  not,  you  can,  through  the  use  of  spare  hours  in 
studying  a Y.M.C.A.  Course,  acquire  the  most  essential  knowledge  of  architec- 
ture, architectural  drawing,  building  methods,  or  whatever  branch  of  this 
great  field  appeals  to  you  most. 

The  architect  must  exercise  artistic  taste  as  well  as  possess  a practical 
knowledge  of  the  requirements  of  homes,  school  buildings,  churches,  railroad 
stations,  and  the  numerous  other  types  of  buildings  that  he  is  called  upon 
to  design.  His  work  is  interesting,  congenial  and  highly  remunerative.  His 
own  initiative  and  ability  determine  whether  he  shall  remain  among  the 
mediocre  workers  or  rise  to  the  pinnacle  of  success  in  his  profession. 

Right  now  there  are  more  than  a million  “average  men”  scattered  from 
coast  to  coast,  who  are  waiting  to  place  in  the  hands  of  capable  architects 
commissions  to  build  their  homes.  Whether  in  the  town  of  six  hundred,  six 
thousand,  or  six  million,  the  opportunities  awaiting  the  enterprising,  skillful 
architect  are  perhaps  more  attractive  than  those  of  any  other  profession. 

With  the  many  opportunities  in  the  building  and  architectural  fields,  large 
salaries  are  very  common.  Not  every  man  may  reasonably  hope  to  climb  to 
a salary  of  $5,000  to  $15,000  a year,  but  every  ambitious  man  can  expect  to 
earn  enough  in  this  work  to  support  himself  and  family  in  comfort  if  he 
makes  good  use  of  his  opportunities. 

The  character  of  the  student  is  of  prime  importance  in  taking  up  archi- 
tectural courses.  These  studies  will  develop,  but  they  cannot  create.  He  needs 
at  the  start  the  qualities  of  a man  and  in  addition  imagination,  analj'tical 
ability,  perspective,  impartiality,  accuracy  and  plenty  of  common  sense.  The 
first  and  the  last  are  most  important. 

With  these  qualities  you  can  study  architecture,  confident  that  future 
success  is  yours.  You  should  waste  no  time  in  getting  started,  so  that  you  may 
be  ready  to  answer  when  opportunity  knocks. 

A Teacher  of  Experience  to  Guide  Your  Progress 

WILLIAIM  H.  STANGLE,  advisory  head  of  the  Architectural  Department, 
is  a man  of  high  reputation  in  his  profession.  Coming  from  one  of  the  best 
known  architectural  schools  in  the  country  he  has  occupied  several  positions 
of  importance.  He  entered  the  employ  of  the  Moody  Engineering  Company, 
where  in  five  years  he  was  advanced  from  inspector  to  designer,  and  lastly 
to  branch  manager.  After  four  years  as  chief  designer  for  the  Barrett  Com- 
pany, he  became  associate  architect  and  engineer  to  Woodwell  and  Rosier, 
prominent  consulting  architects  and  engineers  of  New  York  City. 

For  six  years  as  active  head  of  the  Architectural  Department  of  the 
Bedford  Branch  Y.M.C.A.,  Brooklyn,  and  the  Pittsburgh  Y.M.C.A.,  he  made  an 
enviable  record.  The  large  number  of  his  former  students  who,  today,  are 
gaining  success  in  this  profession,  are  sufficient  proof  of  the  value  of  his 
methods  of  instniction. 

Mr.  Stangle  takes  a deep  personal  interest  in  the  progress  of  every 
student.  At  all  times  he  stands  ready  to  assist  the  student  materially  in  the 
mastery  of  his  studies. 


Surpassed  His  Expectations 

Your  couTvse  in  Architectural  Construction  surpassed  all  my  expectations,  and  the  per- 
sonal touches  of  encouragement,  which  do  not  accompany  the  ordinary  correspondence 
courses,  are  a great  incentive  towards  hard  study.  Thanking  the  “Y**  for  its  generosity,  and 
you  for  your  interest,  I am,  — GEORGE  F.  GARRITY,  Woodsville,  N.  H. 

"y"  Itistmctioji  Makes  Success  Easier  to  Attain 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


71 


Complete  Architecture 

(Ar-3x) 

The  Complete  Course  in  Architecture  is  a broad,  comprehensive  treat- 
ment of  building  design  and  construction.  It  comprises  complete  instruction 
and  training  in  architectural  drawing,  the  various  branches  of  design,  and 
is  a most  practical  treatise  on  the  many  detailed  subjects  of  building  con- 
struction. 

It  is  planned  to  qualify  one  as  a designer  of  buildings,  from  both  the 
artistic  and  structural  standpoints,  and  to  educate  the  designer  in  the  matter 
of  specifications,  contracts,  and  estimates,  and  further  to  give  a broad  founda- 
tion of  knowledge  for  the  supervising  of  construction  of  buildings.  The  course 
also  makes  an  excellent  review  for  those  already  engaged  in  the  profession. 

The  vast  amount  of  home  building  to  be  undertaken  makes  this  course 
just  now  one  of  unusual  opportunity. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical  drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthographic 
projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  Inter- 
section of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique  pro- 
jection. 

All  necessary  draiving  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

Bl  ILDING  MATERIALS  (Ar-3)— Foundation 
bed.  Masonry  walls.  Footings.  Cements.  Mor- 
tars. Concrete.  Brick.  Stone.  Terra  cotta. 
Cast  iron.  Steel.  Wood.  Fireproofing  mate- 
rials. Reinforced  concrete.  Heating  and  venti- 
lation materials.  Plumbing  and  drainage  ma- 


terials. Electric  lighting  materials.  Plaster. 
Interior  trim.  Paint.  Roofing.  Tile.  Mis- 
cellaneous equipment. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 


Construction  Group 


BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (Ar-4)— Foun- 
dations.  Excavating.  Piling.  Shoring.  Foot- 
ings. Grillage.  Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick- 
work. Stonework.  Piers.  Arches.  Structural 
work.  Wooden  framing.  Interior  trim.  Stand- 
ard mill  construction.  Fireproof  construction. 
Reinforced  concrete.  Roof  trusses.  Heating 
and  ventilation.  Plumbing  and  drainage.  Gas 
piping.  Electric  lighting.  Roofing.  Lathing 
and  plastering.  Painting  and  decorating. 
Miscellaneous  construction. 

BUILDING  SUPERINTENDENCE  (Ar-5)— 
Superintendent’s  duties.  Relation  of  ow’ner 
to  architect.  Relation  of  contractor  to  own- 
er. Architect’s  drawings  and  details.  Or- 
ganization. Stores  and  supplies.  Labor  re- 
ports. Workmanship.  Quality  of  materials. 
Reputation.  Finances. 

ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
— Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost.  Piece  rate.  Bonus.  Other 
systems.  Measuring  output  of  workmen. 
Quantity  survey.  Cost  keeping.  Office  appli- 
ances and  methods.  Bookkeeping  for  small 
cost.  Miscellaneous  cost  department  blanks. 
Practical  problems. 

SPECIFICATION  WRITING  (Ar-8)— Owner. 
Contractor.  Architect.  Sub-contractors.  Ma- 
terials. Labor.  Drawings.  Details.  Changes. 
Insurance.  City  laws.  Building  laws.  Protec- 


tion of  public.  Superintendent  or  foreman. 
Engineer  in  charge.  Payments.  Time  limits. 
Penalties.  Completion  of  "work.  Arbitration. 

CONTRACTS  (Ar-7) — Competitive  bidding.  In- 
struction to  bidders.  Submission  of  proposal. 
Form  of  proposal.  General  contracts.  Sub- 
contracts. Separate  contracts.  Fixed-sum  con- 
tracts. Cost-plus-fee  contracts.  Other  contract 
forms.  Legal  details.  Standard  contract  of 
American  Institute  of  Architects.  Bond  of 
suretyship.  Quantity  system.  Progress  sched- 
ule. Schedule  of  values.  Payments. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
^avity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform  motion.  Acceler- 
ated motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal 
force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential  and 
kinetic  energy. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)  — 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elas- 
tic change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials 
of  engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of  beams. 
Reaction.  Vertical  shear.  Bending  moment. 
Internal  and  external  forces.  Safe  loads. 
Column  formulas.  Combined  stresses.  Axial 
shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience  and  work. 
Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials.  Torsion  of 
shafts. 


spare-hour  education  is  offered  by  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  on  the  platform  of: 
(1)  the  most  senicc  for  the  least  money;  (2)  careful  guidance  in  the  choice  of  a 
course  for  every  applicant;  (3)  the  personal  interest  of  a competent  and  sympathetic 
teacher;  (4)  as  much  encouragement  to  complete  a course  ns  to  begin  one. 


72 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Design  Group 


ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWING  (Ai-16)— 
Sketch  plans.  Architectural  symbols.  Stair- 
way circulation.  Working  drawings  of  a 
brick  house.  Working  drawings  of  a frame 
house.  Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Sections. 
Scale  and  full-size  details.  Analysis  of  sev- 
eral existing  drawings. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  ellip- 
tical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular 
perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective  ren- 
derings. Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 

ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)— 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  horizon- 
tal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and  eleva- 
tions of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height  line. 
Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Measuring 
point  method.  Practical  methods. 

THE  CLASSIC  ORDERS  (Ar-15)— General 
proportions.  Profile  of  mouldings.  Tuscan  or- 
der. Doric  order.  Ionic  order.  Corinthian  or- 
der. Comparison  of  orders.  Parapets  and  bal- 
ustrades. Doors  and  windows.  Colonnades. 
Arcades.  Superposition.  Modern  applications 
of  the  classic  orders. 

SHADES  AND  SHADOWS  (Ar-14)— Point  of 
view.  Conventional  ray.  Similarity  of  shad- 
• ows  and  perspective.  Shadows  of  a circle. 
Shadows  of  straight  lines.  Shades  and  shad- 
ows of  spheres.  General  methods  of  casting 
shadows.  Oblique  projection.  Circumscribing 
surfaces.  Auxiliary  shadows.  Slicing  method. 
Practical  applications.  Shades  and  shadows 
of  cones.  Shades  and  shadows  of  cylinders. 
Miscellaneous  problems.  Shades  and  shadows 
of  the  classic  orders. 

HISTORY  OF  ARCHITECTURE  (Ar-1)— Pre- 
historic. Egyptian.  Western  Asiatic.  Greek. 
Roman.  Early  Christian.  Byzantine.  Roman- 
esque. Gothic.  Renaissance.  Colonial.  Amer- 
ican. Non-historic. 

ORNAMENT  (Ar-19) — Egyptian.  Assyrian. 
Grecian.  Roman.  Early  Christian.  Byzan- 


tine. Romanesque.  Gothic.  Renaissance. 
Non-historic. 

ADVANCED  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-11)— P'anes. 
Vanishing  points  of  tines.  Vanishing  ijoints 
of  inclined  lines.  Various  kinds  of  planes. 
Vanishing  planes.  Vertical  planes.  Ascend- 
ing planes.  Descending  planes.  Inclined 
planes.  Oblique  planes.  Shadows.  Reflec- 
tions. General  problems. 

WATER-COLOR  RENDERING  (Ar-18)— Ren- 
dering architectural  subjects.  Materials  used. 
Methods  of  using  materials.  Colors.  Still 
life  and  nature  sketching.  Elementary  prob- 
lem in  monotone.  Commencing  a water-color 
sketch.  Elementary  problem  in  colors.  Dif- 
ficulties encountered.  Composition  in  land- 
scape. Composition  applied  to  architectural 
subjects.  The  silhouette.  Painting  from  na- 
ture. Difficulties  in  working  from  nature. 
The  importance  of  tone.  Foliage  and  trees. 
Clouds  and  skies.  Architectural  problems. 
Architectural  shades  and  shadows  in  mono- 
tone. Wash  drawings.  Finished  drawing. 
Contemporary  work. 

PEN  DRAWING  (Ar-17) — Style.  Limitations 
of  the  pen.  Materials  used.  Technique  and 
control.  Tone.  Still  life.  Shadows.  Values, 
texture  and  color.  Preliminary  sketch.  Ele- 
mentary composition.  Simple  renderings.  Fol- 
iage. Figures.  Water  and  clouds.  Practical 
problems.  Architectural  drawing.  Aerial  per- 
spective. Skies.  Ambience.  Criticism  of  con- 
temporary work. 

HOUSE  PLANNING  (Ar-20) — Practical  prob- 
lems in  planning  city  and  country  resi- 
dences, schools,  churches,  banks,  clubs,  and 
the  like. 

INTERIOR  DECORATION  (Ar-21)— Form  of 
room.  Elevational  composition.  Doorways, 
windows,  fire-places,  stairways,  and  the  like. 
Color.  Wood  finishing.  Details.  Hangings. 
Furnishings.  Lighting. 

ARCHITECTURAL  COMPOSITION  (Ar-2)— 
Standard  of  taste.  What  architecture  is. 
Unity.  Individuality.  Similarity.  Subordina- 
tion. Analysis  of  buildings.  Primary  masses. 
Secondary  masses.  Details.  Horizontal  divi- 
sion. Proportion.  Contrast.  Practical  applica- 
tions. Asymmetrical  compositions.  Flexibility 
of  types.  Comparison  and  criticism. 


Note:  The  student  may  take  the  Design  Group  before  the  Construction  Croup  if  he  so  desires. 


A Beautiful  Home 
There  are  opportunities  in 
every  small  and  medium-sized 
town  and  city  for  architects 
to  design  beautiful,  moderate- 
priced  homes. 


This  house  was  designed  by 
James  Purdon,  Architect, 
Dedham,  Mass.  Photograph 
by  courtesy  "Architecture," 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 


In  the  Lone]  Run,  Trained  Heads  Win 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


73 


Architectural  Design 

(Ar-lx) 

To  the  student  who  is  artistically  inclined,  this  course  is  recommended. 
The  course  is  arranged  to  prepare  the  student  to  be  an  architectural  draftsman 
or  designer.  It  is  an  advanced  course,  complete  in  the  general  subjects  of 
architectural  design. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthographic 
projection.  Development  and  intersection  of 
surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique  projection. 

Alt  necessary  draunng  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

♦TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWING  (Ar-16)— 
Sketch  plans.  Architectural  symbols.  Stair- 
way circulation.  Working  drawings  of  a brick 
house.  Working  drawings  of  a frame  house. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Sections.  Scale  and 
full-size  details.  Analysis  of  several  existing 
drawings. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  ellip- 
tical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular 
perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective  ren- 
derings. Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 

ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)  — 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  horizon- 
tal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and  eleva- 
tions of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height  line. 
Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Measuring 
point  method.  Practical  methods. 

THE  CLASSIC  ORDERS  (Ar-15) — General 
proportions.  Profile  of  mouldings.  Tuscan  or- 
der. Doric  order.  Ionic  order.  Corinthian  or- 
der. Comparison  of  orders.  Parapets  and  bal- 
ustrades. Doors  and  windows.  Colonnades. 
Arcades.  Superposition.  Modern  applications 
of  the  classic  orders. 

SHADES  AND  SHADOWS  (Ar-14)— Point  of 
view.  Conventional  ray.  Similarity  of  shad- 


*Optional. (See  Page  12.) 


ows  and  perspective.  Shadows  of  a circle. 
Shadows  of  straight  lines.  Shades  and  shad- 
ows of  spheres.  General  methods  of  casting 
shadows.  Oblique  projection.  Circumscribing 
surfaces.  A uxiliary  shadows.  Slicing  method. 
Practical  applications.  Shades  and  shadows 
of  cones.  Shades  and  shadows  of  cylinders. 
Miscellaneous  problems.  Shades  and  shadows 
of  the  classic  orders. 

HISTORY  OF  ARCHITECTURE  (Ar-1)  -Pre- 
historic. Egj’ptian.  Western  Asiatic.  Greek. 
Roman.  Early  Christian.  Byzantine.  Roman- 
esque. Gothic.  Renaissance.  Colonial.  Amer- 
ican. Non-historic. 

ORNAMENT  (Ar-19) — Assyrian.  Grecian.  Ro- 
man. Early  Christian.  Byzantine.  Roman- 
esque. Gothic.  Renaissance.  Non-historic. 

ADVANCED  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-11)— Planes. 
Vanishing  points  of  lines.  Vanishing  points 
of  inclined  lines.  Various  kinds  of  planes. 
Vanishing  planes.  Vertical  planes.  Ascend- 
ing planes.  Descending  planes.  Inclined 
planes.  Oblique  planes.  Shadows.  Reflec- 
tions. General  problems. 

WATER-COLOR  RENDERING  (Ar-18)— Ren- 
dering architectural  subjects.  Materials  used. 
Methods  of  using  materials.  Colors.  Still 
life  and  nature  sketching.  Elementary  prob- 
lem in  monotone.  Commencing  a water- 
color  sketch.  Elementary  problem  in  colors. 
Difficulties  encountered.  Composition  in  land- 
scape. Composition  applied  to  architectural 
subjects.  The  silhouette.  Painting  from 
nature.  Difficulties  in  working  from  nature. 
The  importance  of  tone.  Foliage  and  trees. 
Clouds  and  skies.  Architectural  problems. 
Architectural  shades  and  shadows  in  mono- 
tone. Wash  drawings.  Finished  drawing. 
Contemporary  work. 

PEN  DRAWING  (Ar-17) — Style.  Limitations 
of  the  pen.  Materials  used.  Technique  and 
control.  Tone.  Still  life.  Shadows.  Values, 
texture  and  color.  Preliminary  sketch.  Ele- 
mentary composition.  Simple  renderings.  Fol- 
iage. Figures.  Water  and  clouds.  Practical 
problems.  Architectural  drawing.  Aerial  per- 
spective. Skies.  Ambience.  Criticism  of  con- 
temporary work. 

HOUSE  PLANNING  (Ar-20) — Practical  prob- 
lems in  planning  city  and  country  residences, 
schools,  churches,  banks,  clubs,  and  the  like. 

INTERIOR  DECORATION  (Ar-21)— Form  of 
room.  Elevational  composition.  Doorways, 
windows,  fire-places,  stairways,  and  the  like. 
Color.  Wood  finishing.  Details.  Hangings. 
Furnishings.  .Lighting. 

ARCHITECTURAL  COMPOSITION  (Ar-2)  — 
Standard  of  taste.  What  architecture  is. 
Unity.  Individuality.  Similarity.  Subordina- 
tion. Analysis  of  buildings.  Primary  masses. 
Secondary  masses.  Details.  Horizontal  divi- 
sion. Proportion.  Contrast.  Practical  applica- 
tions. Asymmetrical  compositions.  Flexibility 
of  types.  Comparison  and  criticism. 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


74 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Heating  and  Ventilating 

(Ar-4x) 

This  course  is  designed  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  architects,  engineers, 
and  contractors,  as  well  as  their  assistants,  who  are  interested  in  the  proper 
design  of  heating  and  ventilation  systems. 

The  course  is  thorough  and  covers  a broad  field.  A review  of  mathematics 
is  given  to  prepare  the  student  for  the  various  interesting  calculations.  Ele- 
mentary physics  of  mechanical  and  heat  energy  and  elementary  chemistry  of 
fuels  and  combustion  are  included,  as  is  a general  training  in  drawing.  The 
student  will  be  excused  from  this  preliminary  work  by  satisfactorily  passing  an 
examination.  The  section  on  heating  and  ventilation  is  clear  and  extensive. 

The  text  used  is  the  most  modern  treatise  on  the  subject,  written  in  a 
simple,  direct  manner  and  thoroughly  illustrated.  Each  chapter  is  well  dis- 
cussed and  fully  explained  in  supplementary  lessons  relating  to  the  subject. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthographic 
projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  Inter- 
section of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique 
projection. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost, 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consider- 
ations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them,  (graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

♦TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  means  of  views,  with  or  without  sections. 
Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full  lines, 
dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Correct 
methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional  meth- 


ods of  representing  standard  parts.  Notes 
and  specifications.  Bills  of  materials. 

READING  OF  HEATING  AND  PLUMBING 
PLANS  (ME-28) — Lessons  and  blueprints. 
Heating  and  plumbing  symbols.  Heating  and 
plumbing  plans  for  small  houses,  large 
houses,  apartment  houses  and  office  build- 
ings. Student  is  required  to  make  complete 
heating  and  plumbing  layouts  for  an  entire 
buildin.g  from  plans. 

CHEMISTRY  (Ac-17) — Fundamental  princi- 

ples and  the  applications  of  chemistry  nec- 
essary for  the  engineer.  Chemical  elements. 
Principles  and  laws.  Nomenclature.  Equa- 
tions. Acids  and  bases.  The  method  of  re- 
cording scientific  observations. 

PHYSICS  (Ac-26) — Simple  and  direct  instruc- 
tion dealing  with  the  transfer  of  energy  and 
the  properties  of  matter.  Heat  and  light. 
Electricity  and  magnetism. 

HEATING  AND  VENTILATING  (Ar-9)  — 
Physical  units  and  measurement  of  heat. 
Properties  of  water,  steam  and  air.  Heat 
transmission  of  building  construction.  Heat 
transmission  of  direct  radiators.  Radiators 
for  direct  heating.  Fuels  and  combustion. 
Steam-heating  boilers.  Hot-water  heaters. 
Heating  water  in  tanks  and  pools.  Draft 
and  chimneys  for  heating.  Ventilation  air 
analysis  and  ventilation  laws.  Gravity.  In- 
direct heating  by  steam  and  hot  water. 
Warm-air  furnace  heating.  Hot-blast  heat- 
ing. Air  conditioning.  Air  washing.  Humid- 
ifying. Cooling.  Drying.  Temperature  and 
humidity  control.  Exhaust-steam  heating. 
Central  station  or  district  heating.  Pipe  fit- 
tings. valves,  and  coverings.  Water  lines. 
Gas  lines.  Drainage  systems.  Preparation  of 
plans  and  specifications.  Estimating. 


'Optional.  (.See  Page  12.) 


Canadian  Student  Advances  from  Clerk  to 
Contractor 

I might  say  that  as  far  as  I have  gone  with 
the  course  it  is  all  and  more  than  I expected. 
Since  taking  up  the  course  I quit  my  old  posi- 
tion as  clerk  and  have  started  in  building 
houses.  I have  completed  one  and  have  two 
others  under  construction.  ^ I owe  this  to  the 
incentive  that  my  course  in  Architectural  Draw- 
ing has  given  me. 

— R.  F.  HUME,  Vancouver.  B.  C. 


Do  Xot,  Only  Look  On — Look  Ahead 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


75 


Architectural  Construction 

(Ar-2x) 

This  course  gives  thorough  instruction  in  Architectural  Drawing  and 
Building  Construction.  It  covers  all  the  work  in  the  general  architectural 
course,  and  further  comprises  an  extensive  and  thorough  study  of  building 
construction.  The  course  meets  the  requirements  of  the  advanced  student  who 
is  not  particularly  inclined  to  the  artistic  side  of  architecture,  but  who  pi’efers 
the  real  construction  and  engineering  side  of  the  profession.  It  is  arranged 
to  prepare  the  student  as  an  architectural  engineer,  building  superintendent, 
contractor,  construction  engineer,  building  inspector,  and  dealer  in  building 
materials.  It  will  assist  many  a carpenter,  mason,  foreman,  and  artisan  to 
a better  education  and  advanced  knowledge  of  his  own  trade. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 
rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthographic 
projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  Inter- 
section of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique  pro- 
jection. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

BUILDING  MATERIALS  (Ar-3)— Foundation 
bed.  Masonry  walls.  Footings.  Cements.  Mor- 
tars. Concrete.  Brick.  Stone.  Terra  cotta. 
Cast  iron.  Steel.  Wood.  Fireproofing  mate- 
rials. Reinforced  concrete.  Heating  and  venti- 
lation materials.  Plumbing  and  drainage  ma- 
terials. Electric  lighting  materials.  Plaster. 
Interior  trim.  Paint.  Roofing.  Tile.  Mis- 
cellaneous equipment. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — E.xplanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (Ar-4)— Foun- 
dations. Excavating.  Piling.  Shoring.  Foot- 
ings. Grillage.  Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick- 
work. Stonework.  Piers.  Arches.  Structural 
work.  Wooden  framing.  Interior  trim.  Stand- 
ard mill  construction.  Fireproof  construction. 
Reinforced  concrete.  Root  trusses.  Heating 
and  ventilation.  Plumbing  and  drainage.  Gas 
piping.  Electric  lighting.  Roofing.  Lathing 
and  plastering.  Painting  and  decorating. 
Miscellaneous  construction. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWING  (Ar-16)  — 

Sketch  plans.  Architectural  symbols.  Stair- 
way circulation.  Working  drawings  of  a brick 
house.  Working  drawings  of  a frame  house. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Sections.  Scale  and 
full-size  details.  Analysis  of  several  existing 
drawings. 

BUILDING  SUPERINTENDENCE  (Ar-5)  — 
Superintendent’s  duties.  Relation  of  owner 

'Optional.  (See  Page  12.) 


to  architect.  Relation  of  contractor  to  own- 
er. Architect’s  drawings  and  details.  Or- 
ganization. Stores  and  supplies.  Labor  re- 
ports. Workmanship.  Quality  of  materials. 
Reputation.  Finances. 

ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
— Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost.  Piece  rate.  Bonus.  Other 
systems.  Measuring  output  of  workmen. 
Quantity  survey.  Cost  keeping.  Office  appli- 
ances and  methods.  Bookkeeping  for  small 
cost.  Miscellaneous  cost  department  blanks. 
Practical  problems. 

SPECIFICATION  WRITING  ' (Ar-8)— Owner. 
Contractor.  Architect.  Sub-contractors.  Ma- 
terials. Labor.  Drawings.  Details.  Changes. 
Insurance.  City  laws.  Building  laws.  Protec- 
tion of  public.  Superintendent  or  foreman. 
Engineer  in  charge.  Payments.  Time  limits. 
Penalties.  Completion  of  work.  Arbitration. 

CONTRACTS  (Ar-7) — Competitive  bidding.  In- 
stniction  to  bidder.  Submission  of  proposal. 
Form  of  proposal.  General  contracts.  Sub- 
contracts. Separate  contracts.  Fixed-sum  con- 
tracts. Cost-plus-fee  contracts.  Other  contract 
forms.  Legal  details.  Standard  contract  of 
American  Institute  of  Architects.  Bond  of 
suretyship.  Quantity  system.  Progress  sched- 
ule. Schedule  of  values.  Payments. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform  motion.  Accelerated 
motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal  force. 
Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy. 

♦MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-121  — 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elastic 
change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials  of 
engineering.  Beams.  ’Theory  of  beams.  Re- 
action. Vertical  shear.  Bending  moment.  In- 
ternal and  external  forces.  Safe  loads.  Col- 
umn formulas.  Combined  stresses.  Axial 
shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience  and  work. 
Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials.  Torsion  of 
shafts. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  ellip- 
tical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angular 
perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspective  ren- 
derings. Light  and  shade.  Value  of  line. 
Building  sketches.  Landscape  composibion. 

FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)  — Letter 

construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 


Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


76 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)  — 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  horizon- 
tal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and  eleva- 
tions of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height  line. 
Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids.  Measuring 
point  method.  Practical  methods. 

THE  CLASSIC  ORDERS  (Ar-15)— General 
proportions.  Profile  of  mouldings.  Tuscan  or- 
der. Doric  order.  Ionic  order.  Corinthian  or- 
der. Comparison  of  orders.  Parapets  and  bal- 
ustrades. Doors  and  windows.  Colonnades. 


Arcades.  Superposition.  Modern  applications 
of  the  classic  orders. 

^SHADES  AND  SHADOWS  (Ar-14)— Point  of 
view.  Conventional  ray.  Similarity  of  shad- 
ows and  perspective.  Shadows  of  a circle. 
Shadows  of  straight  lines.  Shades  and  shad- 
ows of  spheres.  General  methods  of  casting 
shadows.  Oblique  projection.  Circumscribing 
surfaces.  Auxiliary  shadows.  Slicing  method. 
Practical  applications.  Shades  and  shadows 
of  cones.  Shades  and  shadows  of  cylinders. 
Miscellaneous  problems.  Shades  and  shadows 
of  the  classic  orders. 


Building  Contracting 

(Ar-6x) 

You  can  become  a building  contractor  and  share  in  the  billions  of  dollars 
that  are  spent  in  this  country  each  year  on  construction  work. 

Your  profits  are  regulated  by  your  ability  to  bid  intelligently  on  a con- 
tract and  then  carry  that  contract  through  to  completion.  Competition  in  this 
field  is  keen,  and  in  order  to  make  a success  you  must  have  a thorough,  prac- 
tical knowledge  of  every  part  of  your  work. 

This  course  affords  an  opportunity  for  the  skilled  workman  who  has  been 
employed  in  the  building  trades  and  now  wishes  to  strike  out  for  himself.  It  is 
ideal  for  the  technically  trained  man  now  employed  at  a comparatively  small 
salary  and  who  wishes  to  conduct  a contracting  business  of  his  own.  The  man 
already  engaged  in  construction  work  will  find  in  this  course  the  definite 
information  he  needs  to  develop  his  business  most  successfully. 


Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— 
Practice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
letterins.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drau'ino  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

BUILDING  MATERIALS  (Ar-3)  Foundation 
bed.  Masonry  walls.  Footings.  Cements. 
Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick.  Stone.  Terra 
cotta.  Cast  iron.  Steel.  Wood.  Fireproofing 
materials.  Reinforced  concrete.  Heating  and 
ventilation  materials.  Plumbing  and  drain- 
age materials.  Electric  lighting  materials. 
Plaster.  Interior  trim.  Paint.  Roofing.  Tile. 
Miscellaneous  equipment. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without  sec- 
tions. Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full 
lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Cor- 
rect methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts. 
Notes  and  specifications.  Bills  of  material. 

PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 


*Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 


in  This  Course: 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (Ar-4)— Foun- 
dations. Excavation.  Piling.  Shoring.  Foot- 
ings. Grillage.  Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick- 
work. Stonework.  Piers.  Arches.  Structural 
work.  Wooden  framing.  Interior  trim.  Stand- 
ard mill  construction.  Fireproof  construction. 
Reinforced  concrete.  Roof  trusses.  Heating 
and  ventilation.  Plumbing  and  drainage.  Gas 
piping.  Electric  lighting.  Roofing.  Lathing 
and  plastering.  Painting  and  decorating. 
Miscellaneous  construction. 

BUILDING  SUPERINTENDENCE  (Ar-5)— 
Superintendent’s  duties.  Relation  of  owner 
to  architect.  Relation  of  contractor  to  own- 
er. Architect’s  drawings  and  details.  Or- 
ganization. Stores  and  supplies.  Labor  re- 
ports. Workmanship.  Quality  of  materials. 
Reputation.  Finances. 

ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
— Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost.  Piece  rate.  Bonus.  Other 
systems.  Measuring  output  of  workmen. 
Quantity  survey.  Cost  keeping.  Office  appli- 
ances and  methods.  Bookkeeping  for  small 
cost.  Miscellaneous  cost  department  blanks. 
Practical  problems. 

CONTRACTS  (Ar-7) — Competitive  bidding.  In- 
struction to  bidders.  Submission  of  proposal. 
Form  of  proposal.  General  contracts.  Sub- 
contracts. Separate  contracts.  Fixed-sum  con- 
tracts. Cost-plus-fee  contracts.  Other  contract 
forms.  Legal  details.  Standard  contract  of 
American  Institute  of  Architects.  Bond  of 
suretyship.  Quantity  system.  Progress  sched- 
ule. Schedule  of  values.  Payments. 

SPECIFICATION  WRITING  (Ar-8)— Owner. 
Contractor.  Architect.  Sub-contractors.  Ma- 
terials. Labor.  Drawings.  Details.  Changes. 
Insurance.  City  laws.  Building  laws.  Protec- 
tion of  public.  Superintendent  or  foreman. 
Engineer  in  charge.  Payments.  Time  limits. 
Penalties.  Completion  of  work.  Arbitration. 


That  Job  Ahead — Can  You  Fill  Ilf 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


77 


Building  Construction 

(Ar-7x) 

This  course  is  for  the  man  who  desires  to  become  foreman  or  superinten- 
dent of  building  construction.  The  subject  matter  relates  to  buildings  of  all 
types  and  for  all  uses,  and  general  construction  problems,  such  as  are  encoun- 
tered by  the  general  contractor  on  steel,  wood,  masonry,  and  concrete  con- 
struction. The  course  is  entirely  practical,  and  will  be  especially  valuable  to 
the  man  already  engaged  in  this  line  of  work  and  who  is  desirous  of  advancing. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without  sec- 
tions. Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full 
lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Cor- 
rect methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts.  Notes 
and  specifications.  Bills  of  material. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

BUILDING  MATERIALS  (Ar-3) — Foundation 
bed.  Masonry  walls.  Footings.  Cements.  Mor- 
tars. Concrete.  Brick.  Stone.  Terra  cotta. 
Cast  iron.  Steel.  Wood.  Fireproofing  mate- 
rials. Reinforced  concrete.  Heating  and  venti- 
lation materials.  Plumbing  and  drainage  ma- 
terials. Electric  lighting  materials.  Plaster. 
Interior  trim.  Paint.  Roofing.  Tile.  Mis- 
cellaneous equipment. 


PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (Ar-4)— Foun- 
dations. Excavating.  Piling.  Shoring.  Foot- 
ings. Grillage.  Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick- 
work. Stonework.  Piers.  Arches.  Structural 
work.  Wooden  framing.  Interior  trim.  Stand- 
ard mill  construction.  Fireproof  construction. 
Reinforced  concrete.  Roof  trusses.  Heating 
and  ventilation.  Plumbing  and  drainage. 
Gas  piping.  Electric  lighting.  Roofing. 
Lathing  and  plastering.  Painting  and  dec- 
orating. Miscellaneous  construction.  Con- 
struction machinery. 


Estimating,  Cost  Keeping  and  Cost 
Accounting 

(Ar-9x) 

When  you  are  able  to  make  correct  building  estimates,  when  you  know 
the  operating  principles  of  modem  cost-keeping  methods  and  the  fundamental 
principles  of  cost  accounting,  you  are  well  on  your  way  toward  the  top. 

This  course,  which  goes  into  each  of  these  subjects  in  a practical  manner, 
will  be  of  inestimable  value  to  the  many  clerical  wmrkers  connected  in  one 
way  or  another  with  construction  w’ork. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

♦TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 


ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
— Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost.  Piece  rate.  Bonus.  Other 
systems.  Measuring  output  of  workmen. 
Quantity  survey.  Cost  keeping.  Office  appli- 
ances and  methods.  Bookkeeping  for  small 
cost.  Miscellaneous  cost  department  blanks. 
Practical  problems. 

COST  ACCOUNTING  (Co-4)— Principles.  Cost 
accounting  in  modern  business.  Routine  meth- 
ods. Relation  between  general  ledger  and 
cost  accounting.  Indirect  expense  accounts. 
Stores  and  stores  department.  Stores  ac- 
counting and  records.  Stores  problems.  Re- 
cording cost  of  labor.  Time  and  pay  rec- 
ords. Indirect  expense.  Schedule  of  fixed 
charges.  Expense  distribution.  Representa- 
tive cost  systems.  Graphic  presentation  of 
cost  data.  Use  of  charts.  Forms. 


^Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 


Study  Will  Bring  the  Success  You  Seek 


78 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Plan  Reading  and  Estimating 

(Ar-8x) 

A course  for  building  mechanics  wishing  to  qualify  for  advancement  by 
increasing  their  knowledge  of  mathematics,  plan  reading  and  estimating.  Tlie 
course  includes  the  necessary  instruction  in  mathematics  to  enable  the  student 
to  perform  the  calculations  required  in  connection  with  the  studies,  and  to 
understand  the  principles  upon  which  architectural  drawings  are  based,  fol- 
lowed by  a study  of  problems  and  practice  in  the  reading  of  blueprints.  The 
modern  methods  of  estimating  are  thoroughly  treated.  The  subject  of  cost- 
keeping is  broadly  explained  with  particular  reference  to  the  up-to-date  con- 
tractor's business  system. 

This  is  a course  of  special  usefulness  to  contractors  and  their  employees, 
who  need  the  knowledge  of  reading  of  drawings  and  a thorough  education  in 
estimating  and  cost  keeping. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion  by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without  sec- 
tions. Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full 
lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Cor- 
rect methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts.  Notes 
and  specifications.  Bills  of  material. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of.  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 


surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

^TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
w’hich  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
—Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost.  Piece  rate.  Bonus.  Other 
systems.  Measuring  output  of  workmen. 
Quantity  survey.  Cost  keeping.  Office  appli- 
ances and  methods.  Bookkeeping  for  small 
cost.  Miscellaneous  cost  department  blanks. 
Practical  problems. 


Estimating 

(Ar-5x) 

This  course  is  arranged  to  give  a thorough  review  or  instruction  in 
mathematics  and  an  extensive  training  in  the  making  of  building  estimates, 
together  with  the  modern  cost  keeping  methods  met  with  in  the  contractor’s 
office.  It’s  just  the  sort  of  instraction  needed  by  many  office  workers  or 
clerical  employees  connected  in  one  way  or  another  with  building  operations. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ALGEBRA  (Ma-3)^ — ^Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

^TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
w’hich  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 


engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
— Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost..  Piece  rate.  Bonus.  Other 
systems.  Measuring  output  of  workmen. 
Quantity  survey.  Cost  keeping.  Office  appli- 
ances and  methods.  Bookkeeping  for  small 
cost.  Miscellaneous  cost  department  blanks. 
Practical  problems. 


'Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 

\^OTE:  Tratntttg  equivalent  to  that  given  in  Elementary  Architectural  Drawing  (Ar-13^).  or 

Plan  Reading  with  Mathematics  (Ar-lSx),  will  be  necessary  in  order  to  undertake  the  study 
of  this  course. 


Nothing  is  so  costly  as  ignorance.  You  soze  the  zvrong  seed,  you  plant  the  zerong 
field,  you  build  zvith  the  zerong  timber,  you  buy  the  zsrong  ticket,  you  take  the  wrong 
train,  you  settle  in  the  zerong  locality,  or  you  take  the  zorong  medicine,  and  no  money 
can  make  good  your  mistake. — Dr.  Fozeler. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


79 


Plan  Reading 

(Ar-20x) 

In  every  sort  of  construction  work  it  is  essential  that  the  man  who  desires 
to  get  ahead  should  know  how  to  read  plans  correctly.  This  course  is  of 
especial  value  to  building  mechanics,  contractors,  and  their  employees. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  fDr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  means  of  views,  with  or  without  sections. 
Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full  lines, 
dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Correct 
methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts. 
Notes  and  specifications.  Bills  of  material. 


PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 


Textbooks 

Each  a Recognized  Authority. 

The  eighteen  Textbooks  furnished  with  the  Complete 
Architectural  Course.  No  extra  charge. 


80 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Plan  Reading  with  Mathematics 

(Ar-18x) 

A course  for  building  mechanics  who  wish  to  improve  their  positions  by 
increasing  their  knowledge  of  mathematics  and  plan  reading.  The  course 
includes  the  necessary  instruction  in  arithmetic  and  geometry,  and  in  a partic- 
ularly effective  way  trains  the  student  in  plan  reading.  Several  practice  prob- 
lems are  included  to  make  the  course  more  interesting  and  valuable. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44) — Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  means  of  views,  with  or  without  sections. 
Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full  lines, 
dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Correct 
methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional 
methods  of  representing  standard  parts. 
Notes  and  specifications.  Bills  of  material. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 


GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

PLAN  READING  (Ar-23)— Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 
plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 


Own  Your  Home 

(Ar-19x) 

The  desire  to  own  your  own  home  is  one  of  the  primal  natural  instincts 
of  every  real  red-blooded  man  and  woman.  You  can  now  realize  this  desire  by 
turning  the  rent  you  pay  a landlord  into  purchasing  a home  of  your  own. 
With  a small  initial  payment  it  is  now  possible  to  move  into  a dwelling  that 
is  yours.  But  in  acquiring  a home  many  problems  confront  the  average  buyer 
or  builder.  Millions  of  dollars  are  lost  each  year  due  to  the  lack  of  housing 
knowledge. 

To  the  home  builder  or  buyer,  this  course  will  prove  of  intense  value.  The 
student  is  given  the  benefit  of  expert  instruction.  The  projects  he  studies 
are  written  by  specialists  of  national  reputation.  Every  problem  encountered 
by  the  average  builder  or  buyer  is  well  covered.  This  course  will  be  the 
means  of  saving  many  hundreds  and  even  thousands  of  dollars  to  those  who 
contemplate  becoming  home  owners. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


HOME  OWNERSHIP  (Ar-261— Advantages  of 
Home  Ownership — Pride  in  possession  and 
maintenance  of  home.  A deed  for  a house 
rather  than  rent  receipts. 

Architectural  Styles  in  Domestic  Architecture 
— Prehistoric  shelter.  Renaissance  and  mod- 
ern dwellings.  Colonial.  English.  Dutch. 
Mission.  L’Art  Nouveau.  Japanese.  Ital- 
ian. Formal  and  informal  design. 

Selection  of  Site — Cost.  Building  restrictions. 
Proper  distances.  Natural  advantages.  Pub- 
lic utilities.  Street  improvements.  Con- 
veniences. City  and  suburban  lots.  Country 
places.  A clear  title. 

House  Owning  Financial  Problem — Method  of 
financing.  Building  and  owning  without  a 
mortgage.  First  mortgage.  Second  mort- 
gage. Contract.  Cooperative  savings  and 
loan  associations.  Membership  for  saving 
and  borrowing. 


House  Planning — The  architect.  The  contrac- 
tor. Design  of  the  home.  Specifications  and 
legal  documents.  Cost  estimate.  Bids.  Let- 
ting contracts. 

House  Building— Excavation  for  the  house.  Ad- 
vantages of  frame  house.  Advantages  of 
masonry  and  fireproof  construction.  Carpen- 
try. Cabinet  work.  Plastering.  Necessity 
of  a good  roof.  Sanitary  plumbing.  Sewage 
disposal.  Plumbing  fixtures.  Heating  meth- 
ods. Lighting  systems.  Decoration.  Paint- 
ing. Useful  apparatus  and  practical  hard- 
ware. 

Planting  the  Home  Grounds — Drives.  Walks. 
Shrubbery.  Plants.  Trees.  Hedges. 

When  to  Build  and  When  to  Buy — Season  of 
year.  Local  market  conditions.  Remodeling 
advisable  under  favorable  conditions  only. 
Plan  each  step  carefully.  Figure  costs  close- 
ly. Install  modern  heating  and  plumbing 
systems.  Requisites  for  a garage  with  a com- 
plete apparatus. 


More  Knou’ledge  Increased  His  Earning  Power 

My  salary  has  increased  from  $200  to  $250  a month,  so  I sure  feel  justified  in  digging  in 
after  more. — A.  N.  FELTS,  Santa  Maria  Calif. 


Think  What  You  Might  Be  If  You  Knew  More 


CIVIL  engineering  is  growing  in  importance. 
Every  public  improvement  is  dependent  on 
some  department  of  civil  engineering  for  its 
design  and  execution,  and  there  are  few  professions 
which  a young  man  can  enter  with  greater  oppor- 
tunities or  so  high  a salary  at  the  start.  In  1917 
the  average  salary  of  civil  engineers  after  ten  years 
in  practice,  was  between  $3,000  and  $4,000.  Since 
then  the  average  has  largely  increased. 

Civil  engineering  leads  to  higher  positions 
where  a man  may  combine  executive  ability  with 
technical  knowledge.  Some  civil  engineers  are  paid 
as  much  as  $50,000,  $75,000,  or  even  $100,000  a year. 
These  men  are  directors,  general  managers,  or 
presidents  of  large  companies  and  have  found  their 
engineering  experience  a necessary  part  of  their 
FRANK  T.  TOWNSEND  training. 

No  ambitious  man  who  chooses  civil  engineer- 
ing as  a life  work  need  lack  the  necessary^  education.  Among  natural  charac- 
teristics he  should  possess  normal  intelligence,  honesty,  health,  ambition  and 
grit,  taste  for  mathematics,  and  the  ability  to  read  and  write  English.  All 
else  he  can  acquire.  The  Civil  Engineering  Courses  offered  by  the  United 
Y.M.C.A.  Schools  start  from  the  bottom,  and  for  this  reason  it  is  not  necessary 
for  a student  to  have  previous  preparation. 

If  a man  gives  conscientious  work  to  a spare-hour  engineering  course,  he 
will  get  all  the  knowledge  he  would  acquire  in  the  technical  school,  except  shop 
work  and  laboratory  experience,  which  may  be  obtained  in  actual  practice;  and 
he  will  draw  a good  salary  while  he  is  learning  the  practical  work. 


Arrangement  of  Courses 


Capable  Instructors  Insure  Results 

The  Civil  Engineering  Courses  were  prepared 
by  and  are  under  the  supervision  of  Frank  T. 
Townsend,  C.E.,  Associate  Member  American  So- 
ciety of  Civil  Engineers,  and  a graduate  of 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute.  Mr.  Townsend 
has  had  a broad  experience  in  engineering  design 
and  construction,  having  been  successively  engaged 
in  structural  steel,  railroad,  water  supply,  and  high- 
way engineering.  Formerly  he  was  associate  editor 
of  Engineering  News-Record. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  courses  Mr.  Townsend 
has  been  ably  assisted  by  H.  P.  Hammond,  C.E., 
Professor  of  Hydraulic  and  Sanitary  engineering 


To  accommodate  the  growing  demand  for  specialization,  we  have  arranged 
our  Civil  Engineering  Course  by  groups.  A diploma  is  given  to  those  who 
complete  the  Civil  Engineering  Course  (CE-25x)  including  two  or  more  of  the 
elective  groups.  It  will  indicate  in  which  groups  the  student  has  specialized. 

Those  desiring  shorter  and  more  specialized  programs  of  study  will  find 
suitable  courses  described  in  this  section.  The  Diploma  or  Certificate  for  these 
courses  bears  the  same  name  as  that  under  which 
the  course  is  described. 


Determination  Will  Achieve  Your  Desires 


82 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute,  and  E.  J.  Squire,  C.E.,  Associate  Pro- 
fessor of  Structural  Engineering  at  the  same  school.  J.  A.  Weyant,  C.E.,  a 
graduate  of  Columbia  University,  who  has  had  several  years’  practical  expe- 
rience in  structural  engineering  design,  is  first  assistant  in  the  Civil  Engineer- 
ing Department  and  is  directly  in  charge  of  the  instruction  work. 


Civil  Engineering 

(CE-25.X) 

Civil  Engineering,  as  described  in  this  course,  is  exceedingly  broad,  for  it 
covers  the  entire  range  of  subjects  ordinarily  considered  under  this  general 
classification.  The  man  who  has  not  the  opportunity  to  attend  college,  but  who 
wishes  to  obtain  a broad  and  comprehensive  training  in  the  field  of  civil  engi- 
neering, will  find  his  oi^portunity  in  the  program  of  subjects  outlined  here. 
He  may  be  sure  that  after  having  completed  the  work,  he  will  have  a training 
that  will  enable  him  to  enter  the  field  with  confidence  and  to  give  satisfaction 
in  the  positions  of  larger  resp6nsibility  that  will  come  to  him  later.  The  man 
whose  college  course  in  civil  engineering  has  been  interrupted  and  who  wishes 
to  complete  his  education  by  correspondence,  will  find  a similar  opportunity. 

University  graduates  should  not  overlook  the  fact  that  our  offering  in 
civil  engineering  provides  specialized  training  in  definite  branches  of  civil  engi- 
neering. The  offering  is  particularly  advantageous  for  this  type  of  men,  as 


practical  considerations  are  emphasized 
Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)  Prac- 
tice in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  con.siderations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorou.gh  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
W’ith  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)  — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 

— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering stinictures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

THE  USE  OF  THE  SLIDE  RULE  (CE-1)  — 
Construction  and  care  of  rule.  Various  types 


*Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 

The  Most  Service  fo 


throughout. 
in  This  Course: 

of  rules.  Mechanical  multiplication  and  di- 
vision. Roots.  Powers.  Setting  the  rule  to 
perform  various  arithmetical  and  trigono- 
metric calculations.  Locating  the  decimal 
point.  How  to  lierform  a series  of  opera- 
tions on  the  rule. 

A practical  slide  rule  furnished — no  additional- 
charge. 

BL'SINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Formation  of  con- 
tracts. Competent  parties.  Operation  and 
discharge  of  contracts.  Discharge  in  bank- 
ruptcy. Contracts  concerning  goods.  Sales 
of  goods.  Duties  of  seller.  Duties  of  buyer. 
Bailment  of  goods.  Contracts  concerning 
credits.  Negotiable  instruments.  Conduct  of 
business  through  representatives.  Property 
in  land  and  movables.  Real  property.  Per- 
sonal property. 

ENGINEERING  CONTRACTS  AND  SPECI- 
FICATIONS (CE-2) — Contract  and  bond. 
Advertisements.  Information  for  bidders. 
Proposals.  Composition  of  specifications  both 
as  to  general  and  special  clauses. 

NOTE — Not  required  of  students  electing 
Building  Construction  Group. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane. 
Rotary  motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

*MINE  SURVEYING  (CE-4) — Plane  survey- 
ing applied  to  underground  work.  Special 
equipment  for  underground  work.  Sub-sur- 
face survey  methods.  Maps,  projections  and 
mine  models.  Exploratory  and  magnetic  sur- 
veys. Connecting  the  surface  and  under- 
groun<l  work. 

Plane  Surveying  (CE-3)  as  described  on  page 
83  must  be  taken  if  this  subject  is  elected. 


the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


83 


To  Obtain  a Diploma  in  Civil  Engineering 

tn  addition  to  the  general  subjects  already  listed,  two  of  the  following  specialized  groups  are 
required.  If  more  than  two  groups  are  desired  they  may  be  had  at 
an  additional  cost,  as  listed  on  the  rate  sheet. 

Helpful  Suggestions  Regarding  Desirable  Group  Combinations 

Construction  Engineering  Groups 


Municipal  Engineering  Groups 


Group  2. 
Group  5. 

Highway  Engineering. 
Structural  Steel  Engineering. 

Group  2. 
Group  4. 

Highway  Engineering. 
Concrete  Engineering. 

Group  2. 
Group  5. 
Group  4. 

Highway  Engineering. 
Structural  Steel  Engineering. 
Concrete  Engineering. 

Group  7. 
Group  6. 

Water  Supply  Engineering. 
Sewerage  Engineering. 

Group  2. 
Group  5. 
Group  4. 
Group  7. 
Group  6. 

Highway  Engineering. 
Structural  Steel  Engineering. 
Concrete  Engineering. 

Water  Supply  Engineering. 
Sewerage  Engineering. 

Road  Engineering  Groups 

Group  2.  Highway  Engineering. 
Group  3.  Railroad  Engineering. 

Structural  Engineering  Groups 
Group  5.  Structural  Steel  Enifineering. 
Group  4.  Concrete  Engineering. 


Group  1.  Building  Construction. 

Group  5.  Structural  Steel  Engineering. 


Group  1.  Building  Construction. 
Group  4.  Concrete  Engineering. 


Group  1.  Building  Construction. 

Group  5.  Structural  Steel  Engineering. 
Group  4.  Concrete  Engineering. 


Hydraulic  Engineering  Groups 

Sanitary  Engineering 
Group  7.  Water  Supply  Engineering. 
Group  6.  Sewerage  Engineering. 


Irrigation  Engineering 
Group  9.  Irrigation  Engineering. 
Group  4.  Concrete  Engineering. 


Drainage  Engineering 
Group  8.  Drainage  Engineering. 
Group  4.  Concrete  Engineering. 


Building  Construction  (Group  1) 


BUILDING  MATERIALS  (Ar-3)— Foundation 
bed.  MasoniT  walls.  Footings.  Cements. 
Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick.  Stone.  Terra  cotta. 
Cast  iron.  Steel.  Wood.  Fireproofing  mate- 
rials. Reinforced  concrete.  Plumbing  and 
drainage  materials.  Plaster.  Interior  trim. 
Paint.  Roofing.  Tile.  Miscellaneous  equip- 
ment. 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (Ar-4)— Foun- 
dations. Excavations.  Piling.  Shoring.  Foot- 
ings. Grillage.  Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick- 
work. Stonework.  Piers.  Arches.  Structural 
work.  Wooden  framing.  Interior  trim.  Stand- 
ard mill  construction.  Fireproof  constnic- 
tion.  Reinforced  concrete.  Roof  trusses. 
Heating  and  ventilation.  Plumbing  and 
drainage.  Gas  piping.  Electric  lighting. 
Roofing.  Lathing  and  plastering.  Painting 
and  decorating.  Miscellaneous  construction. 
Construction  machinery. 

BUILDING  SUPERINTENDENCE  (Ar-5)  — 
Superintendent’s  duties.  Relation  of  owner 
to  architect.  Relation  of  contractor  to  own- 
er. Architect’s  drawings  and  details.  Or- 
ganization. Stores  and  supplies.  Labor.  Re- 
ports. Workmanship.  Quality  of  materials. 
Reputation.  Finances. 


ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
— Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost.  Piece-rate  bonus  Meas- 
uring output  of  workmen.  Quantity  sui-vey. 
Cost  keeping.  Office  appliances  and  meth- 
ods. Bookkeeping  for  small  cost.  Miscel- 
laneous cost  department  blanks.  Practical 
problems. 

CONTRACTS  (Ar-7) — Competitive  bidding.  In- 
structions to  bidders.  Submission  of  pro- 
posal. Form  of  proposal.  General  contracts. 
Sub-contracts.  Separate  contracts.  Fixed 
sum  contracts.  Cost-plus-fee  contracts.  Oth- 
er contract  forms.  Legal  details.  Standard 
contracts  of  American  Institute  of  Archi- 
tects. Bond  of  suretyship.  Quantity  system. 
Progress  schedule.  Schedule  of  values.  Pay- 
ments. 

SPECIFICATION  WRITING  (Ar-8)— Owner. 
Contractor.  Architect.  Sub-contractors.  Mate- 
rials. Labor.  Drawings.  Details.  Changes. 
Insurance.  City  laws.  Building  laws.  Protec- 
tion of  public.  Superintendent  or  foreman. 
Engineer  in  charge.  Payments.  Time  lim- 
its. Penalties.  Completion  of  work.  Ar- 
bitration. 


Highway  Engineering  (Group  2) 


PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 

conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private 
and  U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping. 
Topographic,  hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

HIGHWAY  DRAFTING  (CE-5)— Making  high- 
way maps.  Preparation  of  general  plans. 
Plotting  of  cross  sections,  profiles,  and  oth- 


er earthwork  plans.  Vertical  curves.  Com- 
putation of  excavation  and  embankment. 
Preparing  sheets  of  standards.  Construction. 

HIGHWAY  SURVEYING  (CE-6)— Organiza- 
tion, equipment  and  duties  of  field  parties. 
Field  methods  for  alignment,  level,  topogra- 
phy and  construction  surveys.  Bench  levels. 
Surveys  for  cross-sections.  Computation  and 
staking  of  curves.  Field  notes.  Highway 
photography.  Camp  equipment  and  medicine. 

‘HYDRAULICS  (CE-18)— Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 


'Optional.  (Sec  Page  12.) 

Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


84 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Pressure  of^  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Pres- 
sure gauges.  Water  meters.  Current  meters. 
The  Pitot  tube.  Flow  of  w’ater  through  ori- 
fices, over  w’eirs  of  various  types,  through 
tubes  and  pipes,  in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches 
and  canals.  Dynamic  pressure  of  water. 
Water  hammer.  Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s, 
Kutter’s  and  other  hydraulic  formulas. 

HIGHWAY  ENGINEERING  (CE-7)— Theory 
and  practice  in  the  design  and  construction 
of  highways. 

General  Principles  of  Design — Analysis  of  the 
highway  problem.  Maximum  and  ruling 
grades.  Adverse  grades.  Alignment  and 
curvature.  Economic  considerations. 

Preliminary  Investigations  for  Roads — Recon- 
naissance surveys.  Material  surveys.  Esti- 
mates of  cost. 

Selection  of  Surfacing — Low-cost  construction. 


such  as  earth,  sand-clay  and  gravel.  Me- 
dium-priced roads,  such  as  macadam  and  bi- 
tuminous macadam.  High-cost  roads,  such 
as  asphalt  and  Tarvia  types  on  concrete 
bases  ; concrete  surfaces  ; wood-block  ; brick, 
and  granite  pavements. 

Office  Design — Design  of  road-bed  or  perma- 
nent way.  Typical  cross-sections.  Drainage 
problems.  Run-off  from  areas.  Ditch  grades. 
Culverts  and  bridges.  Sub-surface  drainage. 
Grade  line.  Estimate  of  quantities  and  cost. 
Organization  of  office  forces.  Preparation 
of  ^ construction  plans.  General  cost  data. 
Principles  of  city  pavement  design. 

Construction — Rough  and  fine  grading.  Stak- 
ing out  construction.  Inspection  of  construc- 
tion details  for  various  types  of  surfacings. 

Maintenance — Oiling.  Surface  treatments. 
Patching.  Resurfacing. 


Railroad  Engineering  (Group  3) 


PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

RAILROAD  SURVEYING  (CE-9)— Prelimi- 
nary conceptions.  Theory  computation  and 
staking  out  simple  curves,  compound  curves, 
reverse  curves,  parabolic  curves,  vertical 
curves,  turnouts  and  switches,  connecting 
tracks  and  crossings,  spiral  easement  curves. 
Special  problems.  Use  of  curve  tables.  Set- 
ting slope  stakes.  Computation  of  earth- 
work quantities.  Computation  of  haul. 

*HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Water 
meters.  Current  meters.  The  Pitot  tube. 
Flow  of  water  through  orifices,  over  weirs 
of  various  types,  through  tubes  and  pipes, 
in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches  and  canals.  Dy- 
namic pressure  of  water.  Water  hammer. 


Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s,  Kutter’s  and 
other  hydraulic  formulas. 

RAILROAD  ENGINEERING  (CE-10)— Eco- 
nomic theory  of  railway  location,  construc- 
tion, equipment  and  maintenance. 

Railroad  Finances — Organization.  Issuing  stocks 
and  bonds.  Estimates  for  construction  and 
operation.  Failures.  Dangers  of  over-capi- 
talization and  stock  watering. 

Location  and  Construction — Preliminary  sur- 
veys. Alignment  location.  Construction  sur- 
veys. Construction  of  the  permanent  way. 

Track — Rails  and  rail  fastenings.  Cross-ties 
and  their  preservation.  Ballast  and  roadbed. 
Culverts  and  bridges.  Turnouts,  side  tracks 
and  yards.  Elevation  of  the  outer  rail.  Sig- 
naling. 

Equipment  and  Operation — The  locomotive  and 
its  work.  Effect  of  distance,  rise  and  fall, 
and  curvature  on  operating  train-miie  costs. 
Effect  of  the  number  of  trains  on  operating 
cost,  assuming  a constant  tonnage. 

Maintenance — Problems  in  connection  with 
changes  of  distance,  rise  and  fall,  and  curv- 
ature. Betterment  surveys.  Repairs.  Rail- 
road expenditures  in  fixed  charges  and  op- 
erating expense.  Evaluation  of  railroads. 


Concrete  Engineering  (Group  4) 


♦ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  (Ma-25)— A thorough 
study  of  the  algebraic  principles  most  useful 
and  helpful  to  the  practical  man. 

♦ANALYTIC  GEOMETRY  (Ma-24)— Selected 
lessons  treating  of  the  relation  between  the 
equation  and  the  graph.  This  subject  is  par- 
ticularly helpful  in  the  field  of  engineering. 

♦CALCULUS  {Ma-81— A simple  and  direct 
treatment  of  both  branches  of  the  calculus 
applied  to  problem  in  dynamics  and  civil 
engineering.  Many  interesting  problems  are 
discussed. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engineer- 
ing. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  General 
theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  STRUCTURAL  ENGINEER- 
ING (CE-8) — Outer  and  inner  forces.  Live 
and  dead  load.  Wind  and  snow  loads.  Im- 
pact. Summary  of  laws  of  statics.  Reac- 
tions. Shears  and  moments.  Graphic  stat- 


*  Optional.  (See  Page  12.) 


ics.  Concentrated  load  systems.  Engine  dia- 
grams. Maximum  shears  and  moments.  Beam 
design.  Computation  of  stresses  in  statically 
determinate  trusses  by  various  methods.  De- 
sign of  a complete  roof  truss. 

CONCRETE  ENGINEERING  (CE-14)— Design, 
estimating  and  construction  of  reinforced 
concrete  beams,  columns,  retaining  walls, 
floors,  buildings  and  bridges. 

Physical  Characteristics  • of  Reinforced  Con- 
crete— Properties  and  proportioning  of  con- 
crete. Properties  of  steel.  Properties  of 
concrete  and  steel  in  combination. 

Rectangular  Beams,  T-Beams  and  Slabs — Flex- 
ure formulas  for  plain  and  reinforced  con- 
crete beams.  Shearing  and  inclined  tensile 
stresses.  Weh  reinforcement.  Bond  stress. 
Vertical  and  inclined  reinforcement  by  bent 
rods  and  stirrups.  Arrangement  of  rein- 
forcement. Economical  proportioning.  Beam 
deflection.  Beam  design.  Design  of  slabs. 
Design  of  T-Beams.  Distribution  of  loads. 
Beams  reinforced  at  top  and  bottom.  Con- 
tinuous beams.  Tables  and  diagrams  for 
the  design  of  beams.  T-beams  and  slabs. 

Columns — Design  of  plain  concrete  columns. 


Determination  Jill!  Achieve  Your  Desires 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


85 


IionRitudlnal  reinforcement  of  columns.  Band 
reinforcement.  Use  of  structural  steel  shapes. 
Tests.  Design  by  various  column  formulas. 
Tables  and  diagrams  for  the  design  of  col- 
umns. Bending  and  direct  stress. 

Retaining  Walls — Theory,  stability  and  design 
of  plain  concrete  walls.  Design  of  rein- 
forced cantilever  and  counterforted  walls. 
Special  designs.  Wall  construction  and  esti- 
mating. 

Design  of  Buildings — Floor  design  with  mono- 
lithic beam  and  girder  construction,  with  the 
use  of  one-way  hollow  tile,  cantilever  and 


flat  slab  construction.  Steel  frame  construc- 
tion with  flat  slabs.  Distribution  of  loading. 
Placing  machinery.  Waterproofing.  Testing. 
Roofs.  Columns.  Foundations.  Walls  and  par- 
titions. Stairs.  Elevator  shafts,  etc.  Construc- 
tion of  forms.  Bending  and  placing  rein- 
forcement. Handling  concrete.  Finishing 
concrete  surfaces.  Construction  plant.  Ma- 
terials. Sheer  and  moment  in  continuous 
floors  and  beams.  Eccentric  loads  on  col- 
umns. Estimating  reinforced  concrete  build- 
ings. 

Bridges — Beam  bridges.  Girder  bridges.  Esti- 
mating and  construction.  Forms. 


Structural  Steel  Engineering  (Group  5) 


‘ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  (Ma-25)— A thorough 
study  of  the  algebraic  principles  most  useful 
and  helpful  to  the  practical  man. 

‘ANALYTIC  GEOMETRY  (Ma-24)— Selected 
lessons  treating  of  the  relation  between  the 
equation  and  the  graph.  This  subject  is  par- 
ticularly helpful  in  the  field  of  engineering. 

‘CALCULUS  (Ma-8) — A simple  and  direct 
treatment  of-  both  branches  of  the  calculus 
applied  to  problems  in  dynamics  and  civil 
engineering.  Many  interesting  problems  are 
discussed. 

STRUCTURAL  DRAFTING  (CE-16)— Defini- 
tions and  general  methods.  Plate  layouts. 
Steel  shapes.  Shop  drawings  for  beams. 
Channels  and  their  connections.  Plate  gird- 
ers. Roof  trusses.  Columns.  Bridge  trusses. 
Mill  buildings.  Checking  and  correcting  draw- 
ings. Bills  of  materials.  Shop  bills.  Ship- 
ping bills.  Miscellaneous  drawings  and  lists. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struct- 
ural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engineer- 
ing. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  General 
theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  STRUCTURAL  ENGINEER- 
ING (CE-8) — Outer  and  inner  forces.  Live 


and  dead  load.  Wind  and  snow  loads.  Im- 
pact. Summary  of  laws  of  statics.  Reac- 
tions. Shears  and  moments.  Graphic  statics. 
Concentrated  load  systems.  Engine  diagrams. 
Maximum  shears  and  moments.  Beam  de- 
sign. Computation  of  stresses  in  statically 
determinate  trusses  by  various  methods.  De- 
sign of  complete  roof  truss. 

STRUCTURAL  STEEL  ENGINEERING 
(CE-17) — Application  of  the  theory  of  struc- 
tures to  structural  steel  design. 

Plate  Girder  Design — The  theory.  Determina- 
tion of  rivet  spacing.  Design  of  details  such 
as  stiffeners,  cover  plates,  end-connections, 
connection  angles,  splices  and  splice  fillers. 
Complete  design  of  a deck  plate  girder 
bridge. 

Trusses — Various  types  of  trusses  and  the 
computation  of  stresses  due  to  dead  and  live 
load  by  analytical  and  graphical  methods. 
The  use  of  the  influence  line  in  studying 
load  effects.  Maximum  shears  and  bending 
moments  due  to  Cooper’s  engine  loadings. 
Trusses  with  non-parallel  chords.  Trusses 
with  complicated  and  secondary  web  sys- 
tems. Multiple  web  systems.  Computation 
of  stresses  in  lateral  bracing.  Elastic  and 
non-elastic  deflections. 

Truss  Design — Proportioning  the  cross-sections 
of  tension  and  compression  members.  De- 
sign of  truss  joints.  Design  of  bracing. 


Sewerage  Engineering  (Group  6) 


PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3) — PreliminaiT 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engi- 
neering. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Gen- 
eral theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Water 
meters.  Current  meters.  The  Pitot  tube. 
Flow  of  water  through  orifices,  over  weirs 
of  various  types,  through  tubes  and  pipes, 
in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches  and  canals.  Dy- 


namic pressure  of  water.  Water  hammer. 
Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s,  Kutter’s  and  oth- 
er hydraulic  formulas. 

SEWERAGE  ENGINEERING  (CE-19)— Appli- 
cation of  hydraulics  to  the  drainage  and  dis- 
posal of  city  wastes. 

Design,  Terms,  Data — Definitions.  Population 
studies  and  estimates  of  future  requirements. 
Water  consumption  studies.  Rainfall  deter- 
minations. Run-off  formulas.  Sewer  gaug- 
ings.  Sewer  surveys.  Cost  estimating. 

Sewer  Design — Design  of  separate  systems. 
Rational  method  of  storm-water  sewer  de- 
sign. Design  of  combined  systems.  The 
hydraulics  of  sewers.  Sewer  appurtenances, 
manholes,  catch-basins,  inlets,  etc. 

Construction — Surveys.  Sheeting  and  bracing 
in  trenching.  Construction  of  pipe,  brick 
and  concrete  sewers. 

Sewage  Disposal — Chemical  and  biological  char- 
acteristics of  sewage.  Sedimentation  and 
sceptic  processes.  Imhoff  and  activated 
sludge  processes.  Sludge  and  contact  beds. 
Trickling  filters.  Sand  filters  and  disinfec- 
tion. Disposal  by  irrigation  processes. 


’‘Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 


In  the  Long  Run,  Trained  Heads  ITtn 


86 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.A.  A.  SCHOOLS 


Water  Supply  Engineering  (Group  7) 


PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3) — Preliminary 

conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations. 
Determination  of  meridian,  latitude,  longi- 
tude and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Pri- 
vate and  U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping. 
Topographic,  hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engi- 
neering. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Gen- 
eral theory  of  beams.  Overhanginc  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Wa- 
ter meters.  Current  meters.  The  Pitot  tube. 
Flow  of  water  through  orifices,  over  weirs 
of  various  types,  through  tubes  and  pipes, 
in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches  and  canals.  Dy- 
namic pressure  of  water.  Water  hammer. 
Study  of  Francis’.  Bazin’s,  Kutter’s  and  oth- 
er hydraulic  formulas. 


WATER  SUPPLY  ENGINEERING  (CE-20)— 
Sources  of  potable  water  supplies  and  the 
methods  of  designing  and  constructing  works 
for  their  utilization. 

Quantity,  Source  and  Quality  of  Water  Supply 
— Quantity  required  for  cities,  per  capita. 
Estimating  future  requirements.  Sources  of 
supply — rainfall  and  evaporation,  percolation 
and  flow  in  streams.  Quality  of  various  sup- 
plies from  physical,  chemical  and  bacterio- 
logical standpoints.  Chemical  and  micro- 
scopic methods  of  examination.  Communi- 
cable diseases  and  their  relation  to  water 
supplies. 

Works  for  Collection  of  Water — General  prin- 
ciples of  construction.  River  and  lake  in- 
takes. Ground  water.  Supplies  from  springs 
and  wells.  Reservoirs  and  dams.  Timber, 
masonry,  steel  and  loose-rock  dams  and  their 
construction. 

Works  for  Purification  of  Water-— Sedimenta- 
tion and  slow  sand  filtration.  Rapid  sand 
filtration.  Construction  of  filters.  Miscella- 
neous processes. 

Works  for  Distribution  of  Water — Pipes,  pipe 
lines  and  conduits.  Masonry  aqueducts  and 
canals.  Equalizing  reservoirs  and  their  re- 
lation to  pumping.  Pumping  machinery. 
Cost,  operation  and  maintenance. 


Drainage  Engineering  (Group  8) 


PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3 )— Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private 
and  U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping. 
Topographic,  hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 
MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engi- 
neering. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Gen- 
eral theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  wmrk.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Water 
meters.  Current  meters.  The  Pitot  tube. 
Flow  of  water  through  orifices,  over  weirs  of 
various  types,  through  tubes  and  pipes,  in 
conduits,  sewers,  ditches  and  canals.  Dy- 


namic pressure  of  water.  Water  hammer. 
Study  of  Francis’.  Bazin’s.  Kutter’s  and  oth- 
er hydraulic  formulas. 

DRAINAGE  ENGINEERING  (CE-21)— Design, 
construction,  operation  and  maintenance  of 
drainage  systems. 

Collection  of  General  Data — Development  of 
land  drainage.  Qualifications  and  opportuni- 
ties of  the  drainage  engineer.  Preliminary 
surveys  and  estimates.  Run-off  from  under- 
drained areas.  Run-off  from  large  areas. 

Open  Drainage — Soil  drainage  by  open  chan- 
nels. Flow  in  open  channels.  Location  and 
construction  of  ditches  and  the  problems  con- 
nected therewith. 

Under-Drainage — Location  and  construction  of 
under-drains.  Flow  in  under-drains.  Proper 
size  of  tile  drains. 

Special  Drainage  Problems — Organization  of 
drainage  districts  and  their  operation.  De- 
sign. construction  and  maintenance  of  levee 
drainage  systems.  Reclamation  of  tidal  lands. 
Drainage  of  irrigated  lands.  Drainage  of 
muck  and  peat  lands.  Control  of  hill  waters. 
Drainage  of  home  surroundings.  Cost  esti- 
mates of  drainage  construction,  operation 
and  maintenance. 


Irrigation  Engineering  (Group  9) 


PLANE  SURVEYING  (CEl-3) — Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic. hydrographic  and  city  surs-eys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  .strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engi- 
neering. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Gen- 
eral theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 


shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 
HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Water 
meters.  Current  meters.  The  Pitot  tube. 
Flow  of  water  throu,gh  orifices,  over  weirs 
of  various  types,  through  tubes  and  pipes, 
in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches  and  canals.  Dy- 
namic pressure  of  water.  Water  hammer. 
Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s,  Kutter’s  and  oth- 
er hydraulic  formulas. 

IRRIGATION  ENGINEERING  (CE-22)-^De- 
sign.  construction,  operation  and  mainte- 
nance of  irrigation  projects. 

Preliminary  Conceptions — General  features  of 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


87 


irrigation.  Its  history.  Work  of  the  United 
States  Reclamation  Service.  Legal  consider- 
ations and  its  importance  as  a social  factor. 

Hydrology  of  Irrigation — Rainfall.  Evapora- 
tion. Seepage.  Stream  flow.  Water  storage. 
Floods  and  droughts.  Hydraulics  as  applied 
to  irrigation. 

Application  of  Wafer  to  Land — Water  re- 
quired for  plant  growth.  Harmful  effects  of 
excessive  irrigation.  Water  logging  of  the 


soil.  Mosquitoes  and  malarial  effects.  Dan- 
ger from  alkali  water.  Irrigation  by  flood- 
ing. Irrigation  by  furrowing. 

Works  for  Irrigation — Classification  and  de- 
scriiJtion.  Study  of  the  various  forms  of 
canals.  Slope  and  alignment  of  canals. 
Head  works.  Sluice  ways  and  regulators. 
Distributing  tubes  and  pipes.  Dams,  reser- 
voirs and  weirs.  Pumps  and  pumping.  Op- 
eration of  irrigation  systems. 


Principles  of  Structural  Engineering 

(CE-13x) 

Proper  design  of  any  engineering  structure  is  based  upon  certain  funda- 
mental theories.  It  is  impossible  to  make  such  designs  unless  these  basic 
principles  ai'e  thoroughly  understood.  The  course  develops  the  principles  for 
the  student  and  shows  their  application  to  steel  structures.  The  study  should 
be  interesting  to  structural  draftsmen  and  others  who  wish  to  increase  their 
efficiency  by  acquiring  a better  knowledge  of  the  fundamental  pi’inciples  of 
structural  design. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorou.gh  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane.  Ro- 
tary motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 


tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engi- 
neering. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Gen- 
eral theory  of  beams.  Cantilever  and  simple 
beams.  Elastic  deflection  of  beams.  Over- 
hanging and  fixed  beams.  Columns  and 
struts.  Torsion  of  shafts.  Apparent  com- 
bined stresses.  Resilience  and  work.  Impact. 
Fatigue  of  metals. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  STRUCTURAL  ENGINEER- 
ING (CE-S) — Fundamental  theories  upon 
which  the  design  of  engineering  structures 
are  based  and  their  application. 

Outer  and  Inner  Forces — Live  and  dead  load. 
Weights  of  trusses.  Wind  loads.  Show  loads. 
Impact.  Factors  of  safety. 

Laws  of  Statics — Reactions,  methods  of  com- 
putation and  points  of  application.  Shears 
and  moments,  their  graphical  representation. 
Influence  lines. 

Concentrated  Load  Systems — Moments  and 
shears  at  fixed  sections.  Girders  without 
floor  beams.  Engine  diagrams.  Shears  in 
girders  with  floor  beams.  Maximum  mo- 
ments and  shears  at  critical  sections.  Beam 
design.  Stresses  in  statically  determinate 
trusses,  algebraic  solution,  solution  by  mo- 
ments and  shears,  solution  by  graphical 
methods.  Graphical  determinations  of  reac- 
tions. Design  of  a complete  roof  truss. 


Student  says:  “The  Personal  Touch  That  Your  Letters  Have  is  What  Counts” 

I am  very  grateful  to  the  Staff  of  the  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  for  the  cooperation  and  encour- 
agement they  have  given  me.  It  seems  as  though  I am  receiving  letters  from  friends.  I 
know  and  I do  believe  that  it  is  the  feature  that  will  make  the  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  famous.  The 
personal  touch  that  your  letters  have  is  what  counts  and  I look  for  the  Schools  to  become 
the  best  of  their  kind  in  the  world  if  not  the  largest,  but  I hope  that  they  will  never  forget 
or  let  system  overcome  that  important  phase  of  the  personal  contact  through  letters. 

If  you  have  any  inquiries  from  prospective  pupils  in  this  locality,  I would  be  glad  if 
you  would  refer  to  my  name,  or  have  them  see  me  for  recommendation  of  your  courses. 

— FOREST  O.  MAVIS,  646  E.  Ohio  Avenue,  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio. 

Gains  Position  of  Inspecting  Engineer 

Through  the  knowledge  grained  by  practical  experience  and  your  course  in  Building  Construc- 
tion I have  been  able  to  take  and  hold  a position  on  the  City  Engineering  Staff.  My  position  has 
been  that  of  inspecting  engineer. — WARREN  A.  FORD,  821  E.  Fifth  St.,  Tuscon,  Arizona. 


The  Most  Serznee  for  the  Least  Money 


88 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Structural  Steel  Engineering 

(CE-lTx) 

Exceptional  opportunities  are  open  to  those  who  choose  structural  steel 
engineering  as  a profession.  Steel  is  probably  our  most  reliable  building  ma- 
terial. Its  properties  are  better  understood  than  those  of  any  other  substance. 
On  account  of  this  fact  it  has  been  possible  to  build  up  accurate  methods  of 
design.  As  a result,  the  steel  structures  of  today  are  not  only  safe,  but  have 
been  built  with  the  utmost  economy  of  material.  It  may  therefore  be  under- 
stood that  those  engaged  in  the  work  of  structural  engineering,  from  the  de- 
tailer  to  the  engineer  in  charge,  must  have  a comprehensive  grasp  of  the 
fundamental  pidnciples  involved  in  their  particular  work  and  a detailed  knowl- 
edge of  their  practical  applications. 

It  is  a most  comprehensive  course  for  structural  steel  draftsmen  who  de- 
sire to  become  checkers,  estimators  or  designers,  and  is  also  entirely  adequate 
for  the  man  who  desires  to  become  a structural  steel  engineer. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  uccessary  drawing  equipment,  iiKluding  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cast. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)^ — ^Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  fMa-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-H) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical 
problems.  Instruction  necessary  in  order  to 
deal  with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
important  grai^hical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  for  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  en- 
gineering structures.  Foundation  plans. 
Topographical  maps.  Highway  and  railroad 
maps.  City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

STRUCTURAL  DRAFTING  (CE-16)— Defini- 
tions and  general  methods.  Plate  layouts. 
Steel  shapes.  Shop  drawings  for  beams. 
Channels  and  their  connections.  Plate  gird- 
ers. Roof  trusses.  Columns.  Bridge  trusses. 
Mill  buildings.  Checking  and  correcting  draw- 
ings. Bills  of  material.  Shop  bills.  Shipping 
bills.  Miscellaneous  drawings  and  lists. 


MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
La-w  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  lane.  Ro- 
tary motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engineer- 
ing. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  General 
theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  STRUCTURAL  ENGINEER. 
ING  (CE-8) — Outer  and  inner  forces.  Live 
and  dead  load.  Wind  and  snow  loads.  Im- 
pact. Summary  of  law  of  statics.  Reactions. 
Shears  and  moments.  Graphic  statics.  Con- 
centrated load  systems.  Engine  diagrams. 
Maximum  shears  and  moments.  Beam  de- 
sign. Computation  of  stresses  in  statically 
determinate  trusses  by  various  methods.  De- 
sign of  a complete  roof  truss. 

STRUCTURAL  STEEL  ENGINEERING 
(CE-17) — Application  of  the  theory  of  struc- 
tures to  structural  steel  design. 

Plate  Girder  Design — The  theory.  Determina- 
tion of  rivet  spacing.  Design  of  details  such 
as  stiffeners,  cover  plates,  end-connections. 
Complete  design  of  a deck  plate  girder  con- 
nection angles,  splices  and  splice  fillers. 

Trusses — Various  types  of  trusses  and  the  com- 
putation of  stresses  due  to  dead  and  live  load 
by  analytical  and  graphical  methods.  The 
use  of  the  influence  line  in  studying  load 
effects.  Maximum  shears  and  bending  mo- 
ments due  to  Cooper’s  engine  loadings. 
Trusses  with  non-parallel  chords.  Trusses 
with  complicated  and  secondary  web  sys- 
tems. Multiple  web  systems.  Computation 
of  stresses  in  lateral  bracing.  Elastic  and 
non-elastic  deflections. 

Truss  Design — Proportioning  the  cross  sections 
of  tension  and  compression  members.  De- 
sign of  truss  joints.  Design  of  bracing. 


‘‘It  is  ainacing  zdiat  you  can  do  zeith  your  spare  time  and  zdiat  your 
spare  time  can  do  for  you.  Almost  all  of  you  waste  enough  hours  in 
four  years  to  give  you  what  anight  be  the  equivalent  of  a eoUege  edu- 
cation. And  remember  it  is  zehat  is  in  your  brain  that  is  your  best 
capital.” — Dr.  Frank  Crane. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


89 


Concrete  Engineering 

(CE-lox) 

Reinforced  concrete  construction  has  developed  rapidly  in  the  last  ten  or 
fifteen  years.  Students  graduating  from  technical  schools  prior  to  1905  re- 
ceived little,  if  any,  instruction  in  this  subject.  Today  the  increasing  demand 
for  concrete  work  gives  opportunities  for  those  who  wish  to  progress  with  the 
industry  and  profit  by  their  resourcefulness  or  inventive  genius. 

The  Complete  Concrete  course  will  be  interesting  to  men  who  desire  to 
enter  this  broad  field,  and  to  those  older  engineers  whose  education  did  not  in- 
clude concrete  design.  It  is  particularly  adapted  to  the  needs  of  ambitious  men 
who  are  working  as  draftsmen  or  in  any  other  subordinate  positions  in  the 
concrete  engineering  field. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  draiving  etpiil'ment,  including  i‘«- 
struments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawing  of  objects.  Correct 
dimefisioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps, 
(iity  tfiats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane.  Ro- 
tary motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engineer- 
ing. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Cleneral 
theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 


shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  STRUCTURAL  ENGINEER- 
ING (CE-8) — Outer  and  inner  forces.  Live 
and  dead  load.  Wind  and  snow  loads.  Im- 
pact. Summary  of  laws  of  statics.  Reac- 
tions. Shears  and  moments.  Graphic  statics. 
Concentrated  load  systems.  Engine  diagrams. 
Maximum  shears  and  moments.  Beam  de- 
sign. Computation  of  stresses  in  statically 
determinate  trusses  by  various  methods.  De- 
sign of  a complete  roof  truss. 

CONCRETE  ENGINEERING  (CE-14) — Design, 
estimating  and  construction  of  reinforced 
concrete  beams,  columns,  retaining  walls, 
floors,  buildings  and  bridges. 

Physical  Characteristics  of  Reinforced  Concrete 
— Properties  and  proportioning  of  concrete. 
Properties  of  steel.  Properties  of  concrete 
and  steel  in  combination. 

Rectangular  Beams,  T-Beams  and  Slabs — Flex- 
ure formulas  for  i)lain  and  reinforced  con- 
crete beams.  Shearing  and  inclined  tensile 
stresses.  Web  reinforcement.  Bond  stress. 
Vertical  and  inclined  reinforcement  by  bent 
rods  and  stirrups.  Arrangement  of  rein- 
forcement. Economical  proportioning.  Beam 
deflection.  Beam  design.  Design  of  slabs. 
Design  of  T-beams.  Distribution  of  loads. 
Beams  reinforced  at  top  and  bottom.  Con- 
tinuous beams.  Tables  and  diagrams  for 
the  design  of  beams,  T-beams  and  slabs. 

Columns — Design  of  plain  concrete  columns. 
Longitudinal  reinforcement  of  columns.  Band 
reinforcement.  Use  of  structural  steel  shapes. 
Tests.  Design  by  various  column  formulas. 
Tables  and  diagrams  for  the  design  of  col- 
umns. Bending  and  direct  stress. 

Retaining  Walls — Theory,  stability  and  design 
of  plain  concrete  walls.  Design  of  reinforced 
cantilever  and  counterforted  walls.  Special 
designs.  Wall  construction  and  estimating. 

Design  of  Buildings — Floor  design  with  mono- 
lithic beam  and  girder  construction,  with 
the  use  of  one  way  hollow  tile,  cantilever 
and  flat  slab  construction.  Steel  frame  con- 
struction with  flat  slabs.  Distribution  of 
loading.  Placing  machinery.  Waterproof- 
ing. Testing.  Roofs.  Columns.  Foundations. 
Walls  and  partitions.  Stairs.  Elevator  shafts, 
etc.  Construction  of  forms.  Bending  and 
placing  reinforcement.  Handling  concrete. 
Finishing  concrete  surfaces.  Construction 
plant.  Materials.  Shear  and  moment  in  con- 
tinuous floors  and  beams.  Eccentric  loads  on 
columns.  Estimating  reinforced  concrete 
buildings. 

Bridges — Beam  bridges.  Girder  bridges.  Esti- 
mating and  construction.  Forms. 


By  Comparison  "Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


90 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Plain  Concrete  Construction 

(CE-14x) 

Those  who  have  already  undertaken  to  use  concrete  in  its  simpler  appli- 
cations have  realized  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  a mixture  of  the  proper 
strength  and  durability,  of  constructing  the  proper  types  of  forms,  and  of  pour- 
ing the  concrete  in  a way  to  secure  durable  and  attractive  results.  The  man 
who  plans  to  undertake  simple  concrete  construction  for  the  first  time  should 
realize  that  such  difficulties  exist  and  should  secure  the  necessary  training  to 
carry  his  work  through  to  successful  completion. 

This  course  is  written  in  simple  language  that  is  easy  to  understand  by 
one  who  has  no  previous  training.  It  takes  up  everything  necessary  to  know 
m order  to  make  plain  concrete  walks,  walls,  buildings,  and  the  like,  and  gives 
the  training  in  an  interesting  and  practical  way. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-I) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  exi^lanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plai  e 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  an  1 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

READINGS  OF  DRAWINGS  {Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 
sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications.  Bills  of 
material. 

PLAN  READING  (Ar-23) — Universally  used 
structural  shapes.  Scales  used  in  drawing. 
Structural  details.  Architectural  drawing. 
Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Architectural  sym- 
bols. Procedure  in  reading  a set  of  house 


plans.  Sectional  elevations  of  a house.  Study 
of  practical  house  plans  prepared  by  a prac- 
tising architect. 

PLAIN  CONCRETE  CONSTRUCTION(CE-13) 
— Manufacture  of  plain  concrete  and  the 
construction  of  the  necessary  forms  for  con- 
crete structures. 

Materials — Cements.  Limes.  Specifications  and 
tests.  Fine  aggregates.  Course  aggregates. 
Preparation  of  aggregates  and  their  propor- 
tioning. 

Manufacture — Construction  of  forms.  Mixing 
of  materials.  Placing  concrete.  Reinforcing 
small  structures.  Strength  of  structures. 
Finishing  concrete  surfaces.  Stucco  and 
plaster  work.  Waterproofing  and  coloring 
concrete.  Manufacture  of  precast  concrete 
shapes. 

Appiicaiions  of  Plain  Concrete  to  Various 
Structures — Construction  of  sidewalks,  floors, 
roads,  tanks,  cisterns,  silos,  and  small  high- 
way bridges  and  culverts. 


Mechanics 

(CE-llx) 

A sound  knowledge  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  equilibrium  of 
forces  in  engineering  structures  and  machines  is  of  primary  importance  to  the 
student  or  engineer.  This  science  of  forces  is  called  mechanics.  The  object  of 
this  course  is  to  present  the  fundamentals  of  the  subject  in  the  shortest  time 
consistent  with  thoroughness,  and  to  deal  primarily  with  its  applications  to 
engineering. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
a’f.d  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3)- — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)-— Logarithms  and 

how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 


which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — General  principles  cov- 
ering the  laws  of  statics  and  motion. 

Statics — -Components  of  forces.  Resultants  of 
forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces.  Law  of  sines. 
Parallel  forces.  Center  of  gravity.  Moment 
of  inertia. 

Motion  and  Machines — Laws  of  friction.  Ki- 
netics. Unifoim  and  accelerated  motion.  Ro- 
tary motion.  Centrifugal  force.  Laws  of 
falling  bodies.  Potential  and  kinetic  energy. 
Heat.  The  inclined  plane. 


The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  with  spare-hour  classes  in  hun- 
dreds of  cities,  and  with  a well-oryaniaed  division  of  correspond- 
ence instruction,  can  bring  to  you  the  advantages  given  in  the 
past  year  to  over  140,000  young  men. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


91 


Mechanics  of  Materials 

(CE-12x) 

Mechanics  of  Materials  is  the  science  that  treats  of  the  effects  of  forces 
in  causing  changes  in  the  sizes  and  shapes  of  bodies.  It  is  of  great  importance 
in  the  design  of  all  types  of  structures  and  machines.  Those  engaged  in  engi- 


neering who  have  not  already  had  this 
portunity  to  acquire  it. 

Subjects  Covered 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  ot  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 

how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform 
and  accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bod- 


training  should  not  overlook  this  op- 


in  This  Course: 

ies.  Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and 
kinetic  energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane. 
Rotary  motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— The 
effects  of  forces  in  causing  stress  and  strain 
in  bodies. 

Elasticity  and  Strength  of  Materials — Elastic 
limit.  Ultimate  strength.  Elastic  and  ulti- 
mate deformations.  Modulus  of  elasticity. 
Yield  point.  Properties  of  materials.  Sim- 
ple stress. 

Theory  of  Beams — Reactions.  Bending  mo- 
ment. Shear.  Internal  and  external  forces. 
The  neutral  axis  and  surface.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Simple  and 
cantilever  beams.  Shear  and  moment  dia- 
grams. Maximum  shears  and  moments.  Safe 
loads.  Economic  sections.  Rupture.  Moving 
loads.  Elastic  deflections.  Overhanging  and 
fixed  beams. 

Columns  and  Struts — General  theory.  Investi- 
gation of  columns.  Safe  loads.  Design  by 
various  column  formulas.  Miscellaneous  con- 
siderations. Torsion  of  shafts.  Apparent 
combined  stresses.  Horizontal  shear  in  beams. 
Resilience  and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of 
metals. 


Railroad  Engineering 

(CE-lOx) 

Approximately  twenty  billions  of  dollars  are  estimated  to  be  invested  in 
the  railroads  of  the  United  States.  One  of  the  vital  problems  of  railroad  di- 
rectors and  managers  is  the  proper  expenditure  of  immense  sums  in  building 
and  maintaining  their  roads  and  equipment  in  order  to  attain  the  greatest  pos- 
sible efficiency  and  safety  at  the  lowest  possible  cost.. 

In  order  to  do  this  they  are  obliged  to  keep  constantly  in  their  employ 
thousands  of  trained  civil  engineers.  Our  course  gives  the  necessary  training. 
It  should  be  of  value  to  those  desiring  to  enter  the  railroad  field,  and  to  those 
now  occupying  minor  positions,  such  as  rodman,  instrumentman,  or  assistant 
engineer,  who  wish  to  advance  to  higher  positions,  such  as  resident  engineer, 
division  engineer,  or  chief  engineer. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. ^ Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drazinng  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1 ) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considera- 
tions emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 


subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them, 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  w’hich  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


92 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  use  of  level,  transit  and  other 
instruments.  Survey  computations.  Deter- 
mination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude  and 
time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

RAILROAD  SURVEYING  (CE-9)— Prelimi- 
nary conceptions.  Theory,  computation  and 
staking  out  of  simple  curves,  compound 
curves,  reverse  cur\'es,  parabolic  curves,  ver- 
tical curves,  turnouts  and  switches,  connect- 
ing tracks  and  crossings,  spiral  easement 
curves.  Special  problems.  Use  of  curve  ta- 
bles. Setting  slope  stakes.  Computation  of 
earthwork  quantities.  Computation  of  haul. 


RAILROAD  ENGINEERING  (CE-10)— Eco- 
nomic theory  of  railway  location,  construc- 
tion, equipment  and  maintenance. 

Railroad  Finances — Organization.  Issuing  stocks 
and  bonds.  Estimates  for  construction  and 
operation.  Failures.  Dangers  of  over-capital- 
ization and  stock  watering. 

Location  and  Construction — Preliminary  sur- 
veys. Alignment  location.  Construction  sur- 
veys. Construction  of  the  permanent  way. 

Track — Rails  and  rail  fastenings.  Cross-ties 
and  their  preservation.  Ballast  and  road- 
bed. Culverts  and  bridges.  Turnouts,  side 
tracks  and  yards.  Elevation  of  the  outer 
rail.  Signaling. 

Equipment  and  Operation — The  locomotive  and 
its  work.  Effect  of  distance,  rise  and  fall, 
and  curvature  on  operating  train-mile  costs. 
Effect  of  the  number  of  trains  on  operating 
cost,  assuming  a constant  tonnage. 

Maintenance — Problems  in  connection  with 
changes  of  distance,  rise  and  fall,  and  curv- 
ature. Betterment  surveys.  Repairs.  Rail- 
road expenditures  in  fixed  charges  and  op- 
erating expense.  Evaluation  of  railroads. 


Railroad  Surveying 

(CE-9x) 

The  ground  work  of  railroad  engineering  is  plane  suiweying  applied  to 
railroad  problems.  Nowhere  are  a greater  variety  of  survey  problems  found 
than  in  railroad  location,  relocation  and  construction.  The  problems  are  often 
intricate  and  require  the  exercise  of  great  ingenuity  on  the  part  of  the  sur- 
veyor. The  course  gives  instruction  in  the  most  approved  methods  of  solving 
such  problems  and  serves  as  an  entrance  to  the  railroad  engineering  field.  It 
gives  the  needed  training  for  axmen,  chainmen  or  rodmen,  who  wish  to  advance 
to  the  higher  position  of  instrumentman  or  assistant  engineer. 


Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  dra-a’ing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessai-y  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  W9RKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 

— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

CIVTL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 


in  This  Course: 

construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
.graphical  maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3) — Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  use  of  level,  transit  and  other 
instruments.  Survey  computations.  Determi- 
nation of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude  and 
time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

RAILROAD  SURVEYING  (CE-9)— General 
discussion  of  the  survey  methods  used  in 
locating  and  constructing  railroads. 

Preliminary  Conceptions — Reconnaissance  sur- 
veys. Preliminary  surveys.  Location  sur- 
veys. Preliminary  estimates. 

Theory,  Computation  and  Staking  Out  of  Rail- 
way Curves. — Deflection  methods.  Tape  and 
picket  methods,  by  deflection  distances,  etc. 
Compound  curves.  Reverse  and  parabolic 
curves.  Turnouts  and  switches.  Ladder 
tracks.  Connecting  tracks  and  crossings. 
Spiral  easement  curves.  Special  tables.  Spe- 
cial curve  problems.  Computation  of  verti- 
cal curves. 

Construction  Surveys  and  Computations — Set- 
ting slope  stakes  for  earthwork.  Computa- 
tion of  earthwork  quantities  by  average  and 
areas,  by  the  prismoidal  formula  and  by  ta- 
bles and  diagrams.  Computation  of  haul  by 
formulas  and  by  the  mass  diagram. 


That  Job  Ahead — Can  You  Fill  It? 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


93 


Highway  Engineering 


(CE-8.X) 


Highway  engineering  is  the  most  rapidly  developing  department  in  civil 
engineering,  due  to  a growing  demand  for  better  roads  and  to  the  law  granting 
Federal  aid  to  road  building  in  every  state.  Approximately  one  billion  dol- 
lars is  now  appropriated  for  highway  construction  in  the  United  States.  It  is 
certain  there  will  be  many  opportunities  for  employment  in  that  field  for  many 
years  to  come  in  almost  every  county  in  the  United  States.  The  Complete 
Highway  Course  aims  to  prepare  those  who  wish  to  enter  this  broad  field  and 
will  be  especially  valuable  to  those  now  employed  in  minor  positions  in  high- 
way or  railway  work  who  wish  to  equip  themselves  for  better  positions. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentations. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47  ) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  use  of  level,  transit  and  other 
instruments.  Survey  computations.  Determi- 
nation of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude  and 
time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 


graphic. hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

HIGHWAY  DRAFTING  (CE-5)— Making  high- 
way  maps.  Preparation  of  general  plans. 
Plotting  of  cross  sections,  profiles  and  other 
earthwork  plans.  Vertical  curves.  Computa- 
tion of  excavation  and  embankment.  Pre- 
paring sheets  of  standards.  Construction. 

HIGHWAY  SURVEYING  (CE-6)— Organiza- 
tion. equipment  and  duties  of  field  parties. 
Field  methods  for  alignment,  level,  topog- 
raphy and  constiuiction  surveys.  Bench  lev- 
els. Surveys  for  cross-sections.  Computa- 
tion and  staking  of  curves.  Field  notes. 
Highway  photography.  Camp  equipment  and 
medicine. 

HIGHWAY  ENGINEERING  (CE-7)- Theory 
and  practice  in  the  design  and  construction 
of  highways. 

General  Principles  of  Design — Analysis  of  the 
highway  problem.  Maximum  and  ^ ruling 
grades.  Adverse  grades.  Alignment  and 
curvature.  Economic  considerations. 

Preliminary  Investigations  for  Roads — Recon- 
naissance surveys.  Material  surveys.  Esti- 
mates of  cost. 

Selection  of  Surfacing — Low  cost  construction, 
such  as  earth,  sand-clay  and  gravel.  Medium 
priced  roads,  such  as  macadam  and  bitumi- 
nous macadam.  High  cost  roads,  such  as 
asphalt  and  Tarvia  types  on  concrete  bases  ; 
concrete  surfaces  ; wood-block ; brick  and 
granite  pavements. 

Office  Design — Design  of  road-bed  or  perma- 
nent way.  Typical  cross-sections.  Drainage 
problems.  Run-off  from  areas.  Ditch  grades. 
Culverts  and  bridges.  Sub-surface  drainage. 
Grade  line.  Estimate  of  quantities  and  cost. 
Organization  of  office  forces.  Preparation  of 
construction  plans.  General  cost  data.  Ap- 
plication of  highway  principles  to  city  pave- 
ment design. 

Construction — Rough  and  fine  grading.  Stak- 
ing out  construction.  Inspection  of  construc- 
tion details  for  various  types  of  surfacings. 

Maintenance — Oiling.  Surface  treatments. 

Patching.  Resurfacing. 


Highway  Surveying 

(CE-7x) 

Surveying  must  be  understood  by  all  who  work  in  highway  departments, 
since  it  will  be  a large  part  of  their  w'ork  and  they  will  be  assigned  to  it  as 
may  be  required. 

Surveys  for  highway  improvements  are  merely  applications  of  plane  sur- 
veying to  highway  problems.  The  study  will  be  interesting  to  those  engaged  in 
the  minor  positions  of  highway  construction  who  wish  to  advance  to  the  more 
important  positions;  also,  to  those  who  wish  to  gain  entrance  to  highway  con- 
struction work. 


Think  What  You  Might  Be  If  You  Knew  More 


94 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  use  of  instioiments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drazving  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  ecpiations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  fMa-4)- — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
important  graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)- 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  w’ood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 


in  This  Course: 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 

conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justme.it  and  use  of  level,  transit  and  other 
instruments.  Survey  computations.  Determi- 
nation of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude  and 
time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

HIGHWAY  DRAFTING  (CE-5)— Making  high- 
way maps.  Preparation  of  general  plans. 
Plotting  of  cross-sections;  profiles,  and  other 
earthwork  plans.  Vertical  curves.  Computa- 
tion of  excavation  and  embankment.  Pre- 
paring sheets  of  standards.  Construction. 

HIGHWAY  SURVEYING  (CE-6)— Organiza- 
tion methods  and  records  for  highway  sur- 
veys. 

Alignment  Surveys — Party  organization.  Du- 
ties of  personnel.  Field  equipment.  Field 
methods,  by  azimuths,  by  deflection  angles. 
Highway  curves,  their  solution  and  staking 
in  the  field.  Special  tables.  Field  notes.  So- 
lution of  special  problems  in  highway  curves. 
Referencing  surveys  to  the  true  north.  Camp 
equipment  and  medicine. 

Level  Surveys — Party  organization,  equipment 
and  duties.  Profiles.  Cross-sections.  Bench 
levels.  Field  notes. 

Topography  Surveys — Party  organization,  equip- 
ment and  duties.  Location  of  buildings, 
fences,  property  lines,  pole  lines,  trees,  etc. 
Right  of  way  surveys.  Field  notes.  High- 
way photography. 

Construction  Surveys — Party  organization, 
e<iuipment  and  duties.  Special  curve  meth- 
ods. Staking  out  earthwork  and  highway 
structures.  Form  of  records. 


Highway  Drafting 

(CE-2x) 

Learn  highway  drafting  and  be  in  line  for  continuous  employment.  It  is 
the  part  of  highway  engineering  which  is  done  in  the  slack  seasons.  The  sub- 
ject includes  instruction  in  a variety  of  work  which  is  not  essentially  drafting, 
but  which  is  generally  done  by  draftsmen  in  connection  with  the  preparation  of 
plans.  It  should  be  interesting  to  highway  surveyors,  axmen,  chainmen,  rod- 
men  and  inspectors  as  a valuable  addition  to  their  other  training. 


Subjects  Coverei 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  use  of  insti-uments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 


in  This  Course: 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 

how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

HIGHWAY  DRAFTING  (CE-5)— Preparation 
of  highwaj'  plans  and  estimates. 

Maps  and  Conventional  Signs — Preparation  of 
title  sheets.  Alignment  plotting.  Plotting 
of  topography.  Earthwork  plans — reduction 
of  level  notes  and  plotting  of  cross-sections. 
Plottinfe  the  profile  and  grade  line.  Compu- 
tation of  vertical  curves.  Applying  the  de- 
si.gned  cross-sections  to  the  existing  cross- 
sections.  Measurement  and  computation  of 
excavation  and  embankment. 

Final  Plans, — Preparation  of  sheets  of  stand- 
ards. Tracing  the  final  plans. 


“/  Will  Study  and  Get  Ready  and  .Maybe  .My  Chance  Will  Come.” — Lincoln 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


95 


Plane  Surveying 

(CE-lx) 

Plane  surveying  is  a most  interesting  and  healthful  vocation  for  a young 
man.  The  opportunities  for  advancement  to  better  paying  positions  are  many. 

The  principles  and  practical  methods  of  ordinary  land  surveying  are  given 
in  this  course.  Men  employed  in  survey  work,  those  who  contemplate  entering 
this  field,  contractors,  superintendents,  inspectors,  and  time  clerks  who  desire 
to  advance  to  the  position  of  resident  engineer,  will  find  this  course  very  useful. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF]  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessar^’  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithtfnetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  fMa-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  .formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  {Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  i^roblems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 


CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  matcriajs  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  { CE-3)— General  theory 
and  practical  methods. 

Preliminary  Conceptions  and  Definitions — 
Lines  and  levels.  Types  of  surveys.  Sur- 
veying exi)ressions. 

Instruments  and  Their  Care — Chains  and 
tapes.  Verniers  and  level  bubbles.  The  com- 
pass. Wye  and  dumpy  levels.  The  transit. 
Special  instruments.  Adjustment  of  instru- 
ments. 

Methods — Differential  and  profile  leveling.  De- 
termination and  measurement  of  angles,  with 
the  compass,  and  with  the  transit.  Correc- 
tions for  magnetic  declination.  Land  survey 
computations,  such  as,  balancing  the  survey, 
computing  areas  and  supplying  omissions. 
Method  of  plotting  by  coordinates.  Special 
problems.  Special  office  instruments.  Deter- 
mination of  the  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time  by  the  use  of  the  ordinary  transit 
and  by  the  use  of  special  attachments. 

Surveying  Practice — Land  surveys.  U.  S.  pub- 
lic land  surveys.  Laying  out  curves.  Topo- 
graphic surveying.  Stadia  measurements. 
Mapping.  Earthwork  computations.  Hydro- 
graphic  surveys.  City  surveys.  Judicial 
functions  of  the  surveyox*. 


Mine  Surveying 

(CE-5x) 

Mines  are  the  source  of  a large  part  of  our  natural  wealth  and  have  a wide 
infiuence  upon  our  industries.  Therefore,  the  profession  of  mine  surveying  is 
connected  with  a very  important  part  of  our  industrial  life.  In  all  surveying 
there  is  the  zest  of  exploration,  but  in  mine  surveying  this  is  doubly  the  case, 
because  the  mine  surveyor  takes  his  bearings  and  maps  his  underground 
course  from  an  invisible  starting  point  at  the  surface.  Commensurate  with  the 
added  difficulties,  the  mine  surveyor  is  generally  better  paid  than  the  ordinary 
land  surveyor,  and  it  is  a lucrative  profession  in  regions  where  mines  exist. 
This  course  should  prove  of  interest  to  land  surveyors  who  wish  to  add  sub- 
surface work  to  their  practice. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  draiving  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 


ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emijhasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 


Learn  More  Today  and  You’ll  Earn  More  Tomorrow 


96 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 

how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  W ORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWLING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 

conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 


justment and  use  of  the  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

MINE  SURVEYING  (CE-4) — Application  of 
plane  surveying  methods  to  underground 
work. 

General  Considerations  and  Principles — Con- 
trast between  surface  and  sub-surface  sur- 
veys. Coal  and  mineral  mining  claims.  Def- 
initions of  the  technical  terms  used  in  mine 
work.  Special  equipment  and  instruments 
for  -mine  surveying.  Instrument  adjustments. 

Underground  Survey  Methods — Surveying  for 
details  in  the  mine.  Steep  transit  sights. 
Shaft  plumbing.  Tunnel  surveys.  Explora- 
tory surveys.  Magnetic  surveys.  Special  mine 
surveys  and  problems. 

Office  Practice — Traverse  calculations.  Maps 
and  projections.  Surface  and  mine  models. 


Water  Supply  Engineering 

(CE-21X) 

Water  supply  is  one  of  the  oldest  branches  of  engineering,  yet  it  has 
developed  more  both  scientifically  and  in  volume  in  the  last  half  century  than 
in  all  the  centuries  preceding.  There  are  new  inventions  and  discoveries  every 
year,  and  there  is  no  profession  in  which  there  is  a better  chance  for  productive 
research  than  in  water  supply.  The  work  is  also  very  interesting.  The  subject 
is  a part  of  Municipal  and  Sanitary  Engineering  and  should  be  of  interest  to 
those  who  are  engaged  in  city  departments  and  to  all  who  wish  to  enter  public 
work  of  this  character. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments  and 
intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  represen- 
tation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drau’ing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometiy  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  pr-oblems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawing.s.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 


neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3) — Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  use  of  level,  transit  and  other 
instruments.  Survey  computations.  Deter- 
mination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude  and 
time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic. hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane.  Ro- 
tary motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engi- 
neering. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Gen- 
eral theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18)— Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Pres- 
sure gauges.  Water  meters.  Current  meters. 
The  Pitot  tube.  Flow  of  water  through  ori- 
fices, over  weirs  of  various  types,  through 


Y”  Instruction  Makes  It  Easier  to  Succeed 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


97 


tubes  and  pipes,  in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches 
and  canals.  Dynamic  pressure  of  water. 
Water  hammer.  Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s, 
Kutter’s  and  other  hydraulic  formulas. 

WATER  SUPPLY  ENGINEERING  (CE-20)  — 
Sources  of  potable  water  suijplies  and  the 
methods  of  designing  and  constructing  works 
for  their  utilization. 

Quantity,  Source  and  Quality  of  Water  Supply 
— Quantity  required  for  cities,  per  capita. 
Estimating  future  requirements.  Sources  of 
supply — rainfall  and  evaporation,  percolation 
and  flow  in  streams.  Quality  of  various  sup- 
plies from  physical,  chemical  and  bacterio- 
logical standpoints.  Chemical  and  microscop- 
ic methods  of  examination.  Communicable 


diseases  and  their  relation  to  water  supplies. 

Works  for  Collection  of  Water — General  prin- 
ciples of  construction.  River  and  lake  in- 
takes. Ground-water.  Supplies  from  springs 
and  wells.  Reservoirs  and  dams.  Timber, 
masonry,  steel  and  loose-rock  dams  and 
their  construction. 

Works  for  Purification  of  Water — Sedimenta- 
tion and  slow  sand  filtration.  Rapid  sand 
filtration.  Construction  of  filters.  Miscella- 
neous processes. 

Works  for  Distribution  of  Water — Pipes,  pipe 
lines  and  conduits.  Masonry  aqueducts  and 
canals.  Equalizing  reservoirs  and  their  re- 
lation to  pumping.  Pumping  machinery. 
Cost,  operation  and  maintenance. 


Sewerage 

Sewerage  is  related  to  hydraulic  and  sanitary  engineering.  While  there 
were  few  sewer  systems  fifty  years  ago,  they  are  common  in  cities  and  towns 
of  the  United  States  today.  They  are  being  increasingly  required  by  law  as  a 
sanitary  necessity.  They  must  be  designed  and  constructed,  and  should  be 
operated  by  engineers.  Engineers  are  well  paid  in  this  branch  of  civil  engi- 
neering and  the  work  is  interesting.  The  course  will  be  useful  to  those  who 
wish  to  enter  municipal  engineering  work,  or  to  assistants  who  wish  to  advance. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 


Engineering 


CE-20X) 


tice  in  use  of  insti-uments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing.  Projections.  Sections.  Developments  and 
ll  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  represen- 

f tation.  Machine  fastenings.  Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  cquit'incnt,  including  in- 
I struments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  iiroblems, 
' helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 

ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations, 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  iirob- 
lems.  Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 

I them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-41 — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logdrithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
I portant  graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
^ ing  from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 

ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
' concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 

neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphic maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Descriptions,  ad- 
j justment  and  use  of  level,  transit  and  other 

instruments.  Survey  computations.  Deter- 
mination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude  and 
time.  Ma.gnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydro,graphic  and  city  surveys. 
I Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 

I judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 


MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
.gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane.  Ro- 
tary motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engi- 
neering. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  Gen- 
eral theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Pres- 
sure gauges.  Water  meters.  Current  meters. 
The  Pitot  tube.  Flow  of  water  through  ori- 
fices. over  weirs  of  various  types,  through 
tubes  and  pipes,  in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches 
and  canals.  Dynamic  pressure  of  water. 
Water  hammer.  Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s, 
Kutter’s  and  other  hydraulic  formulas. 

SEWERAGE  ENGINEERING  (CE-19)— Appli- 
cation of  hydraulics  to  the  drainage  and  dis- 
posal of  city  wastes. 

Design  Terms  and  Data — Definitions.  Popula- 
tion studies  and  estimates  of  future  require- 
ments. Water  consumption  studies.  Rainfall 
determinations.  Run-off  formulas.  Sewer 
gaugings.  Sewer  surveys.  Cost  estimating. 

Sewer  Design — Design  of  separate  systems. 
Rational  method  of  storm  water  sewer  de- 
sign. Design  of  combined-  systems.  The  hy- 
draulics of  sewers.  Sewer  appurtenances, 
manholes,  catch  basins,  inlets,  etc. 

Construction — Surveys.  Sheeting  and  bracing 
in  trenching.  Construction  of  pipe,  brick 
and  concrete  sewers. 

Sewage  Disposal — Chemical  and  biological  char- 
acteristics of  sewage.  Sedimentation  and 
septic  processes.  Imhoff  and  activated  sludge 
processes.  Sludge  and  contact  beds.  Trick- 
ling filters.  Sand  filters  and  disinfection. 
Disposal  by  irrigation  processes. 


Let  Your  Home  be  Your  College 


98 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Drainage  Engineering 


(CE-22) 


Land  drainage  grcws  in  importance  as  unoccupied  arable  land  decreases 
and  land  values  increase.  Since  this  is  the  general  trend  throughout  the  world, 
the  profession  of  drainage  engineering  is  bound  to  become  more  and  more  im- 
portant. It  is,  therefore,  an  excellent  field  for  the  young  engineer,  and  one 
which  will  offer  greater  opportunities  as  time  passes.  The  course  gives  in- 
formation that  enables  the  student  to  design,  construct  and  supervise  drainage 
systems.  It  will  be  of  interest  to  county  surveyors,  to  men  wfio  wish  to  ad- 
vance from  lower  positions  in  drainage  work,  and  to  those  who  have  drainage 
systems  under  their  supervision,  such  as  county  engineers. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (T)r-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments  and 
intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  represen- 
tation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessaiT  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometi'y  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graifiiical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  {CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering structures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 
conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  use  of  level,  transit  and  other 
instruments.  Survey  computations.  Determi- 
nation of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude  and 
time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 


Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane.  Ro- 
tary motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  defor- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engineer- 
ing. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  General 
theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of  shafts. 
Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resilience  and 
work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 

Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Pres- 
sure gauges.  Water  meters.  Current  meters. 
The  Pitot  tube.  Flow  of  water  through  ori- 
fices, over  weirs  of  various  types,  through 
tubes  and  pipes,  in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches 
and  canals.  Dynamic  pressure  of  water. 
Water  hammer.  Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s, 
Kutter’s  and  other  hydraulic  formulas. 

DRAINAGE  ENGINEERING  (CE-21)— Design, 
construction,  operation  and  maintenance  of 
drainage  systems. 

Collection  of  General  Data — Development  of 
land  drainage.  Qualifications  and  opportuni- 
ties of  the  drainage  engineer.  Preliminary 
surveys  and  estimates.  Run-off  from  under- 
drained areas.  Run-off  from  large  areas. 

Open  Drainage — Soil  drainage  by  open  chan- 
nels. Flow  in  open  channels.  Location  and 
construction  of  ditches  and  the  problems  con- 
nected therewith. 

Under-Drainage — Location  and  construction  of 
under-drains.  Flow  in  under-drains.  Proper 
size  of  tile  drains. 

Special  Drainage  Problems — Organization  of 
drainage  districts  and  their  operation.  De- 
sign, construction  and  maintenance  of  levee 
drainage  systems.  Reclamation  of  tidal  lands. 
Drainage  of  irrigated  lands.  Drainage  of 
muck  and  peat  lands.  Control  of  hill  wa- 
ters. Drainage  of  home  surroundings.  Cost 
estimates  of  drainage  construction,  operation 
and  maintenance. 


Course  Thorauglily  Practical — "Best  Yet” 

I must  say  I think  your  course  by  far  the  best  yet : the  textbooks  can’t  be  beat,  which  cer- 
tainly reflects  a great  deal  of  credit  on  some  one,  and  the  equipment  is  good,  wonderfully 
good.  I wish  I had  the  complete  outfit  and  library  here  now  for  use  in  my  work.  The  course 
is  thoroughly  practical  and  I have  derived  a great  deal  of  benefit  from  it  so  far  and  expect  to 
derive  a great  deal  more  in  the  near  future. 

— B.  F.  DONKIN,  73  Spring  St.,  Amherst,  N.  S.,  Canada. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


99 


Irrigation 

Irrigation  and  drainage  engineering  combined  might  be  termed  reclama- 
tion engineering.  Both  aim  at  the  restoration  of  waste  land  for  productive 
purposes  and  offer  similar  opportunities  to  engineers  situated  in  regions  having 
characteristics  which  require  in  one  case  drainage,  and  in  the  other  case  water-- 
ing.  Due  to  their  opposite  character,  they  cannot,  in  most  instances,  be  com- 
bined in  the  practice  of  one  engineer,  though  drainage  is  also  important  in  irri- 
gation work.  The  course  deals  with  the  engineering,  rather  than  the  agri- 
cultural aspects  of  ii-rigation,  and  with  stream  flow,  storage,  canals,  pipe  lines, 
dams,  and  other  structures  required  on  irrigation  projects.  It  is  intended  for 
the  man  who  desires  to  become  connected  with  the  work  of  reclaiming  arid 
and  semi-arid  lands,  or  the  management  of  irrigation  systems  after  construc- 
tion. It  offers  an  opportunity  for  advancement  to  those  who  are  now  occupying 
minor  positions  in  this  work. 


Engineering 


CE-23X) 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
ing. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pii^es. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished— -no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)— 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Shop  and 
construction  detail.  Drawings  for  wood,  steel, 
concrete  and  other  materials  in  civil  engi- 
neering stnictures.  Foundation  plans.  Topo- 
graphical maps.  Highway  and  railroad  maps. 
City  plats.  Profiles.  Cross  sections. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3)— Preliminary 

conceptions  and  definitions.  Description,  ad- 
justment and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys. 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 


Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane.  Ro- 
tai*y  motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Elastic  limit  and  ultimate  strength  of  struc- 
tural materials.  Elastic  and  ultimate  for- 
mation. Properties  of  materials  of  engineer- 
ing. Discussion  of  simple  stress.  General 
theory  of  beams.  Overhanging  and  fixed 
beams.  Columns  and  struts.  Torsion  of 
shafts.  Apparent  combined  stresses.  Resil- 
ience of  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  metals. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Fundamental  data. 
Physical  properties  of  water.  Hydrostatics. 
Pressure  of  water.  Theoretical  hydraulics. 
Characteristics  of  jets.  Hook  gauges.  Pres- 
sure gauges.  Water  meters.  Current  meters. 
The  Pitot  tube.  Flow  of  water  through  ori- 
fices, over  weirs  of  various  types,  through 
tubes  and  pipes,  in  conduits,  sewers,  ditches 
and  canals.  Dynamic  pressure  of  water. 
Water  hammer.  Study  of  Francis’,  Bazin’s, 
Kutter’s  and  other  hydraulic  formulas. 

IRRIGATION  ENGINEERING  (CE-22)— De- 
sign, construction,  operation  and  mainte- 
nance of  irrigation  projects. 

Preliminary  Conceptions — General  features  of 
irrigation.  Its  history.  Work  of  the  United 
States  Reclamation  Service.  Legal  consider- 
ations and  its  importance  as  a social  factor. 

Hydrology  of  Irrigation — Rainfall.  Evapora- 
tion. Seepage.  Stream  flow.  Water  storage. 
Floods  and  droughts.  Hydraulics  as  applied 
to  irrigation. 

Application  of  Water  to  Land — Water  required 
for  plant  growth.  Harmful  effects  of  exces- 
sive irrigation.  Water  logging  of  the  soil. 
Mosquitoes  and  malarial  effects.  Danger 
from  alkali  water.  Irrigation  by  flooding. 
Irrigation  by  furrowing. 

Works  for  Irrigation — Classification  and  de- 
scription. Study  of  the  various  forms  of 
canals.  Slope  and  alignment  of  canals.  Head 
works.  Sluice  ways  and  regulators.  Distrib- 
uting tubes  and  pipes.  Dams,  reservoirs,  and 
weirs.  Pumps  and  pumping.  Operation  of 
irrigation  systems. 


"Happy  is  the  man  that  findeth  wisdom,  and  the  man  that  getteth  un- 
derstanding, for  the  merchandise  of  it  is  better  than  the  merchandise 
of  silver,  and  the  gain  thereof  than  fine  gold.” — Prov.  3:13-18. 


100 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Hydraulics 

(CE-19X) 

Hydraulics,  as  its  name  implies,  is  the  groundwork  of  the  hydraulic  engi 
neering  subjects,  such  as  water  supply,  sewerage,  drainage  and  irrigation. 
Aside  from  many  practical  applications  of  its  own,  it  is  absolutely  essential 
for  those  wishing  to  study  any  of  the  subjects  mentioned.  Those  dealing  with 
the  flow  of  water  in  pipes  and  conduits,  or  who  have  to  do  with  pumps  and 


other  hydraulic  machinery,  will  find  this 
Subjects  Covered 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1 ) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make 
them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 

how’  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  impor- 
tant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
the  laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  and 
accelerated  motion.  Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Work.  Power.  Efficiency.  Potential  and  ki- 
netic energy.  Heat.  The  inclined  plane.  Ro- 
tary motion  and  centrifugal  force. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — Genei-al  discussion  of 
the  properties  and  action  of  liquids. 

Fundamental  Data — Units  of  measure.  Physi- 
cal properties  of  water.  Acceleration  of  grav- 


an  excellent  course. 
in  This  Course: 

ity  as  applied  to  hydraulics.  Arrangement 
of  computations. 

Hydrostatics — Transmission  of  pressure.  Head 
and  pressure.  Loss  of  weight  in  Water. 
Depth  of  flotation.  Normal  and  oblique  pres- 
sure. Center  of  pressure.  Pressure  on  gates 
and  dams. 

Theoretical  Hydraulics — Laws  of  falling  bodies. 
Flow  from  orifices.  Flow  under  pressure. 
Velocity  of  approach.  Energy,  impulse,  re- 
action and  path  of  jets.  Absolute  and  rela- 
tive velocities.  Theoretic  discharge.  Steady 
flow  in  smooth  pipes  and  emptying  of  vessels. 

Instruments  and  Observations — The  hook  gauge. 
Pressure  gauges.  Water  meters.  Measure- 
ment of  mean  velocity  and  discharge.  Cur- 
rent meters.  The  Pitot  tube.  Discussion  of 
observations. 

Flow  of  Water — Coefficients  of  velocity  and 
discharge.  Submerged  orifices  under  varying 
heads.  Standard  weirs — with  and  without 
end  contractions.  Francis’  formula.  Dams. 
Flow  through  tubes.  Loss  of  head  under  va- 
rious conditions.  Flow  in  pipes.  Losses  due 
to  curvature.  Computation  of  size  of  pipes 
and  conduits.  Hydraulic  gradient.  Formulas 
for  flow  in  pipes.  Flow  in  conduits  of  vari- 
ous shapes  and  under  varying  conditions. 
Kutter’s  formula.  Sewers.  Ditches  and  ca- 
nals. Bazin’s  formula.  Variation  of  veloci- 
ties in  the  cross-sections  of  streams.  Dynamic 
pressure  of  water,  experiments  on  impulse 
and  reaction.  Pressure  on  surfaces  at  rest 
or  immersed  bodies,  on  curved  pipes  and 
channels.  Water  hammer  in  pipes. 


Engineering  Contracts  and 
Specifications 

(CE-4x) 

Preparation  of  contracts  and  specifications  is  an  important  part  of  the 
duties  of  the  engineer.  This  phase  of  engineering  training  is  too  frequently 
neglected  or  entirely  overlooked.  No  engineer  should  consider  his  knowledge— 
his  stock  in  trade — as  wholly  complete  or  even  practically  so  without  a thor- 
ough understanding  of  the  business  principles  to  be  observed  in  drawing  a 
binding  set  of  specifications  and  a workable  contract  for  construction  work. 

Our  course  is  designed  for  men  who  desire  a practical  knowledge  of  this 
subject  to  round  out  their  training  as  indicated  above. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Formation  of  con- 
tracts. Competent  parties.  Operation  and 
discharge  of  contracts.  Discharge  in  bank- 
ruptcy. Contracts  concerning  goods.  Sales 
of  goods.  Duties  of  seller.  Duties  of  buyer. 
Bailment  of  goods.  Contracts  concerning 
credits.  Negotiable  instruments.  Conduct  of 
business  through  representatives.  Property 
in  land  and  movables.  Real  property.  Per- 
sonal property. 

ENGINEERING  CONTRACTS  AND  SPECIFI- 
CATIONS (CE-2) — Proper  coordination  of 


specifications.  Contracts,  bonds  and  other 
contractual  arrangements. 

Contract  and  Bond — Definitions,  contract  es- 
sentials. Surety  bonds.  Advertisements  for 
bidders.  Information  for  bidders.  Form  of 
proposals. 

Specifications — General  clauses — the  proper 

wording.  Considerations  of  fairness.  Plans. 
Duties  of  the  construction  engineer.  Duties 
of  the  contractor  and  his  workmen.  Prog- 
ress of  the  work.  Specific  clauses.  Arrange- 
ment of  clauses  and  application  to  the  spe- 
cial engineering  problem  being  specified. 


Study  ]ViU  Bring  the  Success  You  Seek 


For  the  men  who  are  prepared,  there  is  an  era 
of  prosperity  just  ahead.  It  will  mean  in- 
creased incomes  and  opportunities  to  the  men 
of  vision.  This  industrial  improvement  which  is 
even  now  apparent  in  a great  many  enterprises, 
will  create  a .demand  for  trained  men  who  have 
been  prepared  by  experience  and  education.  You 
can  take  a place  in  this  coming  period  of  prosperity 
by  getting  the  right  education. 

With  the  growth  in  the  mechanical  production 
of  manufactured  articles  the  demand  for  trained 
men  has  increased  in  proportion.  The  supply  of 
men  capable  of  directing  production  and  keeping  it 
up  to  its  highest  point  of  efficiency  comes  far  from 
satisfying  the  demand. 

A Y.M.C.A.  course  in  Mechanical  Engineering 
or  one  of  its  allied  subjects  will  fully  qualify  you 
to  direct  the  work  of  others  efficiently.  Your  latent 
ability  and  constructive  ideas  can  then  be  utilized  to  the  fullest  degree.  Your 
success  in  gaining  quick  advancement  and  increased  pay  will  surely  follow. 

Earnings  in  the  Mechanical  Field 

As  to  salaries,  a first-class  mechanical  engineer  can  today  obtain  from 
$2,500  to  $8,000  a year,  and  sometimes  more.  The  higher  salaried  positions, 
however,  require  executive  ability.  Skilled  machinists  and  tool  makers,  pattern 
makers,  blacksmiths  and  moulders,  are  paid  $5  to  $10  a day,  with  time  and  a 
half  or  double  time  for  over-time.  A foreman  or  superintendent,  having  taken 
a course  in  Advanced  Machine  Shop  Practice  and  Machine  Shop  Management, 
may  receive  $2,500  to  $5,000  a year.  Skilled  draftsmen  with  ability  to  design 
get  $150  to  $225  a month.  Factory  managers  receive  $4,000  or  more  a year. 
Men  qualified  in  all  branches  of  steam  engineering  get  $3,000  to  $6,000.  Re- 
frigerating engineers,  $2,500  to  $4,500.  Master  plumbers,  $8  to  $12  a day. 

Teachers  of  Experience  to  Guide  You 

The  head  of  the  Mechanical  Engineering  Department  is  George  B.  Preston, 
M.M.E.,  a graduate  of  Cornell  University  and  for- 
merly a member  of  the  faculty  of  Mechanical  Engi- 
neering at  Columbia  University.  In  addition  to  his 
teaching  experience,  Mr.  Preston  has  been  engaged 
in  mechanical  engineering  practice  for  fifteen  years. 

Mr.  Preston  is  ably  assisted  by  Professor  C.  C.  Slef- 
fel,  formerly  assistant  professor  of  Industrial  Arts 
at  Teachers  College  and  now  assistant  professor  of 
Mechanical  Engineering,  Columbia  University. 

These  two  masters  of  mechanical  studies  are  ably 
assisted  in  their  work  by  a corps  of  experienced 
instructors  and  examiners  who  give  their  most 
careful  personal  attention  to  every  lesson  sent  in 
by  the  student.  They  are  always  ready  to  assist 
students  in  solving  practical  problems  and  their 
help  and  advice  have  proved  invaluable  to  many 
men  who  have  studied  under  their  direction  and 
shared  in  their  wealth  of  experience. 


Let  Your  Home  Be  Your  College 


102 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Mechanical  Engineering 

(ME-20x) 

This  course  is  planned  for  the  practical  man  in  any  position  from  appren- 
tice to  manager,  who  desires  to  prepare  for  advancement  by  obtaining  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  the  fundamental  principles  of  the  theory  and  practice 
of  mechanical  engineering. 

The  course  is  also  well  adapted  to  fill  the  needs  of  the  man  whose  college 
course  in  mechanical  engineering  has  been  interrupted  and  who  wishes  to 
complete  his  education. 

It  is  a most  complete  and  comprehensive  course,  covering  all  phases  of 
mechanical  engineering.  Nothing  is  omitted  that  will  serve  to  fit  the  student 
to  fill  practical  positions  of  large  responsibility.  A study  of  the  content  of  the 
course  as  outlined  below  should  be  convincing  proof  of  its  thoroughness. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instrumc7its,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consider- 
ations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2)  — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with 
formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later  in 
the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING(Dr-47) 
- Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

USE  OF  THE  SLIDE  RULE  (CE-1)— Me- 
chanical multiplication  and  division.  Roots, 
powers.  Representation  of  logarithms  on 
the  scales  of  the  rule.  Setting  the  rule  to 
perform  various  arithmetical  calculations. 
Locating  the  decimal  point.  How  to  perform 
a series  of  operations  on  the  rule. 

*SOLID  GEOMETRY  (Ma-15)— Fundamental 
propositions  which  have  to  do  with  solids  of 
various  shapes.  Problems  of  practical  value 
to  the  engineer. 

•ANALYTICAL  GEOMETRY  (Ma-7)— Com- 
prehensive treatment  of  the  relation  be- 
tween the  equation  and  the  prraph.  Helpful 
in  the  field  of  engineering.  Prerequisite  for 
the  calculus. 

•CALCULUS  fMa-8) — A simple  and  direct 
treatment  of  both  branches  of  the  calculus 
applied  to  problems  in  dynamics ; physics ; 
and  mechanical,  electrical,  and  civil  engi- 
neering. Many  interesting  problems  dis- 
cussed. 


* Optional.  (See  Page  12.) 


♦COST  ACCOUNTING  (Co-4)— Principles. 
Methods.  Indirect  expense  accounts.  Stores 
accounting  and  records.  Labor  costs.  Time 
and  pay  records.  Indirect  expense.  Fixed 
charges.  Expense  distribution.  Representa- 
tive cost  systems.  Graphic  presentation  of 
cost  data.  Use  of  charts.  Forms. 

Particularly  valuable  in  connection  with  Fac- 
tory Management  and  Industrial  Efficiency 
(ME-10),  or  with  Foremanship  (ME-11), 

MACHINE  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-46)— 
Working  drawings  of  complex  machine  de- 
tails. Study  of  dimensioning  as  related  to 
drawing  room,  pattern  shop,  machine  shop. 
Assembly  drawings  from  details.  Study  of 
such  considerations  as  scales,  proper  meth- 
ods of  representation,  interference  and 
checking  dimensions.  Methods  of  procedure 
in  assembling.  Assembly  and  general  shop 
notes. 

PHYSICS  (Ac-26)^ — Simple  and  direct  instruc- 
tion dealing  with  transfer  of  energy  and 
properties  of  matter.  Heat  and  light.  Elec- 
tricity and  magnetism. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Laws  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform  motion.  Acceler- 
ated motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal 
force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential  and 
kinetic  energy. 

DESCRIPTIVE  GEOMETRY  (Dr-52)— Princi- 
ples of  projection.  Manipulation  of  planes 
and  traces.  Practice  in  the  use  and  making 
of  plates. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elas- 
tic change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials 
of  engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of  beams. 
Reactions.  Vertical  shear.  Bending  mo- 
ment. Internal  and  external  forces.  Safe 
loads.  Column  formulas.  Combined  stresses. 
Axial  shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience 
and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials. 
Torsion  of  shafts. 

MACHINE  DRAWING  (Dr-9)— Working  draw- 
ings of  machinery.  Special  attention  to  the 
detail  of  machinery.  Assembly  drawings. 
Calculations  required  in  connection  with  the 
design  of  machines.  Plates  include  machine 
drawings.  Thorough  attention  is  given  to 
various  machine  details. 

MACHINE  SHOP  TOOLS  AND  METHODS 
(ME-1 4 ) — Measuring  instruments,  microme- 
ter calipers,  limit  gauges,  hand  tools  and 
their  use.  Comprehensive  treatment  of  en- 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


103 


gine  lathe,  and  its  various  uses.  Special 
lathes,  turret  lathes,  gap  lathe,  screw  cut- 
ting machines.  Shapers.  Slotters.  Milling 
machines.  Boring  and  drilling  machines. 
Gear  cutting  machines.  Key  seating  ma- 
chines. Emery  wheels.  Grinding  machines. 
Cutting  tools.  Speeds  and  feeds.  Speeds  and 
feeds  for  grinding. 

BLACKSMITHIXG  AND  FORGING  (ME-12) 
— Tools  and  equipment.  Welding.  Calcula- 
tion of  stock.  Upsetting.  Drawing  out  and 
bending. 

Steam  Hammer  Work — Auxiliary  tools.  Form- 
ing dies.  Drop  forging. 

Tool  Forging  and  Tempering — Miscellaneous 
forging  operations,  brazing,  shrinking.  Pipe 
bending. 

Heat  Treatment  of  Steel — Various  forms  of 
hardening  baths,  tempering,  case  hardening. 
High-speed  steel  and  its  manipulation. 

CHEMISTRY  ) Ac-IT) — Fundamental  princi- 
ples and  applications  of  chemistry  necessary 
for  the  engineer.  Chemical  elements.  Prin- 
ciples and  laws.  Nomenclature.  Equations. 
Acids  and  bases.  Methods  of  recording  sci- 
entific observations. 

FOUNDRY  PRACTICE  (ME-13)— Methods  of 
molding.  Working  with  green  sand,  dry  sand, 
and  loam.  Methods  of  molding  as  applied  to 
steel,  brass,  bronze,  malleable  and  chilled 
iron.  Stresses  due  to  contracting  in  molding. 
Molding  machines.  Die  casting.  Special  prob- 
lems in  founding. 

MECHANISM  (Dr-13) — Fundamental  ideas  in 
regard  to  mechanism.  Various  methods  for 
applying  forces.  Various  linkages  with  con- 
siderations in  regard  to  their  design  and 
application. 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  TURBINES  (ME-3) 
— Fundamental  principles.  Work  and  power. 
Steam  engines.  Indicator  diagrams.  Mean 
effective  pressure.  Indicated  horse  power. 
Brake  horse  power. 

Energy — Heat.  Unit  of  heat.  Mechanical  equiv- 
alent of  heat.  Calorimeters.  Generation  of 
heat.  Effect  of  heat  on  gases.  Laws  of  gases. 
Properties  of  steam.  Condensation  and  evap- 
oration. 

Heat,  Work  and  Pressure — Properties  of  steam. 
Use  of  the  steam  tables.  Indicator  diagrams. 
The  planimeter.  The  entropy  diagram.  Ther- 
mal efficiency. 

The  Steam  Engine— Elementary  principles. 
Classification  of  engines.  Detailed  consider- 
ation of  the  various  parts  of  steam  engine 
— slide  valve,  valve  setting,  eccentrics,  re- 
versing mechanisms,  valve  gears,  governors, 
compound  engines,  condensing  apparatus. 
Cooling  ponds  and  tow’ers. 

Turbines — Temperature  entropy  diagrams  as 
applied  to  superheated  steam.  Flow  of  steam. 
Characteristic  types  of  turbines.  Details  of 
turbine  construction.  Nozzles  and  blades  and 
the  action  of  steam  in  them.  Graphical  so- 
lutions of  problems  in  turbine  design.  Me- 
chanical losses  in  turbines.  Thermal  losses 
in  turbines.  Commercial  types  of  turbines. 
Problems  in  governing  steam  turbines.  Va- 


rious commercial  types  of  governors.  Trans- 
mission. Testing.  Design.  Problems  involv- 
ing strength  of  materials. 

MACHINE  DESIGN  fDr-8) — Fundamental  prin- 
ciples of  design.  Designing  and  drawing  ma- 
chine details.  The  design  of  couplings,  bear- 
ings, journals,  gears,  frames  and  bed  plates. 
Steam  engine  details.  Steam  engine  design. 

STEAM  BOILERS,  SUPERHEATERS  AND 
ECONOMIZERS  (ME-4)— General  consider- 
ations. Fuels  and  combustion.  Selection  and 
purchase  of  coal.  Powdered  coal.  Hand  fir- 
ing. Various  types  of  mechanical  stokers. 
Axixiliary  apparatus  for  handling  coal. 

Oil — Oil  burning  furnaces.  Theoretical  and 
practical  considerations  in  regard  to  oil 
transportation  and  storage.  Fundamentals 
of  combustion.  Calorific  value  of  oil.  Gas 
and  its  application  to  the  steam  boiler.  The- 
ory of  combustion.  Products  of  combustion. 
Heat  losses.  Heat  balance.  Testing. 

Steam  Boilers — Discussion  of  various  types  of 
boilers — vertical  tube,  fire  box,  Scotch  ma- 
rine, horizontal  return  tubular.  Babcock  & 
Wilcox,  Heine,  Parker,  Wickes,  Stirling, 
Winslow,  and  others.  Detailed  study  of  the 
steam  boiler,  touching  upon  heating  surfaces, 
horse  power,  grate  surfaces,  rate  of  combus- 
tion, boiler  efficiency,  grate  efficiency,  boiler 
cai^acity,  grate  settings,  boiler  auxiliaries. 

Superheaters — Advantages  of  superheating. 

Types  of  superheaters.  Limits  of  superheat- 
ing. Theoretical  considerations.  Various  com- 
mercial types  of  superheaters. 

Economizers — Choice  of  feed  water  heating 
systems.  Factors  determining  installation  of 
economizers.  Value  of  economizers.  Feed  wa- 
ter heaters.  Temperature  rise  in  economizers. 

Other  Auxiliaries — Pumps.  Condensers.  Piping. 
Feed  water  purification  systems. 

Installation — Cost  of  power.  Typical  specifica- 
tions. Typical  central  stations.  Isolated  sta- 
tions. Characteristic  load  curves  for  various 
operating  conditions. 

STEAM — Miscellaneous  Applications  (ME-18) 
— Heat  losses  from  buildings.  Types  of  heat- 
ing systems.  Types  of  installations.  Calcu- 
lation of  sizes  of  installations.  Heating  con- 
tracts. Evaporating.  Distilling.  Digesting. 

HYDRAULICS  (CE-18) — General  discussion  of 
the  properties  of  liquids. 

Hydrostatics — Transmission  of  pressure.  Effect 
of  head  upon  pressure.  Flotation.  Pressure 
on  gates  and  dams. 

Theoretical  Hydraulics — Laws  of  falling  bod- 
ies. Flow  from  orifices  and  through  pipes. 
Weirs  and  their  application  in  determining 
the  flow  of  water.  Hydraulic  gradient.  Meas- 
uring instruments  and  their  application. 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTICAL 
MEN  (EE-7) — Current.  Resistance.  Electro- 
motive force.  Magnetism.  Direct  current  gen- 
erators, parts  and  windings.  Heating  and 
power.  D.  C.  motors  and  controllers.  Re- 
sistance. Alternating  currents.  Transform- 
ers. Polyphase  principles.  Alternators.  A.  C. 
motors.  Controllers.  Synchronous  converter. 
A.C.  and  D.C.  motor  troubles.  Storage  batter- 
ies. Illumination.  Lamps,  reflectors.  Wiring. 


NOTE:  In  addition  to  the  subjects  already  listed  one  only  of  the  following  sub- 

jects is  required  to  complete  the  Mechanical  Engineering  Course.  If  others  are 
desired  they  may  be  had  at  an  additional  cost.  Price  on  application. 


FUELS  AND  FUEL  ECONOMY  (MED— 
Heat  Energy — How  it  is  expressed.  Heat 
transfer  in  boilers.  Radiation.  Conduction. 
Convection.  Boiler  circulation.  Steam  forma- 
tion. Characteristics  of  steam. 

Fuels — Wood.  Peat.  Lignite.  Anthracite  coal. 


Bituminous  coal.  Pulverized  coal.  Fuel  oil. 
Gas.  Heat  values.  Proximate  analysis.  Ulti- 
mate analysis.  Purchase  of  fuels. 

Drafts — Draft  loss.  Value  of  chimneys.  Forced 
draft.  Use  of  fan.  Induced  draft. 

Firing  Methods — Burning  hard  coal.  Burning 


In  the  Long  Run  Trained  Heads  Win 


104 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


soft  coal.  Firing  efficiency.  Overfeed  stokers. 
Underfeed  stokers.  Chain  grate  stokers.  Hand 
stokers. 

Furnaces — Furnaces  for  metallurgical  and 
other  manufacturing  purposes.  Furnace  ef- 
ficiency. Control  apparatus  for  furnace  oper- 
ation. 

ENGINE  ROOM  METHODS  (ME-2)— Heat, 
work  and  pressure.  Properties  of  steam.  For- 
mation of  steam.  Superheated  steam.  The  in- 
dicator. Ratio  of  expansion.  Mean  effective 
pressure.  Principles  of  the  steam-  engine.  Au- 
tomatic high-speed  engines.  Corliss,  cross 
compound,  tandem  compound.  Locomobile 
and  uniflow  engines.  Action  of  steam  in 
cylinder.  Steam  engine  testing.  Slide  valves. 
Poppet  valves.  Valve  setting.  Operation 
and  maintenance.  Condensers.  Forms  of 
condensing  apparatus. 

Gears — Meyer  valve  gear.  Stephenson  link  mo- 
tion. Walschaert  valve  gear.  Corliss  valve 
gear. 

Governors — Pendulum  governors.  Shaft  gov- 
ernors. Inertia  governors.  Centrifugal  gov- 
ernors. 

Lubrication — Friction.  Characteristics  of  oil. 

Testing  oils.  Lubricating  systems. 

Turbines — General  principles.  Types  of  turbines. 
Operation  and  maintenance. 

GAS  AND  OIL  ENGINE  OPERATION  (ME-6) 
— This  subject  is  designed  to  meet  the  needs 
of  operating  engineers  who  wish  to  increase 
their  knowledge  of  the  principles  and  meth- 
ods involved  in  the  operation  of  stationary 
gas  and  oil  engines,  enabling  them  to  qual- 
ify as  chief  engineers  of  power  plants 
equipped  with  these  engines.  Among  the  top- 
ics covered  are : Sources  of  power.  Laws  of 
gases.  Heat  energy.  Carnot's  cycle.  Gas  en- 
gine cycles.  Combustion.  Carburetion.  Igni- 
tion. Governing.  Cooling.  Brake  horse  power. 
Indicated  horse  power.  Cylinders.  Speeds. 
Efficiency.  Scavenging.  Engine  operation  and 
maintenance.  Repairs. 

REFRIGERATION  (ME-7)— The  extraction  of 
heat.  Heat  liberated  or  absorbed  when  matter 
changes  its  state.  Refrigeration  by  evapora- 
tion of  liquids.  Thorough  consideration  of 
such  systems  as  compression,  absorption, 
brine  circulating,  and  congealing  tank.  Com- 
pressors, generators,  absorbers,  exchangers, 
analyzers,  condensers,  piping,  tanks.  Ice- 
making systems — can  system,  plate  system, 
center-freeze  system.  Distilling  apparatus. 
Miscellaneous  auxiliaries.  Design  and  con- 
struction of  cold  storage  plants. 

PLUMBING  (ME-8) — Plumbing  tools.  Plumb- 
ing materials.  Joints  and  connections.  Use 
of  soldering  iron,  gas  furnace,  and  gasoline 
torch.  Wiped  joints.  Work  with  tile  pipes. 
Work  with  cast-iron  pipes.  Work  with  screwed 
pipes.  Design  of  house  drainage  systems. 
Sewer  sy. stems.  Sewerage  disposal.  Hydro- 
mechanics. Direct  and  indirect  water  supply 
systems.  Hot  water  supply.  House  heating  by 
warm  air,  steam  and  hot  water. 

TRACTORS  AND  FARM  MACHINERY 
(RE-4) — Sources  of  power.  Internal  com- 
bustion engines.  Steam  engines  and  boilers. 
Steam  and  gas  tractors.  Stationary  gaso- 
line and  kerosene  engines. 

FACTORY  MANAGEMENT  AND  INDUS- 
TRIAL EFFICIENCY  (ME-10)  -Course  for 
mechanics,  foremen,  superintendents,  and 
managers  who  desire  to  make  themselves 
more  valuable.  It  will  increase  their  knowl- 
edge of  the  most  efficient  modern  production 
methods,  including  handling  of  materials.  It 
discusses  exhaustively  the  best  methods  of 
handling  men.  It  considers  the  various  de- 


partmental relationships,  purchasing  of  ma- 
terials, various  wage  systems  and  accounting. 

FOREMANSHIP(ME-ll) — The  foreman's  place 
in  industry.  Methods  of  getting  proauction. 
Departmental  relationships.  Developing  in- 
terest. Materials  and  their  handling.  Work- 
ing machinery  to  capacity.  Team  work.  Safe- 
guarding the  worker.  Principles  of  organiza- 
tion. Systems  of  wage  payment.  Art  of  man- 
agement. 

MACHINE  SHOP  MANAGEMENT  (ME-231  — 
Shop  organizations  and  their  characteristics 
in  regard  to  management.  Apprenticeship 
training.  Function  of  drafting  room.  Personal 
effectiveness.  Standardization  of  machine 
units.  Tool  room  methods.  Production  sys- 
tems. Inspection  systems.  Purchasing  meth- 
ods. Inventories.  Routing.  Dispatching.  Plan- 
ning. Time  and  cost  keeping.  Rate  setting. 
Profit  sharing  and  bonus  systems. 

ADVANCED  MACHINE  SHOP  PRACTICE 
(ME-24) — Standard  machines,  tools,  and  at- 
tachments. Cutting  feeds  and  speeds.  Cutting 
tool  angles  and  clearances.  Low-swing  lathes. 
Multiple  turning.  Relieving  attachments. 
Thread  cutting.  Turret  lathe  practice.  Hollow 
milling  tools.  Gear  cutting.  Boring  mills. 
Drilling  practice  and  jig  design  Radial  drills. 
Principles  of  jig  design.  Grinding  processes. 
Magnetic  chucks.  Planing  mills.  Universal 
milling  machines.  Angular  indexing.  Die 
sinking  machines. 

PATTERNMAKING  (ME-16)— Properties  and 
uses  of  the  principal  varieties  of  timber.  De- 
fects in  timber.  Seasoning.  Effects  of  shrink- 
age. Preservation  of  timber.  Patterns  and 
their  relation  to  molding.  Skeleton  patterns. 
Split  patterns.  Solid  patterns.  Equipment  for 
patternmaking. 

TOOL  DRAFTING  AND  DESIGN  (Dr-7)— 
Standard  and  special  tools.  Design  of  turn- 
ing tools.  Turning  tools  for  the  turret  lathe. 
Boring  tools.  Boring  bars.  Recessing  tools. 
Arbors  for  turning,  boring  and  grinding. 
Chucks.  Taper  boring  and  turning  attach- 
ments. Jigs  and  fixtures.  Practical  consid- 
erations in  regard  to  detailing  emphasized 
throughout. 

PUNCH  AND  DIE  DRAFTING  AND  DESIGN 
(Dr-14) — Fundamental  principles.  Press  tools 
in  general.  Blanking  dies.  Piercing  tools. 
Compound  dies  for  blanking  and  piercing. 
Parting  tools.  Shaving  dies.  Trimming  dies. 
Drawing  dies.  Combination  dies.  Bending  and 
forming  tools.  Dies  for  embossing  and  mark- 
ing, riveting  and  swaging.  Indexing  and 
transfer  dies.  Punch  and  die  standards.  Meth- 
ods tor  hardening  dies.  Design  of  punches 
and  dies. 

SHEET  METAL  DESIGN  (Dr-39)— Tinsmith- 
ing.  Sheet  metal  work.  Skylight  work.  Roof- 
ing. Cornice  work. 

ELECTRICAL  EQUIPMENT  OF  THE  AUTO- 
MOBILE (EE-9) — Fundamental  principles. 
Magnetos.  Batteries.  Motors.  Generators. 
Spark  plugs.  Starting  and  lighting  systems. 
Wiring  diagi-ams.  Charging  equipment.  Elec- 
trical accessories.  Testing. 

AUTOMOBILE  CONSTRUCTION  AND  RE- 
PAIR (ME-20) — Locating  trouble,  adjusting, 
and  making  repairs  of  automobile  and  truck 
engines.  Carburetors.  Fuel  supply.  Cooling 
and  lubrication  systems.  Clutches.  Transmis- 
sions. Steering  apparatus.  Wheels.  Brakes. 
Springs.  Shop  equipment  for  repairing  au- 
tomobiles and  trucks. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


105 


Machine  Shop  Tools  and  Methods 

(ME-16X) 

Every  man  employed  in  the  building,  operation  or  repair  of  machinery 
will  find  in  this  course  a short  cut  to  advancement.  Not  only  does  it  give  a 
thorough  explanation  of  the  standard  tools  and  their  varied  uses  in  the  ma- 
chine shop,  but  it  trains  the  student  to  sketch,  draw  or  illustrate  machines  or 
repairs  to  them. 

Completion  of  the  course  will  give  the  student  a practical,  comprehensive 
knowledge  of  machine  shop  tools  and  methods  that  will  insure  a better  job  and 
bigger  pay. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-4.5)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Free-hand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictor- 
ial representation.  Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
insiriime7its,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-21) 
Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to  use 
tables  and  charts?  Geometric  constructions  for 
the  man  in  the  shop. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 


mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

MACHINE  SHOP  TOOLS  AND  METHODS 
(ME-14) — Measuring  instruments,  microme- 
ter calipers,  limit  gauges,  hand  tools  and 
their  use.  Comprehensive  treatment  of  engine 
lathe,  and  its  various  uses.  Special  lathes. 
Turret  lathes,  gap  lathe,  screw  cutting  ma- 
chine. Shapers.  Slotters.  Milling  machines. 
Boring  and  drilling  machines.  Gear  cutting 
machines.  Key  seating  machines.  Emery 
wheels.  Grinding  machines.  Cutting  tools. 
Speeds  and  feeds.  Speeds  and  feeds  for 
grinding. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  (Dr-48)— Training  in 
the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches  of 
machine  details,  sections  and  assemblies.  As- 
sembly sketches  from  machine  details. 


Advanced  Machine  Shop  Practice 

(ME-24X) 

A course  for  the  advanced  apprentice  or  for  the  machinist  who  wishes  to 
become  fully  informed  with  regard  to  modern  machine  tools.  It  should  be 
undertaken  by  men  who  are  familiar  with  the  standard  machine  tools  and  have 
a working  knowledge  of  the  simpler  machine  shop  operations.  It  will  increase 
their  knowledge  of  standard  and  special  machines.  A man  who  has  completed 
this  course  should  qualify  as  a first-class  machinist  or  foreman. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

AU  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instrxtments , furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 
— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  constructions 
for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonometry  as 
used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 


mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

ADVANCED  MACHINE  SHOP  PRACTICE 
(ME-24) — Standard  machines,  tools,  and  at- 
tachments. Cutting  feeds  and  speeds.  Cut- 
ting tool  angles  and  clearances.  Low-swing 
lathes.  Multiple  turning.  Relieving  attach- 
ments. Thread  cuttin.g.  Turret  lathe  practice. 
Hollow  milling  tools.  Gear  cutting.  Boring 
mills.  Drilling  practice  and  jig  design.  Radial 
drills.  Princip'es  of  jig  design.  Grinding  proc- 
esses. Ma,gnetic  chucks.  Planing  mills.  Uni- 
versal milling  machines.  Angular  indexing. 
Die  sinking  machines. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  (Dr-48)— Training  in 
the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches  of 
machine  details,  sections  and  assemblies.  As- 
sembly sketches  from  machine  details. 


Courses  Are  Up  to  College  Standard — 

These  Y.M.C.A.  Home  Study  Courses  are  wonderful.  The  texts  are  the  most  practical  and 
complete  books  I have  ever  seen.  From  what  I have  learned  of  engineering  courses  during  my 
two  years  at  College,  I am  convinced,  as  far  as  instruction  goes,  that  these  courses  are  up  to 
college  standard.  No  student  can  help  feeling  the  influence  of  service  which  lies  back  of  the 
whole  Y.M.C.A.  organization.  — ARLO  R.  LAUGEE,  26  Avery  St.,  Laconia,  N.  H. 


Think  What  You  Might  Be  If  You  Knew  More 


106 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Machine  Shop  Management 

(ME-25X) 

This  is  a course  for  men  who  desire  to  qualify  for  positions  in  shops  and 
factories  as  superintendents  or  managers,  and  who  wdsh  to  become  fully 
acquainted  with  modem  methods  of  production.  It  includes  the  selection  of 
equipment,  the  laying  out  of  shops  for  particular  operations,  and  the  most  effi- 
cient methods  of  handling  work  through  the  shops.  It  deals  with  the  principles 
upon  which  the  best  work  can  be  obtained  from  shop  workers. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


MACHINE  SHOP  MANAGEMENT  (ME-23)— 
Shop  organizations  and  their  characteristics 
in  regard  to  management.  Apprenticeship 
training.  Function  of  drafting  room.  Per- 
sonal effectiveness.  Standardization  of  ma- 


chine units.  Tool-room  methods.  Production 
systems.  Inspection  systems.  Purchasing 
methods.  Inventories.  Routing.  Dispatching. 
Planning.  Time  and  cost  keeping.  Rate  set- 
ting. Profit  sharing  and  bonus  systems. 


Advanced  Machine  Shop  Practice  and 
Machine  Shop  Management 

(ME-15x) 

A course  for  the  machinist,  foreman  or  superintendent  who  wishes  to  pi'e- 
pare  for  advancement  by  increasing  his  knowledge  of  up-to-date  machine 
tools,  their  capabilities  and  methods  of  use.  For  the  man  who  wishes  to  be- 
come thoroughly  familiar  with  the  most  efficient  methods  of  machine  shop 
management,  including  systems  of  planning,  routing,  and  inspecting  work. 


Problems  regarding  personnel. 

Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictor- 
ial representation.  Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 

— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  constructions 
for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonometry  as 
used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 

— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

ADVANCED  MACHINE  SHOP  PRACTICE 
(ME-24) — Standard  machines,  tools,  and  at- 


and  laying  out  equipment. 
in  This  Course: 

tachments.  Cutting  feeds  and  speeds.  Cut- 
ting tool  angles  and  clearances.  Low-swing 
lathes.  Multiple  turning.  Relieving  attach- 
ments. Thread  cutting.  Turret  lathe  practice. 
Hollow  milling  tools.  Gear  cutting.  Boring 
mills.  Drilling  practice  and  jig  design.  Ra- 
dial drills.  Principles  of  jig  design.  Grind- 
ing processes.  Magnetic  chucks.  Planing 
mills.  Universal  milling  machines.  Angular 
indexing.  Die  sinking  machines. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  {Dr-48)— Training  in 
the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches  of 
machine  details,  sections  and  assemblies.  As- 
sembly sketches  from  machine  details. 

MACHINE  SHOP  MANAGEMENT  (ME-23)  — 
Shop  organizations  and  their  characteristics 
in  regard  to  management.  Apprenticeship 
training.  Function  of  drafting  room.  Per- 
.sonal  effectiveness.  Standardization  of  ma- 
chine units.  Toolroom  methods.  Production 
systems.  Inspection  systems.  Purchasing 
methods.  Inventories.  Routing.  Dispatching. 
Planning.  Time  and  cost  keeping.  Rate  set- 
ting. Profit  sharing  and  bonus  systems. 


Advance  Shop  Practice  and  Management  Course  E.rpresses  Every  Detail  Xecessary 

As  a student  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  I wish  to  say  that  the  Correspondence  In- 
struction that  I have  received  from  your  course  has  helped  me  more  than  any  of  the  three 
other  correspondence  courses  I have  taken.  The  system  expressed  every  detail  necessary  ; also 
when  any  additional  information  is  required,  your  service  is  very  efficient. 

I feel  justified  in  recommending  any  of  the  courses,  as  I am  sure,  if  the  instructions  are 
followed  carefully,  other  students  will  benefit  from  your  courses  as  I have. 

— CHARLES  A.  WATKINS,  28  Temple  Street,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

His  Mechanical  Engineering  Course  a Splendid  Investment 

My  Course  in  Mechanical  Engineering  is  proving  a splendid  investment.  I am  gaining  a 
great  deal  of  valuable  knowledge  from  it  which  is  very  beneficial  in  my  daily  work. 

— RAYMOND  P.  ARLT,  W.  Crescent  Ave.,  Allendale,  N.  J. 

Learn  More  at  Home  to  Earn  More  in  the  Shop 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


107 


Foremanship 

(ME-18x) 

Prepare  yourself  for  the  job  ahead  of  you.  If  you  are  employed  in  factory 
work  and  are  looking  for  advancement,  you  should  study  this  course. 

For  foremen  this  training  is  of  especial  value.  The  most  vital  link  in  the 
chain  of  an  organization  is  the  foreman — he  is  the  point  of  contact  between 
worker  and  executive.  If  he  knows  how  to  get  results  in  production,  under- 
stands broader  policies  of  operation,  knows  how  to  manage  subordinates — in 
short,  if  he  knows  how  to  manage  efficiently,  he  is  on  his  way  to  advancement. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


FOREMANSHIP  (ME-11)— The  Foreman  and 
His  Job — Foreman’s  place  in  industry.  Ba- 
sic factors  in  production.  Departmental  rela- 
tionship. Foreman  and  management.  Foreman 
and  production.  Foreman  and  social  order. 
Materials  and  Their  Handling — Gathering  and 
issuing  materials.  Man  and  the  material. 
Movement  of  materials.  Care  of  materials. 
Fabricating  materials.  Developing  interest. 
Workmanship  and  originality.  System  and 
the  worker. 


Equipment  and  Machinery — General  factory 
equipment.  Working  machinery  to  capacity. 
Keeping  equipment  in  working  order.  Pro- 
viding machinery  with  work.  Working  con- 
ditions. Team  work.  Man  and  the  machine. 
Safeguarding  the  worker. 

Organization  and  Management — Principles  of 
organization.  Labor  turnover.  Systems  of  pay- 
ment for  labor.  Making  the  organization  ef- 
fective. Art  of  management.  Knowing  men. 
Developing  men.  Leadership, 


Factory  Management  and 
Industrial  Efficiency 

(ME-8x) 

Keen  competition  has  brought  about  much  standardization  of  factory  pro- 
duction and  operation  methods.  Industrial  concerns  throughout  the  country 
are  constantly  on  the  lookout  for  men  capable  of  reducing  production  costs. 
Men  who  can  efficiently  direct  the  operation  and  production  side  of  an  indus- 
trial plant  command  attractive  salaries.  The  position  is  very  favorable  to 
quick  advancement,  limited  only  by  the  manager’s  own  ability. 

The  instruction  covers  thoroughly  the  problems  that  confront  the  execu- 
tive in  entire  charge  of  labor,  the  production  costs  that  are  so  vital  to  the 
success  of  a factory,  and  the  most  modern  methods  of  factory  management. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


FACTORY  MANAGEMENT  AND  INDUS- 
TRIAL  EFFICIENCY  (ME-10)— Forms  of 
industrial  organization  and  systems  of  man- 
agement. Records  of  costs  and  manufactur- 
ing conditions.  Function  of  tool  service  de- 
partment. Ordering,  manufacturing,  distrib- 
uting and  accounting  systems  for  special 
tools.  Following  progress  of  work  in  manufac- 
turing department.  Inspection  system  for  ma- 
chine shops.  Storage  and  maintenance  for 
small  tools.  Methods  of  delivering  and  iden- 
tifying tools.  Organization  of  an  assembly 
department.  System  of  purchasing  depart- 
ment. 

Wage  Systems — Piece  work,  premium,  and  bo- 
nus systems. 

Drafting  Room  Systems. 

Bookkeeping  and  Accounting  Systems — Fac- 
tory cost  accounting.  Labor  and  manufac- 
turing expense.  Factory  accounting  practice. 


Vouchers.  Forms.  Statements.  Indirect-ex- 
pense. Depreciation.  Expense  distribution. 
Machine  hour  rates.  Process  cost  system. 
Use  of  graphic  charts. 

COST  ACCOUNTING  (Co-4>  — Principles. 
Methods.  Indirect  expense  accounts.  Stores 
accounting  and  records.  Costs.  Time  and 
pay  records.  Indirect  expense.  Fixed  charges. 
Expense  distribution.  Representative  cost  sys- 
tems. Graphic  presentation  of  cost  data. 
Use  of  charts.  Forms. 

FOREMANSHIP  (ME-11)— The  foreman’s 
place  in  industry.  Methods  of  getting  pro- 
duction. Departmental  relationships.  Devel- 
oping interest.  Materials  and  their  handling. 
Working  machinery  to  capacity.  Team  work. 
Safeguarding  the  worker.  Principles  of  or- 
ganization. Svstems  of  wage  payment.  Art 
of  management. 


Blacksmithing  and  Forging 

(ME-19X) 

A thoroughly  up-to-date,  practical  course  It  will  qualify  the  blacksmith, 
forge-shop  man,  or  foreman  for  advancement.  It  deals  with  the  best  methods 
of  working  hot  metals,  gives  thorough  instruction  in  laying  out  of  work,  and 
takes  up  in  detail  the  modern  machinery  used  in  production  of  forgings. 


By  Comparison  “Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


108 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictor- 
ial representation.  Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5)— Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-21) 
Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to  use 
tables  and  charts.  Geometric  constructions 
for  the  man  in  the  shop. 


MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assembles.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

BLACKSMITHING  AND  FORGING  (ME-12) 
— Tools  and  equipment.  Welding.  Calcula- 
tion of  stock.  Upsetting.  Drawing  out  and 
bending. 

Steam  Hammer  Work — Auxiliary  tools.  Form- 
ing dies.  Drop  forging. 

Tool  Forging  and  Tempering — Miscellaneous 
forging  operations,  brazing,  shrinking.  Pipe 
bending. 

Heat  Treatment  of  Steel — Various  forms  of 
hardening  baths,  tempering,  case  hardening. 
High-speed  steel  and  its  manipulation. 


Patternmaking 

(ME-14X) 

Patterns  as  they  are  made  today  in  the  modern  pattern  shop.  Practical 
and  comprehensive  enough  for  the  experienced  man.  Simple  enough  for  the 
young  man  who  hopes  to  become  an  expert  workman  or  to  assume  a position 
of  responsibility  in  the  pattern  shop.  It  deals  with  the  construction  of  the 
various  types  of  patterns,  discusses  moulding  and  its  effect  on  the  work  of  the 
patternmaker,  and  considers  the  durability  and  consequent  cost  of  a pattern 
in  relation  to  its  future  use.  The  machinery  of  the  pattern  shop,  its  care  and 
operation. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictor- 
ial representation.  Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost, 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5)— Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEM.^TICS  (Ma-6) 
- Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonome- 
try as  used  in  practical  problems. 


MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
- Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensions of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

PATTERNMAKING  (ME-16)— Properties  and 
uses  of  the  principal  varieties  of  timber.  De- 
fects in  timber.  Seasoning.  Effects  of  shrink- 
ages. Preservation  of  timber.  Patterns  and 
their  relation  to  molding.  Skeleton  patterns. 
Split  patterns.  Solid  patterns.  Conditions  of 
cost  and  durability.  Equipment  for  pattern 
making. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  (Dr-48)— Training  in 
the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches  of 
machine  details,  sections  and  assemblies.  As- 
sembly sketches  from  machine  details. 


Foundry  Practice 

(ME-17X) 

Metal  casting  has  been  practised  since  early  Babylonian  days.  It  is  one 
of  the  oldest  arts  of  which  we  have  any  record.  Foundry  operations  are 
simple  in  principle,  but  for  one  desiring  to  make  this  more  than  just  mere 
“work,”  it  is  necessary  that  he  have  a knowledge  of  metals,  heat,  sand  mould- 
ing machines,  etc.  This  course  provides  a most  practical  and  comprehensive 
treatment  of  the  subjects  here  listed. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5)— Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

FOUNDRY  PRACTICE  (ME-13)— Methods  of 


molding.  Working  with  green  sand,  dry  sand, 
and  loam.  Methods  of  molding  as  applied  to 
steel,  brass,  bronze,  malleable  and  chilled 
iron.  Stresses  due  to  contracting  in  molding. 
Molding  machines.  Die  casting.  Special  prob- 
lems in  founding. 


Leant  More  T oday  and — 
You’ll  Earn  More  Tomorrow 


THE- UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


109 


Plumbing 

(ME-lOx) 

Master  plumbers  are  much  in  demand.  There  are  few  trades  that  offer  as 
good  an  opportunity  for  a man  to  get  into  business  for  himself.  The  earnings 
are  above  the  average,  and  the  man  who  has  a thorough  knowledge  of  the 
trade  is  sure  to  be  well  paid.  This  is  a practical  course  for  plumbers,  appren- 
tices, or  any  one  desiring  to  qualify  as  a ’journeyman,  or  master  plumber.  It 
includes  detailed  instructions  in  making  joints,  installing  plumbing  fixtures, 
determining  sizes  of  pipe  and  fixtures,  preparing  plumbing  plans  and  specifi- 
cations, installing  house  • heating  systems. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-44)— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  means  of  views,  with  or  without  sections. 
Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light  full  lines, 
dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines.  Correct 
methods  of  dimensioning.  Conventional  me- 
thods of  representing  standard  parts.  Notes 
and  specifications.  Bills  of  materials. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

PLUMBING  (ME-8) — Plumbing  tools.  Plumb- 
ing materials.  Joints  and  connections.  Use 


of  soldering  iron,  gas  furnace,  and  gasoline 
torch.  Wiped  joints.  Work  with  tile  pipes. 
Work  with  cast  iron  pipes.  Work  with  screwed 
pipes.  Design  of  house  drainage  systems. 
Sewer  systems.  Sewerage  disposal.  Hydro- 
mechanics. Direct  and  Indirect  water  supply 
systems.  Hot  water  supply.  House  heating 
by  warm  air,  steam  and  hot  water. 

READING  OF  HEATING  AND  PLUMBING 
PLANS  (ME-28) — Lessons  and  blueprints. 
Heating  and  plumbing  symbols.  Heating  and 
plumbing  plans  for  small  houses,  large 
houses,  apartment  houses  and  office  build- 
ings. Student  is  required  to  make  complete 
heating  and  plumbing  layouts  for  an  entire 
building  from  plans. 


Refrigeration 

(ME-llx) 


Mechanical  refrigeration  plays  an  important  part  in  the  life  of  a commu- 
nity to-day.  It  is  upon  mechanical  refrigeration  that  we  depend  largely  to 
keep  fresh  the  eggs,  butter,  meat  and  vegetables  that  come  to  our  table.  Vari- 
ous types  of  refrigeration  plants  have  been  developed  to  deal  best  with  the 
various  food  stuffs,  taking  into  account  such  considerations  as  the  most  advan- 
tageous temperature,  the  amount  of  humidity  required,  and  the  absorption  of 
odors  from  other  articles.  The  artificial  ice  plant  represents  still  another  type 
of  installation.  The  modern  office  building  requires  the  attention  of  the  refrig- 
eration engineer. 

This  course  is  suitable  for  all  Who  are  engaged  in  refrigeration  or  ice- 
making. It  is  well  adapted  for  others  who  wish  to  familiarize  themselves  with 
the  broad  field  of  refrigeration.  Particularly  advantageous  for  the  mechanical 
engineer  desiring  to  specialize  in  refrigeration. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OP  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictor- 
ial representation.  Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6)  — 
Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to  use 
tables  and  charts.  Geometric  constructions 
for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonometry  as 
used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 


mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  Detail- 
ing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly  draw- 
ings from  details. 

REFRIGERATION  (ME-7)— The  extraction  of 
heat.  Heat  liberated  or  absorbed  when  matter 
changes  its  state.  Refrigeration  by  evapora- 
tion of  liquids.  Thorough  consideration  of 
such  systems  as  compression,  absorption, 
brine  circulating,  and  congealing  tank.  Com- 
pressors and  generators,  absorbers,  exchang- 
ers, analyzers,  condensers,  piping,  tanks.  Ice- 
making systems — can  system,  plate  system, 
center-freeze  system.  Distilling  apparatus. 
Miscellaneous  auxiliaries.  Design  and  con- 
struction of  cold  storage  plants. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  (Dr-48)— Training  in 
the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches  of 
machine  details,  sections  and  assemblies.  As- 
sembly sketches  from  machine  details. 


Severe  O’clock  is  Your  Hour  of  Fate.  On  what  you  do  from 
seven  to  ten,  in  the  evening,  depends  Your  Success  or  Failure 


IN  the  engine  room,  the  boiler  room,  or  the  busi- 
ness office,  the  man  with  the  technically  trained 
mind  is  in  constant  demand.  Business  concerns 
everywhere  are  searching  for  men  who  can  develop 
the  greatest  amount  of  energy  from  a dollar’s 
worth  of  fuel.  Even  though  the  salaries  of  power 
plant  operatives  and  steam  engineers  are  large, 
the  demand  for  well-trained,  educated  men  keeps 
well  ahead  of  the  supply. 

The  responsibilities  of  the  steam  engineer  and 
power  expert  are  seen  by  their  importance  in  the 
economic  life  of  the  world.  The  light  we  burn,  our 
transportation  facilities,  the  wheels  of  the  factory, 
the  prepaiation  of  our  food,  all  require  the  use  of 
power.  Probably  eighty  per  cent,  of  our  power  is 
produced  by  fuel.  It  is  the  motive  power  of  prog- 
ress in  all  parts  of  the  world. 

Keeping  step  with  the  growing  demand  for 
fuels,  the  pi’ice  of  power  has  become  a vital  factor  in  production  costs.  Thus 
the  steam  engineer  or  power  expert  holds  an  important  position.  His  opportuni- 
ties for  rising  to  a bigger  job  are  made  more  certain  by  technical  training.  Few 
power  men  or  steam  engineers  receive  less  than  $3,000  a year;  many  have  in- 
comes of  $5,000  and  more. 

Look  around  you;  note  the  men  working  on  the  same  job  with  you.  They 
are  all  just  as  anxious  as  you  to  get  ahead.  There  is  only  one  way  to  rise  above 
your  competitors — get  more  knowledge,  then  apply  it. 

Instruction  Staff 

The  head  of  the  Power  Department  is  George  B.  Preston,  M.M.E.,  a grad- 
uate of  Cornell  University  with  the  degree  of  Mechanical  Engineer.  He  was 
called  to  the  teaching  staff  of  his  alma  mater  shortly  after  graduation,  and 
was  given  the  degree  of  Master  of  Mechanical  Engineering.  Mr.  Preston  had 
fifteen  years  of  engineering  practice  and  was  for  four  years  a member  of  the 
Mechanical  Engineering  faculty  of  Columbia  University.  He  is  well  qualified 
in  practical  and  teaching  experience  to  conduct  the  work  of  this  department. 

Mr.  S.  J.  Thackaberry,  instructor  in  Stationary 
Engineering,  Jias  had  many  years’  expei’ience  in 
power  plants.  He  is  expert  as  a teacher  of  this 
subject  and  knows  how  to  make  clear  solutions  to 
problems  of  the  Engine  and  Boiler  Room.  Mr. 

Thackaberry  served  two  years  as  Chairman  of  the 
Educational  Committee  of  the  New  York  State 
Association  of  the  National  Association  of  Station- 
ary Engineers,  and  was  recently  elected  president 
of  this  organization. 

Lieut.  Arthur  M.  Tode,  U.S.N.R.F.,  is  the  in- 
structor in  Marine  Engineering.  Mr.  Tode  has 
served  in  both  the  Merchant  Marine  and  the  U.  S. 

Navy,  in  every  position  on  the  engine-room  staff 
from  oiler  to  Chief  Engineer.  His  technical  educa- 
tion was  obtained  in  the  New  York  State  Nautical 
School,  in  the  U.  S.  Navy  Turbine  Engineering 
Academy,  and  in  marine  machinery  factories. 

The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


G.  B.  PRESTON 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


111 


Steam  Engineering 

(ME-2x) 

One  of  the  biggest,  best  paying  professions  in  the  industrial  fields  is 
Steam  Engineering.  The  huge  responsibility  of  keeping  the  operating  wheels 
of  the  business  world  in  motion  rests  on  the  ability  and  experience  of  the 
engineer.  The  importance  of  his  work  insures  a good  and  steadily  increasing 
income. 

This  course  goes  thoroughly  into  the  engineering  problems  connected  with 
the  generation  of  steam  and  its  application  to  the  production  of  power  and  to 
manufacturing  processes.  To  every  man  desiring  to  prepare  himself  for  power 
plant  superintendent,  this  course  is  of  special  value. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consid- 
erations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
graphical  problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform  motion.  Acceler- 
ated motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal 
force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential 
and  kinetic  energy. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elastic 
change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials 
of  engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of  beams. 
Reactions.  Vertical  shear.  Bending  moment. 
Internal  and  external  forces.  Safe  loads. 
Column  formulas.  Combined  stresses.  Axial 
shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience  and 
work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials.  Tor- 
sion of  shafts. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr- 
47) — Working  drawings  of  objects.'  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawing  from  details. 

STEAM  BOILERS,  SUPERHEATERS  AND 
ECONOMIZERS  (ME-4)— General  Principles 
— Heat.  Energy.  Work.  Power.  Mechanical 
equivalent  of  heat.  Temperature.  Absolute 
zero.  Conduction.  Convection.  Radiation. 
Insulation.  Thermometer.  Pyrometers.  Ex- 


pansion due  to  heat.  Specific  heat  of  solids 
and  gases.  Laws  of  gases. 

Fuels — Principles  of  combustion.  Flue  gas 
analysis.  Solid,  liquid,  and  gaseous  fuels. 
Anthracite  and  bituminous  “coal.  Powdered 
coal.  Fuel  oil.  Gas  as  a fuel. 

Steam  Boilers — Types  of  boilers.  Heating  sur- 
faces. Steam  space.  Circulation.  Baffling. 
Grates.  Water  regulators.  Water  gauges. 
Fusible  plugs.  Furnaces.  Stokers.  Super- 
heaters. Economy  due  to  superheated  steam. 

Feed  Water  Heating — Open  heaters.  Closed 
heaters.  Live  steam  purifiers  and  heaters. 
Economizers.  Limitations  of  economizers. 
Economizer  heating  surface. 

Boiler  Room  Operation — Coal  storage.  Appa- 
ratus for  boiler  control.  Economic  operation 
of  boilers.  Selection  of  number,  size  and 
type  of  boilers.  Number  of  boilers  on  line 
for  maximum  efficiency. 

STEAM,  Miscellaneous  Applications  (ME-18), 
— Heat  losses  from  buildings.  Location  and 
proportioning  of  radiators.  Single-pipe  and 
two-pipe  direct  heating  systems.  Indirect 
heating  systems.  Exhaust  system  heating. 
Vapor  systems.  Vacuum  return.  Central 
station  heating.  Meters.  Traps.  Steam  dis- 
tribution. Design  of  central  heating  plants. 
Heating  contracts.  Evaporating.  Distilling. 
Digesting. 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  TURBINES  (ME-3) 
— Fundamental  principles.  Work  and  power. 
Steam  engines.  Indicator  diagrams.  Mean 
effective  pressure.  Indicated  horse  power. 
Brake  horse  power. 

Energy — Heat.  Unit  of  heat.  Mechanical 
equivalent  of  heat.  Calorimeters.  Genera- 
tion of  heat.  Effect  of  heat  on  gases.  Laws 
of  gases.  Properties  of  steam.  Condensa- 
tion and  evaporation. 

Heat,  Work  and  Pressure — Properties  of  steam. 
Use  of  the  steam  tables.  Indicator  diagrams. 
The  planimeter.  The  entropy  diagram.  Ther- 
mal efficiency. 

The  Steam  Engine — Elementary  principles. 
Classifications  of  engines.  Detailed  consid- 
eration of  the  various  parts  of  steam  engine 
— slide  valve,  valve  setting,  eccentric,  revers- 
ing mechanisms,  valve  gears,  governors, 
compound  engines,  condensing  apparatus. 
Cooling  ponds  and  towers. 

Turbines — Temperature  entropy  diagrams  as 
applied  to  superheated  steam.  Flow  of 
steam.  Characteristic  types  of  turbines.  De- 
tails of  turbine  construction.  Nozzles  and 
blades  and  the  action  of  steam  in  them. 
Graphical  solutions  of  problems  in  turbine 
design.  Mechanical  losses  in  turbines.  Ther- 
mal losses  in  turbines.  Commercial  types 
of  turbines.  Problems  in  governing  steam 
turbines.  Various  commercial  types  of  gov- 
ernors. Transmission.  Testing,  Design.  Prob- 
lems involving  strength  of  materials. 


Think  What  Yoti  Might  Be  If  Yon  Knew  More 


112 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Stationary  Engineering 

(ME-5x) 

Among  the  thousands  of  firemen,  and  assistant  and  watch  engineers,  only 
comparatively  few  are  taking  advantage  of  the  present  by  studying  the  job 
of  the  man  higher  up.  If  you  are  one  of  these  workers  and  you  desire  to  train 
yourself  for  promotion,  or  to  obtain  a chief  engineer’s  license,  you  will  be 
prepared  for  the  opportunity  by  studying  this  course. 

Every  detail  of  stationary  engineering  is  taught,  affording  a complete 
knowledge  of  fuels,  steam  generation,  and  the  use  of  steam  for  power  pro- 
duction. The  subject  is  presented  in  that  clear  way  so  easy  to  understand,  which 
makes  “Y”  courses  so  desirable  for  home  study. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consid- 
erations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical 
methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-8) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
important  graphical  problems. 

FUELS  AND  FUEL  ECONOMY  (ME-1)— 
Heat  energy — How  it  is  expressed.  Heat 
transfer.  Radiation.  Conduction.  Convection. 
Boiler  circulation.  Steam  formation.  Char- 
acteristics of  steam. 

Fuels — Wood.  Peat.  Lignite.  Anthracite  coal. 
Bituminous  coal.  Pulverized  coal.  Fuel  oil. 
Gas.  Heat  values.  Proximate  analysis.  Ul- 
timate analysis.  Purchase  of  fuels. 

Drafts — Draft  loss.  Value  of  chimneys.  Forced 
draft.  Use  of  fan.  Induced  draft. 

Firing  Methods  Burning  hard  coal.  Burning 
soft  coal.  Pampers.  Firing  efficiency.  Over- 
feed stokers.  Underfeed  stokers.  Chain- 
grate  stokers.  Hand  stokers. 

Furnaces — Furnace  for  metallurgical  and  other 
manufacturing  purposes.  Furnace  efficiency. 
Control  apparatus  for  furnace  operation. 

BOILER  ROOM  METHODS  (ME-17)— Con- 
struction. Strength  of  boilers.  Boiler  set- 
tings and  connections.  Steam,  water,  and 


blow-off  piping.  Safety  valves.  Gauges. 
Water  columns.  Safety  plugs.  Superheaters. 
Pumps  and  injectors.  Economizers  and  feed 
water  heaters. 

Feed  Water — Scale.  Corrosion.  Foaming. 
Priming.  Treatment  of  feed  water. 

Operation — Inspection  and  care  of  boilers,  at- 
tachments, and  auxiliaries.  Boiler  testing. 
Instruments.  Regulators  for  economical 
operation.  Number  of  boilers  steaming  from 
standpoint  of  economy. 

ENGINE  ROOM  METHODS  (ME-2)— Heat, 
work  and  pressure.  Properties  of  steam. 
Formation  of  steam.  Superheated  steam. 
The  indicator.  Ratio  of  e.xpansion.  Mean 
effective  pressure.  Principles  of  the  steam 
engine.  Automatic  high-speed  engines.  Cor- 
liss, cross-compound,  tandem-compound,  lo- 
comobile, and  uniflow  engines.  Action  of 
steam  in  cylinder.  Steam  engine  testing. 
Slide  valves.  Poppet  valves.  Valve  setting. 
Operation  and  maintenance.  Condensers. 
Cooling  ponds  and  towers. 

Gears — Meyer  valve  gear.  Stephenson  link  mo- 
tion. Walschaert  valve  gear.  Corliss  valve 
gear. 

Governors — Pendulum  governors.  Shaft  gov- 
ernors. Inertia  governors.  Centrifugal  gov- 
ernors. 

Lubrication — Friction.  Characteristics  of  oil. 
Testing  oils.  Lubricating  systems. 

Turbines — General  principles.  Types  of  tur- 
bines. Operation  and  maintenance. 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTICAL 
MEN  (EE-7) — Fundamental  principles.  Cur- 
rent. Resistance.  Electro-motive  force.  Mag- 
netism. Direct  current  generators,  parts  and 
windings.  Heating  and  power.  D.  C.  motors 
and  controllers.  Alternating  current.  Trans- 
formers. Polyphase  principles.  Alternators. 
A.  C.  motors.  Controllers.  Synchronous  con- 
verter. A.  C.  and  D.  C.  motor  troubles.  Stor- 
age batteries.  Illumination  principles.  Wire 
and  wiring. 


Marine  Engineering 

(ME-13.X) 

OveT  ten  million  tons  of  shipping  keep  the  American  flag  on  the  seas. 
Men  with  the  knowledge  of  marine  engineering  are  in  demand.  The  marine 
fireman,  or  assistant  engineer,  will  find  his  opportunity  to  gain  advancement 
through  the  study  of  this  course.  It  covers  every  point  of  marine  engineei’ing. 
Also  it  fills  the  needs  of  the  man  who  wishes  to  pass  the  examination  for 
Marine  Engineer’s  license  of  the  highest  grade. 


“The  zi'orld  is  demanding  as  never  before,  men  of  good  character  zidth 
zvell-dcvelopcd  winds.  Train  your  mind  and  get  into  the  executive 
class  zx'here  ability,  energy  and  initiative  are  justly  compensated.” 


TH-E  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


113 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consid- 
erations emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical 
methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  graphi- 
cal problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform’  motion.  Acceler- 
ated motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal 
force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential  and 
kinetic  energy. 

MARINE  ENGINEERING  (ME-5)— Fuels— 
Composition  of  fuels.  Coal.  Briquettes.  Oil. 


Boilers — Types.  Materials  and  construction. 
Boiler  mountings  and  fire-room  fittings. 
Draft.  Boiler  design.  Boiler  furnaces  for 
coal  and  oil  burning.  Mechanical  burners. 

Marine  Engines — Types  of  engines.  Recipro- 
cating engines.  Principal  parts  of  recipro- 
cating engines.  The  turbine  for  ship  pro- 
pulsion. Internal  combustion  engines.  Diesel 
oil  engine.  Auxiliaries.  Valves  and  valve 
gears.  Propulsion  and  powering. 

Operation,  Management  and  Repair — Boiler 
room  routine.  Routine  for  turbine  propelled 
vessels.  Boiler  overhauling  and  repairs.  En- 
gine overhauling,  adjustment,  and  repairs. 
Spare  parts.  Laying  up  marine  machinery. 

Miscellaneous  Machinery — Torsion  meters. 
Steam  steering  engine.  Electric  steering 
gear.  Transmission.  Windlasses.  Towing  en- 
gines. Deck  winches.  Fire  extinguishing  ap- 
paratus. Air  compressors.  Refrigerating  ma- 
chinery. Evaporators. 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTIC.\L 
MEN  (EE-7) — Fundamental  principles.  Cur- 
rent. Resistance.  Electro-motive  force.  Mag- 
netism. Direct  current  generators,  parts 
and  windings.  Heating  and  power.  D.  C. 
motors  and  controllers.  Alternating  cur- 
rents. Transformers.  Polyphase  principles. 
Alternators.  A.  C.  motors.  Controllers.  Syn- 
chronous converter.  A.  C.  and  D.  C.  mo- 
tor troubles.  Storage  batteries.  Illumination 
principles.  Wire  and  wiring. 


Steam  Engines  and  Turbines 

(ME-4x) 

This  course  is  similar  to  the  course  in  Engine  Room  Methods  except  that 
it  goes  more  thoroughly  into  the  technical  features  connected  with  the  desigm, 
installation  and  operation  of  engines,  turbines,  generators,  condensers  and 
condenser  auxiliaries. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  dratving  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consid- 
erations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical 
methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 


them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
important  graphical  problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform  motion.  Acceler- 
ated motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal 
force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential 
and  kinetic  energy. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)  — 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elastic 
change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials  of 
engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of  beams.  Re- 
actions. Vertical  shear.  Bending  moment. 
Internal  and  external  forces.  Safe  loads. 
Column  formula.  Combined  stresses.  Axial 
shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience  and 
work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials.  Tor- 
sion of  shafts. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr- 
47) — Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 


“J  Will  Study  and  Get  Ready  and  Maybe 
My  Chance  Will  C ome.’’-^Linqohi. 


114 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  TURBINES  (ME-3) 
— Fundamental  jjrinciples.  Work  and  power. 
Steam  engines.  Indicator  diagrams.  Mean 
effective  pressure.  Indicated  horse  power. 
Brake  horse  power. 

Energy — Heat.  Unit  of  heat.  Mechanical 
equivalent  of  heat.  Calorimeters.  Genera- 
tion of  heat.  Effect  of  heat  on  gases.  Laws 
of  gases.  Properties  of  steam.  Condensa- 
tion and  evaporation. 

Heat,  Work  and  Pressure — Properties  of 
steam.  Use  of  the  steam  tables.  Indicator 
diagrams.  The  planimeter.  The  entropy  dia- 
gram. Thermal  efficiency. 

The  Steam  Engine — Elementary  principles. 
Classification  of  engines.  Detailed  consid- 


eration of  the  various  parts  of  steam  en- 
gine— slide  valve,  valve  setting,  eccentrics, 
reversing  mechanisms,  valve  gears,  gover- 
nors, compound  engines,  condensing  appa- 
ratus. Cooling  ponds  and  towers. 

Turbines — Temperature  entropy  diagrams  as 
applied  to  superheated  steam.  Flow  of 
steam.  Characteristic  types  of  turbines.  De- 
tails of  turbine  construction.  Nozzles  and 
blades  and  the  action  of  steam  in  them. 
Graphical  solutions  of  problems  in  turbine 
design.  Mechanical  losses  in  turbines.  Ther- 
mal losses  in  turbines.  Commercial  types  of 
turbines.  Problems  in  governing  steam  tur- 
bines. Various  commercial  types  of  gov- 
ernors. Transmission.  Testing.  Design.  Prob- 
lems involving  strength  of  materials. 


Steam  Boilers,  Superheaters 
and  Economizers 

(ME-3.X) 

This  course  covers  the  same  work  as  the  course  in  Boiler  Room  Methods 
with  the  exception  that  greater  emphasis  is  given  to  the  technical  features 
connected  with  the  design,  installation  and  operation  of  boilers,  superheaters, 
economizers,  and  boiler  room  auxiliaries.  It  is  especially  valuable  to  the  man 
who  desires  a technical  knowledge  of  the  production  of  steam. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develoi> 
ments  and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)— Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consid- 
erations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical 
methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
important  graphical  problems. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform  motion.  Acceler- 
ated motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal 
force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential 
and  kinetic  energy. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elastic 


change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials  of 
engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of  beams.  Re- 
actions. Vertical  shear.  Bending  moment. 
Internal  and  external  forces.  Safe  loads. 
Column  formula.  Combined  stresses.  Axial 
shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience  and 
work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials.  Tor- 
sion of  shafts. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr- 
47) — Working  drawings  of  objects.  Conect 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

STEAM  BOILERS,  SUPERHEATERS  AND 
ECONOMIZERS  (ME-4) — General  Principles 
— Heat.  Energy.  Work.  Power.  Mechanical 
equivalent  of  heat.  Temperature.  Absolute 
zero.  Conduction.  Convection.  Radiation. 
Insulation.  Thermometer.  Pyrometers.  E.x- 
pansion  due  to  heai.  Specific  heat  of  solids 
and  gases.  Laws  of  gases. 

Fuel — Principles  of  combustion.  Flue  gas  anal- 
ysis. Solid,  liquid,  and  gaseous  fuels.  An- 
thi-acite  and  bituminous  coal.  Powdered  coal. 
Fuel  oil.  Gas  as  a fuel. 

Steam  Boilers — Types  of  boilers.  Heating  sur- 
face. Steam  space.  Circulation.  Baffling. 
Grates.  Water  regulators.  Water  gauges. 
Fusible  plugs.  Furnaces.  Stokers.  Super- 
heaters. Economy  due  to  superheated  steam. 

Feed  Water  Heating — Open  heaters.  Closed 
heaters.  Live  steam  purifiers  and  heaters. 
Economizers.  Limitations  of  economizers. 
Economizer  heating  surface. 

Boiler  Room  Operation — Coal  storage.  Appa- 
ratus for  boiler  control.  Economic  operation 
of  boilers.  Selection  of  number,  size  and 
type  of  boilers.  Number  of  boilers  on  line 
for  maximum  efficiency. 


Your  Ship  Will  Not  Come  In— 
Unless  You  Have  Sent  One  Out 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


115 


Engine  Room  Methods 

(ME-7x) 

There  is  at  all  times  need  of  men  thoroughly  trained  for  the  efficient  oper- 
ation of  engines  and  electrical  generators.  This  course  will  teach  the  fireman, 
oiler,  or  assistant  engineer  how  to  handle  the  problems  of  an  engine  room 
with  maximum  efficiency. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consid- 
erations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical 
methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instniction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
imiiortant  graphical  problems. 

ENGINE  ROOM  METHODS  (ME-2)— Heat, 
work  and  pressure.  Properties  of  steam. 
Formation  of  steam.  Superheated  steam. 
The  indicator.  Ratio  of  expansion.  Mean 
effective  pressure.  Principles  of  the  steam 


engine.  Automatic  high-speed  engines.  Cor- 
liss, cross-compound,  tandem-compound,  lo- 
comobile. and  uniflow  engines.  Action  of 
steam  in  cylinder.  Steam  engine  testing. 
Slide  valves.  Poppet  valves.  Valve  setting. 
Operation  and  maintenance.  Condensers. 
Cooling  ponds  and  towers. 

Gears— Meyer  valve  gear.  Stephenson  link 
motion.  Walschaert  valve  gear.  Corliss  valve 
gear. 

Governors — Pendulum  governors.  Shaft  gov- 
ernors. Inertia  governors.  Centrifugal  gov- 
ernors. 

Lubrication— Friction.  Characteristics  of  oil. 
Testing  oils.  Lubricating  systems. 

Turbines — General  principles.  Types  of  tur- 
bines. Operation  and  maintenance. 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTICAL 
MEN  (EE-7) — Fundamental  principles.  Cur- 
rent. Resistance.  Electro-motive  force.  Mag- 
netism. Direct  current  generators,  ijarts  and 
windings.  Heating  and  power.  D.  C.  mo- 
tors and  controllers.  Alternating  currents. 
Transformers.  Polyi^hase  principles.  Alter- 
nators. A.  C.  motors.  Controllers.  Syn- 
chronous converter.  A.  C.  and  D.  C.  motor 
troubles.  Storage  batteries.  Illumination 
principles.  Wire  and  wiring. 


Boiler  Room  Methods 

(ME-lx) 

The  fireman  or  the  engineer,  who  by  the  use  of  his  knowledge  of  modern 
boiler  room  methods  saves  his  firm  money  and  trouble,  is  sure  to  be  well  paid. 

This  course  will  be  of  great  help  to  you  if  it  is  your  ambition  to  take  entire 
charge  of  a boiler  room  and  operate  it  economically.  The  principles  governing 
the  generation  of  steam  and  their  application  to  economical  operation  of  boiler 
plants  are  presented  in  a way  that  makes  them  easy  to  understand. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consid- 
erations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
wuth  tbe  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

FUELS  AND  FUEL  ECONOMY  (ME-1)— 
Heat  energy — How  it  is  expressed.  Heat 
transfer  in  boilers.  Radiation.  Conduction. 
Convection.  Boiler  circulation.  Steam  for- 
mation. Characteristics  of  steam. 

Fuels — Wood.  Peat.  Lignite.  Anthracite  coal. 
Bituminous  coal.  Pulverized  coal.  Fuel  oil. 
Gas.  Heat  values.  Proximate  analysis.  Ul- 
timate analysis.  Purchase  of  fuels. 


Drafts — Draft  losses.  Value  of  chimneys.  Forced 
draft.  Use  of  fan.  Induced  draft. 

Firing  Methods — Burning  hard  coal.  Burning 
soft  coal.  Dampers.  Firing  efficiency.  Over- 
feed stokers.  Underfeed  stokers.  Chain- 

grate  stokers.  Hand  stokers. 

Furnaces — Furnace  for  metallurgical  and  other 
manufacturing  purposes.  Furnace  efficiency. 
Control  airparatus  for  furnace  operation. 

BOILER  ROOM  METHODS  (ME-17)— Con- 
struction— Strength  of  boilers.  Boiler  set- 
tings and  connections.  Steam,  water,  and 
blow-off  piping.  Safety  valves.  Gauges. 
Water  columns.  Safety  plugs.  Superheaters. 
Pumps  and  injectors.  Economizers  and  feed 
water  heaters. 

Feed  Watef — Scale.  Corrosion.  Foaming.  Prim- 
ing. Treatment  of  feed  water; 

Operation — Inspection  and  care  of  boilers,  at- 
tachments and  auxiliaries.  Boiler  testing. 
Instruments.  Regulators  for  economical  op- 
eration. Number  of  boilers  steaming  from 
standpoint  of  economy. 


That  Job  Ahead — Can  You  Fill  It? 


116 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Fuels  and  Fuel  Economy 

(ME^Gx) 

Fuel  costs  are  high.  Every  pile  of  ash  represents  a small  fortune  gone  up 
in  smoke.  Factory  owners  are  searching  for  men  scientifically  trained  in  the 
modern  methods  that  make  for  most  efficient  and  economical  operation  of  their 
power  plants.  The  fireman  and  engineer,  and  the  executive  who  buys  the  fuel, 
will  learn  from  this  course  the  modern  theory  and  practice  governing  all  kinds 
of  fuels  and  their  efficient  use  under  varying  conditions. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

FUELS  AND  FUEL  ECONOMY  (ME-1)— 
Heat  energy — How  it  is  expressed.  Heat 
transfer  in  boilers.  Radiation.  Conduction. 
Convection.  Boiler  circulation.  Steam  for- 
mation. Characteristics  of  steam. 

Fuels — Wood.  Peat.  Lignite.  Anthracite  coal. 
Bituminous  coal.  Pulverized  coal.  Fuel  oil. 


Gas.  Heat  values.  Proximate  analysis.  Ulti- 
mate analysis.  Purchase  of  fuels. 

Drafts — Draft  loss.  Value  of  chimneys.  Forced 
draft.  Use  of  fan.  Induced  draft. 

Firing  Methods — Burning  hard  coal.  Burning 
soft  coal.  Firing  efficiency.  Overfeed  stok- 
ers. Underfeed  stokers.  Chain-grate  stokers. 
Hand  stokers. 

Furnaces — Furnaces  for  metallurgical  and 
other  manufacturing  purposes.  Furnace 
efficiency.  Control  apparatus  for  furnace 
operation. 


Gas  and  Oil  Engine  Operation 

(ME-12X) 

This  course  meets  the  needs  of  operating  enginers  who  wish  to  increase 
their  knowledge  of  the  principles  and  methods  involved  in  the  operation  of 
stationary  gas  and  oil  engines.  It  will  enable  them  to  qualify  as  chief  engi- 
neers of  power  plants  equipped  with  these  engines. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 
volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consider- 
ations emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  fMa-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  the  formulas  and  equations  that  occur 
later  in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to 
make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 

how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

GAS  AND  OIL  ENGINE  OPERATION  (ME-6) 
— Fuels — Solid,  liquid  and  gaseous  fuels.  Pe- 
troleum refining.  Kerosene.  Gasoline.  Alco- 
hol. Natural  gas.  Illuminating  gas.  Coke- 
oven  gas.  Blast-furnace  gas. 


Principles — Indicated  horse  power.  Progressive 
combustion.  Brake  horse  power.  Explosion. 
Compression.  Cooling.  Heat  balance. 

Internal  Combustion  Engines — Four-stroke  cy- 
cle. Two-stroke  cycle.  Heavy  oil  engines. 
Gasoline  engines.  Gas  engines.  Diesel  en- 
gines. 

Engine  Details — Frames.  Cylinders.  Water  jack- 
ets. Pistons.  Packing  rings.  Valves.  Cranks. 
Crank-shafts.  Cam  shafts.  Bearings.  Ignition 
systems.  Mufflers.  Lubricating  systems. 

Operation,  Maintenance  and  Repair — Valve 
setting.  Timing.  Taking  indicator  cards.  Ad- 
justing bearings.  Renewing  packing.  Start- 
ing and  stopping.  Taking  down,  repairing, 
and  erecting  engines, 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTICAL 
MEN  (EE-7) — Fundamental  principles.  Cur- 
rent. Resistance.  Electro-motive  force.  Mag- 
netism. Direct  current  generators,  parts  and 
windings.  Heating  and  power.  D.  C.  motors 
and  controllers.  Alternators.  A.  C.  motors. 
(Controllers.  Synchronous  converter.  A.  C, 
and  D.  C.  motor  troubles.  Storage  batteries. 
Illumination  principles.  Wire  and  wiring. 


Says  He  is  Getting  Full  Value  for  His  Money 

I am  well  satisfied  with  my  course  and  feel  that  I am  getting  full  value  for  my  money.  I have 
had  experience  with  other  schools,  so  think  I am  able  to  judge. 

—HOWARD  L.  SCARRETT,  Skaneateles,  N.  Y. 

Appreciates  Instruction  in  Use  of  Slide  Rule 

I am  very  glad  the  use  of  the  slide  rule  was  included  in  this  course  of  instruction.  The  ex- 
planations and  sample  problems  were  very  rapidly  understood.  I can  willingly  recommend 
that  part  or  any  part  of  the  course  as  far  as  I have  gone,  for  the  knowledge  that  I have  gath- 
ered from  it  cannot  be  counted  in  dollars  and  cents. — GEORGE  T.  FOWLER,  Scottdale,  Pa. 


In  the  Long  Run  Trained  Heads  Win 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


117 


Power  Stations 

(EE-14.X) 

This  course  covers  the  generation  of  electric  power  and  its  delivery  to  the 
consumer.  It  includes  steam-electric  power  stations,  substations,  switchboards 
and  switching  apparatus,  transmission,  and  distribution.  Offering  a broad  and 
thorough  knowledge  of  this  branch  of  engineering,  it  meets  the  needs  of  the 
operator,  lineman,  or  other  electrical  worker  who  wishes  to  become  the  electri- 
cal engineer  of  a steam-electric  power  system. 

The  first  work  in  the  course.  Power  Stations,  is  the  same  as  the  first  work 
in  the  course.  Electrical  Engineering.  After  taking  up  the  fundamentals  of 
electricity  and  the  fundamentals  of  electrical  engineering  work  in  general  the 
course.  Power  Stations,  specializes  in  the  many  subjects  necessary  for  a full 
understanding  of  electric  power  work. 

Such  projects  as  the  building  of  new  power  stations  to  meet  the  increasing 
demands  of  our  industries,  and  the  electrification  of  our  railroads,  have  grown 
so  important  as  to  become  matters  of  national  concern.  Considerable  develop- 
ment in  this  branch  of  the  electrical  field  is  sure  to  come. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  letter- 
inpr.  Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing aiithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with 
formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later  in 
the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphical  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  (EE-5)— 
Electromotive  force,  current,  and  resistance. 
Electrical  circuits.  Nature  and  properties  of 
magnetism.  Magnetic  circuits.  Electro-mag- 
netic induction.  Principles  of  direct  cur- 
rents. First  studies  in  alternating  currents. 
Batteries,  electrolysis,  and  the  electrochemi- 
cal industries. 

ELECTRICAL  DRAWING  (EE- 18)— Lesson- 
notes  and  blueprints  supply  the  instruction 
and  data  needed  for  each  drawing. 

Motor  Drawings — Complete  assembly  and  de- 
tail drawings  of  a standard  electric  motor. 
Projections.  Dimensions.  Standard  conven- 
tions. 

Wiring  Plans  and  Diagrams — Conventional 
symbols.  Typical  diagrams  used  by  repre- 
sentative electrical  manufacturers,  both  di- 
rect current  starters  and  controllers  and  al- 
ternating current  starters  and  controllers. 


Automotive  diagrams.  Standard  symbols  for 
wiring  plans.  Typical  plans. 

MECHANICS  lCE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  fric- 
tion. Kinetics.  Uniform  motion.  Acceler- 
ated motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal 
force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential  and 
kinetic  energy. 

ALTERNATING  CURRENTS  AND  ALTER- 
NATING CURRENT  MACHINERY  (EE-6) 
Principles  of  alternating  currents ; fre- 
quency, cycle,  inductance,  capacitance,  react- 
ance and  impedance.  Current  and  voltage 
relations  in  series  and  in  parallel  circuits, 
power  factor.  Single  and  polyphase  circuits. 
Delta  and  Y-connected  circuits.  Power  meas- 
urement. Principles  and  parts  of  alterna- 
tors, synchronous  motors,  induction  motors, 
rectifiers,  transformers,  and  control  appara- 
tus. Installation,  care  and  operation  of  a-l- 
ternating  current  machinery. 

DIRECT  CURRENT  DYNAMO-ELECTRIC 
MACHINERY  (EE-2) — Parts  and  construc- 
tion of  the  direct  current  generator  and  mo- 
tor. Magnetic  circuits.  Field  excitation.  In- 
duced electromotive  force.  Characteristics  of 
shunt,  of  series,  and  of  compound  machines. 
Elements  of  commutation  and  factors  af- 
fecting it.  Various  means  for  securing 
proper  commutation.  Brushes  and  brush  rig- 
ging. Voltage  regulation  of  the  generator. 
Parallel  operation.  Starting  and  stopping. 
Care  of  the  generator.  Principles  of  motor 
operation.  Counter  electromotive  force.  Ser- 
vice requirements  and  motor  applications. 
Care.  Troubles  and  remedies.  Installation 
of  motors  and  generators. 

WIRING  PRACTICE  (EE-15)— Wire  and  wir- 
ing material.  Wiring  systems.  Selection  df 
the  wiring  system  for  a job.  Costs.  Meth- 
ods of  installing  each  system.  Alternating 
and  direct-current  circuits.  Code  require- 
ments regarding  the  loading  of  circuits. 
Contracts  and  specifications. 

LIGHTING  PRACTICE  (EE-19)— Fundamen- 
tal concepts  of  light.  Illumination  princi- 
ples. Lighting  units  and  lighting  systems. 
Practical  methods  of  laying  out  interior  il- 
lumination systems.  Depreciation  in  service 
of  lighting  units  and  reflecting  surfaces. 
Modern  maintenance  records. 


Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


118 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


STEAM  ENGINES,  TURBINES  AND  BOIL- 
ERS (ME-26)—  Fuels  and  Fuel  Economy — 
Fuels.  Air  required  for  combustion.  Flue 
gas  analysis.  Draft.  Firing  methods.  Stok- 
ers. Oil  as  fuel.  Pulverized  coal.  Purchase 
of  fuels. 

Boilers  and  Superheaters — Fire  tube  boilers. 
Water-tube  boilers.  Boiler  settings.  Boiler 
attachments.  Superheaters.  Economizers. 
Pumps.  Heaters.  Economies  of  boiler  room 
operation. 

Steam  Engines  and  Turbines — Principles  of 
the  steam  engine.  Automatic  engines.  Cor- 
liss engines.  Unifiow  engines.  Governors. 
Compound  engines.  Principles  of  the  steam 
turbine.  Impulse  turbines.  Reaction  tur- 
bines. Low  pressure  and  bleeder  turbines. 
Condensers.  Circulation  pumps.  Air  pumps. 
Tail  pumps.  Operation  and  maintenance  of 
engine  room  machinery. 

GENERATING  STATIONS  AND  SUBSTA- 
TIONS (EE-23) — Layout  of  generating  sta- 
tions ; the  boiler  room,  generator  room,  bat- 
tery loom.  Necessary  equipment.  Functions 
of  the  apparatus.  Fuel  storage  and  fuel 
handling.  Ash  disposal.  Cranes  and  con- 
veyors. Prime  movers  and  their  location. 
Generators  and  their  location.  Exciter  equip- 
ment. Transformer  equipment.  Control  and 
protective  equipment.  Substation  layout. 
Automatic  substations.  Necessary  equipment. 
Location  of  stations  and  substations.  Duties 
of  operators. 

ELECTRICAL  METERS  (EE-11)— Construc- 
tion and  principles  of  operation  of  indicat- 
ing. integrating,  and  recording  meters.  Cur- 
rent, pressure,  power,  power-factor  and  fre- 
quency meters.  Synchroscope.  Watt-hour 
meters.  Ranges  of  meters.  Shunts  and  mul- 
tipliers. Instrument  transformers.  Installa- 
tion and  maintenance.  Tests  and  testing 
equipment.  Typical  installations. 
SWITCHBOARDS  AND  SWITCHING  APPA- 
RATUS (EE-20) — General  layout  of  switch- 
boards. Necessary  parts.  Construction.  Main 
and  control  circuit  wiring.  Voltages.  Vari- 
ous types  of  switching  apparatus  and  the 
location  of  each.  The  functions  of  switch- 
ing apparatus.  Importance  of  various  switch- 
boards. Safety  precautions. 

STORAGE  BATTERIES  (EE-8)— Construction 
of  batteries.  Electro-chemical  principles  of 
the  lead-acid  battery  and  of  the  alkaline 
battery.  Uses  of  the  battery.  Operation  and 


* Optional.  (Sec  Page  12.) 


maintenance,  care,  inspection,  and  simple 
tests.  Troubles  and  repair.  Battery  rooms. 

POWER  TRANSMISSION  (EE-21)— Determi- 
nation of  the  transmission  voltage.  Selec- 
tion of  the  conducting  material.  Size  and 
spacing  of  conductors.  Voltage  regulation. 
Types  of  towers.  Poles.  Insulators  and  in- 
sulation problems.  Protective  devices!  Con- 
struction of  lines.  Operation  of  lines. 

POWER  DISTRIBUTION  (EE-22)— Distrib- 
uting power  for  industrial  purposes  and  for 
lighting.  Direct  and  alternating  current  sys- 
tems. Permissible  voltage  drops.  Under- 
writers’ requirements.  Overhead  distribution 
and  underground  distribution.  Service  en- 
trances. 

ECONOMICS  OF  PUBLIC  UTILITIES  (EE-24) 
— Organization  and  management.  Depart- 
mental relations.  Duties  of  the  staff.  The 
function  of  the  engineer.  Relations  of  the 
engineer  and  labor.  Financing.  Costs,  rates, 
efficiency,  and  earnings.  Public  service  com- 
missions. Relation  of  public  utilities  and  the 
public.  Service.  Troubles  and  complaints. 
Advertising  and  sales.  New  business. 

‘ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  (Ma-25)— A thor- 
ough study  of  the  algebraic  principles  most 
useful  and  helpful  to  the  practical  man. 

A knowledge  of  Advanced  Algebra  is  required, 
as  a preliminary  subject  to  Analytic  Geome- 
try. 

‘ANALYTIC  GEOMETRY  (Ma-24)— Selected 
lessons  treating  of  the  relation  between  the 
equation  and  the  graph.  This  subject  is  par- 
ticularly helpful  in  the  field  of  engineering. 

NOTE — The  student  may  choose  one  of  the 
following  optional  subjects.  Both  may  be  had 
at  slight  additional  cost.  Price  on  application. 

‘HYDRAULIC  PRIME  MOVERS  (CE-25)— 
Hydrostatics.  Hydraulics.  Flow  of  water 
through  orifices,  through  tubes,  pipes  and 
conduits.  Water  supply  and  water  power. 
Dynamic  pressure  of  water.  Impulse  water 
wheels.  Reaction  water  wheels  and  turbines. 
Selection  of  a water  wheel  or  turbine.  Speed 
regulation.  Governors.  Operation  points. 

‘INTERNAL  COMBUSTION  ENGINES 
(ME-27) — Principles  of  the  internal  combus- 
tion engine.  Gaseous  fuels.  Liquid  fuels. 
Four  stroke  cycle.  Two  stroke  cycle.  Gov- 
erning. Ignition.  Cylinder  cooling.  Oil  en- 
gines. Diesel  en.gines.  Operation  and  main- 
tenance of  gas  and  oil  engines. 


Appreciates  His  Instructors  Corrections  and  Careful  E.vphmations 

I am  sure  you  have  the  patience  of  Job  or  you  could  not  so  carefully  explain  each  detail 
of  my  lessons. — C.  E.  REDINGER,  325  West  Trail  St.,  Jackson,  Mich. 

Courses  Meet  Every  Expectation 

I wish  to  thank  you  and  the  members  of  your  staff  for  the  effort  and  interest  which  you  took 
in  explaining  the  work  so  that  it  became  more  easy  for  -me  to  understand  and  more  clearly 
fixed  in  my  mind.  I feel  sure  that  anyone  who  is  thinking  of  taking  a home  study  course  will 
find  that  a course  with  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  will  meet  their  every  expectation. 

— HENRY  V.  JONES,  79  Rosedale  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Finds  Course  Helpful  in  His  Daily  Work 

I find  my  course  in  Machine  Shop  Tools  and  Methods  useful  and  practical  in  my  daily 
work.  An  old  friend  of  mine,  who  has  been  a draughtsman  for  many  years,  looked  over  my 
textbooks  and  said:  “With  these  books,  and  following  the  lessons  as  instructed,  a man  can 

become  an  expert  draughtsman.”  So  with  the  other  useful  work  in  my  course  I’m  sure  that 
it  will  be  well  worth  while,  and  pay  a big  return  later  on. 

—WESLEY  PUCHETT.  Moscow,  Idaho. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


There  are  now  more  than  twenty  million  automobiles  of  one  kind  or 
another  in  use  in  the  United  States — every  year  the  number  is  increasing. 
Men  in  every  community  are  making  good  profits  on  repair  work.  Why 
shouldn’t  you?  With  a very  small  outlay  of  capital,  and  the  necessary  train- 
ing, you  can  go  into  business  for  yourself  and  be  independent.  The  automotive 
world  doesn’t  need  general  handy  men,  but  it  is  calling  for  intelligent,  trained 
men  with  a precise  technical  knowledge  of  the  automobile.  Get  this  knowl- 
edge and  training  from  our  automobile  courses.  They  are  planned  and  written 
to  meet  the  needs  of  the  man  who  studies  at  home. 

Instruction  by  Experienced  Men 

This  instruction  is  directed  by  Geo.  B.  Preston,  M.M.E.,  of  the  Mechanical 
Department  and  H.  H.  Ketcham,  E.E.,  of  the  Electrical  Department.  These 
men  are  assisted  by  C.  C.  Sleffel  of  the  Mechanical  Department,  and  W.  E. 
Lindsay,  M.E.  (E.E.),  graduate  of  Cornell  University,  and  member  A.S.M.E., 
formerly  instructor  at  Pratt  Institute.  His  professional  services  include  several 
years  in  machine  shop  practice  and  machine  design,  and  other  engineering  work 
in  the  mechanical  and  electrical  fields.  Another  able  assistant  is  H.  T.  Hoot, 
B.Sc.,  graduate  of  Rutgers  College,  six  years’  experience  in  mechanical  and  elec- 
trical, industrial  and  research  work,  Jr.  member  of  A.S.M.E. 


Applied  Automobile  Engineering 

(ME-23x) 

This  course  takes  up  in  detail  the  mechanical  and  electrical  features  of 
the  motor  vehicle  and  the  principles  governing  its  construction.  Repair  shop 
equipment  and  methods  receive  special  attention. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Pictorial  representation.  Machine 
fastenings.  Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
strumcnts,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  fMa-5)  — Interesting 
shop  problems,  clear  explanations  and  sim- 
ple calculations.  The  arithmetic  necessary 
for  the  work  of  this  course. 

SHOP  MATHEMATICS.  ADVANCED  (Ma-21) 
— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop. 

AUTOMOBILE  AND  MOTOR  TRUCK  OP- 
ERATION (ME-22) — Various  types  of  auto- 
mobiles with  characteristics 'of  each.  Clear 
and  practical  descriptions  of  automobile 
parts.  Troubles  and  remedies.  Care  and 
operation  of  the  automobile. 

ELECTRICAL  EQUIPMENT  OF  THE  AUTO- 
MOBILE (EE-9) — Magnetos.  Batteries.  Mo- 
tors. Generators,  Starting  and  lighting 


systems.  Wiring  diagrams.  Charging  equip- 
ment. Electrical  accessories.  Testing. 

STORAGE  BATTERIES  (EE-8)— Types  of 
storage  batteries  and  their  characteristics. 
Charging  and  charging  equipment.  Troubles 
and  remedies.  Repair.  Testing. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr- 
47) — Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

AUTOMOBILE  CONSTRUCTION  AND  RE- 
PAIR (ME-20) — Locating  trouble.  Carbu- 
retors. Lubrication  systems.  Ignition  coils. 
Chassis  and  running  gears.  Brakes.  Clutches. 
Transmissions.  Steering  systems.  Axles.  Dif- 
ferentials. Wheels.  Rims.  Tires.  Manifolds. 
Springs.  Fuel  supply  systems.  Adjustments. 
Minor  repairs.  Major  repairs.  Use  of  ma- 
chine tools.  Heat  treatment  of  metals.  Re- 
pair of  springs.  Materials  used  in  automobiles. 
Shop  equipment  for  repairing  automobiles 
and  trucks. 


Automobile  Construction  and  Repair 

(ME-21x) 

With  millions  of  cars  in  use  in  this  counti’y,  the  demand  for  trained 
mechanics  is  constantly  increasing.  This  course  is  for  the  apprentice  or 
mechanic  who  desires  to  specialize  in  the  mechanics  of  automobile  construe  • 
tion  and  repair. 


More  Learning  Means  Better  Earning 


120 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Pictorial  representation.  Machine 
fastenings.  Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost, 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

SHOP  MATHEMATICS,  ADVANCED  (Ma- 
21) — Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How 
to  use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  con- 
structions for  the  man  in  the  shop. 

AUTOMOBILE  AND  MOTOR  TRUCK  OP- 
ERATION (ME-21) — Various  types  of  auto- 
mobiles w’ith  characteristics  of  each.  Clear 
and  practical  descriptions  of  automobile 
parts.  Types  of  magnetos  and  generators. 
Storage  batteries.  Starting,  lighting  and 


in  This  Course: 

ignition  systems.  Care  and  operation  of 
the  automobile. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr- 
47) — Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

AUTOMOBILE  CONSTRUCTION  AND  RE- 
PAIR (ME-20) — Locating  trouble.  Carbu- 
retors. Lubrication  systems.  Ignition  coils. 
Condensers.  Timers.  Battery  systems.  Mag- 
netos. Storage  batteries.  Starting  systems. 
Lighting  systems.  Chassis  and  rurtning 
gears.  Brakes.  Clutches.  Transmissions. 
Steering  systems.  Axles.  Differentials. 
Wheels.  Rims.  Tires.  Manifolds.  Springs. 
Fuel  supply  systems.  Adjustments.  Minor 
repairs.  Major  repairs.  Use  of  machine 
tools.  Heat  treatment  of  metals.  Repair  of 
springs.  Materials  used  in  automobiles. 
Shop  equipment  for  repairing  automobiles 
and  trucks. 


Automobile  and  Motor  Truck 


Operation 

(ME-22x) 

This  course  will  meet  the  requirements  of  owners  or  drivers  of  automobiles 
or  motor  trucks.  It  will  make  them  more  proficient  in  the  care  and  operation 
of  the  machine  and  enable  them  to  make  minor  repairs. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple 
calculations.  The  arithmetic  necessary  for 
the  w’ork  of  this  course. 

AUTOMOBILE  AND  MOTOR  TRUCK  OP- 
ERATION (ME-21) — Various  types  of  auto- 
mobiles with  characteristics  of  each.  The 
gasoline  engine,  care  and  operation.  Clear 


and  practical  descriptions  of  types  of  carbu- 
retors. Systems  of  lubrication.  Wiring  for 
the  automobile  engine.  Types  of  magnetos 
and  generators.  Storage  batteries.  Starting 
and  lighting  systems.  Clutches  and  trans- 
missions. Rear  axles  and  differentials. 
Wheels,  rims,  tires.  Troubles  and  remedies. 
Care  and  operation  of  the  automobile. 


Electrical  Equipment  of 
the  Automobile 

(EE-4x) 

This  course  is  for  the  automobile  electrician  and  the  general  automobile 
mechanic  who  requires  a thorough  knowledge  of  ignition  systems,  both  battery 
and  magneto,  of  starting  and  lighting  systems,  and  of  ignition  and  vehicle 
storage  batteries,  as  well  as  some  acquaintance  with  electrical  accessories. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

SHOP  ALGEBRA  (Ma-23) — Formulas  and  how 
to  use  them.  How  to  use  tables  and  charts. 

ELECTRICAL  EQUIPMENT  OF  THE  AUTO- 
MOBILE (EE-9) — Electricity  and  magnetism. 
Principles  and  essential  parts  of  all  ignition 
systems.  Principles,  characteristics,  con- 
struction, operation  and  care  of  generators 
and  starting  motors.  Principles  and  essential 
parts  of  starting  and  lighting  systems.  Re- 


quirements of  the  ideal  headlight.  State  laws. 
Electrical  accessories.  Wiring  diagrams  show- 
ing complete  electrical  systems  on  all  stand- 
ard makes  of  cars.  How  to  read  and  how  to 
use  these  diagrams. 

STORAGE  BATTERIES  (EE-8)— Construction 
and  manufacture  of  various  types  of  bat- 
teries. Chemical  actions  in  the  battery  on 
charge  and  on  discharge.  Voltage  and  volt- 
age changes.  Use  of  the  hydrometer.  Charg- 
ing. Care  of  the  battery.  Battery  troubles 
and  their  remedies.  Repair  shop  equipment 
and  methods.  Battery  service. 


The  three  hours  follon'ing  7 o’clock  in  the  evening  may  be  used  to  put 
yourself  ahead — to  grow  to  be  a bigger  man,  fitted  for  leadership, 
larger  responsibility,  more  congenial  work,  a better  paying  job.  The 
“Y”  will  help  you  to  make  the  most  of  your  7 o’clocks. 


The  field  of  Electricity,  although  new,  is  well 
established  and  constantly  growing;  and  it 
offers  unusual  opportunities  to  earnest,  am- 
bitious men.  Today  villages  and  even  isolated 
homes  are  installing  electric  improvements.  Radio 
telegraphy  has  become  commonplace.  Some  go  so 
far  as  to  predict  that  soon  coal  for  power  or  for 
lighting  purposes  will  no  longer  be  moved  away 
from  the  coal  regions — that  it  will  there  be  turned 
into  electricity;  and  that  power,  light  and  heat  will 
be  transmitted  over  wires,  for  use  throughout  the 
entire  country. 

If  a man  gives  conscientious  work  to  the 
study  of  one  of  these  electrical  courses,  he  will  get 
all  the  knowledge  he  would  acquire  in  the  technical 
school  with  the  exception  of  laboratory  and  shop 
experience,  which  can  be  obtained  by  actual  prac- 
tice. In  addition,  he  will  draw  a good  salary  while 
learning  the  practical  work,  thus  keeping  a step  ahead. 

Every  employer  is  inclined  to  give  preference  to  the  applicant  who  has 
been  studying  for  his  job  rather  than  to  the  young  man  who  has  done  no 
reading  or  studying  along  the  line  of  his  chosen  occupation. 

The  electrical  field  affords  opportunities  almost  without  limit.  Large 
salaries  are  common  with  the  big  interests.  Not  every  man  may  reasonably 
hope  to  climb  to  a salary  of  from  $5,000  to  $15,000  a year,  but  every  ambitious 
man  can  expect  to  earn  enough  in  electrical  work  to  support  himself  and 
family  in  comfort  if  he  makes  the  most  of  his  opportunities. 

Instruction  by  Experienced  Men 

The  instructors  of  the  Electrical  Engineering  department  are  well  fitted 
for  their  respective  positions.  H.  H.  Ketcham,  E.E.,  the  head  of  this  depart- 
ment, is  a man  of  broad  education  and  experience.  After  graduating  from 
Lehigh  University  he  spent  ten  years  in  the  practical  engineering  field,  includ- 
ing four  years  of  control  work.  He  is  an  Associate  member  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers  and  a member  of  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  Assisting  Mr.  Ketcham  in  the  instruction 
work  is  N.  S.  Dickinson,  a graduate  of  Union  College, 
who  has  had  ten  years’  experience  in  the  teaching 
and  practice  of  engineering.  He  has  occupied  such 
positions  as  head  of  the  Electrical  department  of 
the  Newark  Technical  School,  Instructor  in  Radio 
Officers  School  at  Columbia  University  and  consult- 
ing and  designing  engineer  in  industrial  work.  An- 
other able  assistant  is  John  B.  Dixon,  who,  after 
graduating  from  Pratt  Institute,  spent  several 
years  in  the  engineering  department  of  the  West- 
inghouse  Electric  Manufacturing  Company  and 
with  the  Public  Service  Electric  Company  of  New 
Jersey. 

The  instructors  and  consulting  staff  are  all  ex- 
perienced teachers  and  among  them  are  acknowl- 
edged masters  of  special  electrical  subjects.  Some 
have  studied  abroad  and  all  are  members  of  one  or 
more  national  engineering  societies. 


"/  Will  Study  and  Get  Ready  and  Maybe  My  Chance  Will  Come.” — Lincoln 


122 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Electrical  Engineering 

(EE-12X) 

This  ceurse  offers  a foundation  for  all  branches  of  electrical  engineering 
for  it  covers  every  fundamental  electrical  subject.  It  will  not  only  meet  the 
needs  of  the  practicing  engineer,  but  of  the  student  of  electrical  engineering 
as  well.  It  is  confined  to  the  groundwork  of  the  profession,  and  treats  the 
essential  subjects  adequately. 

As  the  course  is  based  on  the  study  of  principles  and  their  applications 
to  daily  work,  it  is  of  especial  value  to  the  practical  man  for  it  supplies  him 
with  the  “reasons  why.” 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45 )-Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  draxving  equipment,  including  in- 
stniments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-11  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-31 — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with 
formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later  in 
the  cour.se.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2» — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)  — I.ogarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr- 
471 — Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

ELECTRICAL  DRAWING  (EE-18)— Copious 
lesson  notes  and  blueprints.  Assembly  and 
detail  drawings  of  standard  electric  motor. 
Standard  conventions.  Wiring  plans  and 
diagrams.  Conventional  symbols.  Typical 
diagrams  used  by  representative  electrical 
-manufacturers. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  (EE-5)  — 
Electricity — Sources  of  electricity.  Electro- 
motive force.  Current.  Resistance.  Ohm’s 
law.  Conductance.  Electrical  units.  Elec- 
trical circuits. 

Magnetism — Permanent  magnets.  Electromag- 
nets and  electromagnetism.  Magnetic  cir- 
cuits. Magnetomotive  force.  Magnetic  flux. 
Reluctance.  Permeability.  Hysteresis.  Elec- 
tromagnetic induction. 

Direct  Currents — Construction  and  operation 
of  DC  generators,  motors,  and  control  appa- 
ratus. Motor  applications. 

Principles  of  Alternating  Currents — The  alter- 
nator. AC  motors.  Control  apparatus. 
Transformers.  (A  preliminary  study.) 

Electrochemistry — Primary  and  storage  bat- 
teries. Industrial  applications  of  electrolysis. 

Electrical  Distribution.  Electric  Illumination. 

ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  (Ma-25)— A thorough 
study  of  the  algebraic  principles  most  use- 
ful and  helpful  to  the  practical  man. 

MECH.\NICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces 
T.aw  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  motion. 


Accelerated  motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrif- 
ugal force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Poten- 
tial and  kinetic  energy. 

ANALYTIC  GEOMETRY  (Ma-24)— Selected 
lessons  treating  of  the  relation  between  the 
equation  and  t e graph.  This  subject  is  par- 
ticularly helpful  in  the  field  of  engineering. 
ALTEKN/  CURRENTS  (EE-6)— Prin- 

ciples of  Alternating  Currents — Frequency 
and  cycle.  Inductance.  Inductive  reactance. 
Capacitance.  Condensive  reactance.  Im- 
pedance. Power  and  power  factor.  Appar- 
ent power.  Effective  power.  Reactive  power. 
Vector  diagrams.  The  electrical  degree. 
Electromagnets.  Electromagnetic  induction. 
Leading  and  lagging  currents. 

AC  Circuits — Current  and  voltage  relations 
in  series  and  in  parallel  circuits.  Relation 
of  resistance  and  reactance  to  impedance. 
Single  phase  circuits.  Polyphase  circuits. 
Delta  and  Y connections.  Current  and  volt- 
age relations  in  the  line  and  in  the  load. 
Power  relations.  Power  measurement.  Wir- 
ing calculations.  Transmission  and  distri- 
bution. Stations.  Sub-stations. 

AC  Machinery — Principles  and  parts  of  alter- 
nators, synchronous  motors,  induction  mo- 
tors, series  motors,  synchronous  converters, 
rectifiers,  transformers,  and  control  appa- 
ratus. Installation,  care  and  operation  of 
AC  machinery. 

DIRECT  CURRENT  DYNAMO-ELECTRIC 
MACHINERY  (EE-2)— The  DC  Dynamo— 
The  armature  and  its  construction.  Ven- 
tilation. Lap  and  wave  windings.  Laying 
out  windings.  Construction  of  the  commu- 
tator. Stationary  armatures.  Construction 
of  field  poles  and  yokes.  Field  windings. 
Ventilation  of  frame.  Construction  of  bases. 
The  magnetic”  circuit.  Field  excitation.  Leak- 
age. Saturation  of  parts.  Laminated  parts. 

Principles  of  Generator  Operation — Character- 
istics of  shunt,  series,  and  compound  ma- 
chines. Building-up.  Voltage  regulation. 
Compounding.  Efficiency  and  losses.  Paral- 
lel operation.  Starting  and  stopping.  Care 
of  generators. 

Commutation — Inductance  of  armature  coils. 
Armature  reaction.  Various  means  for  se- 
curing proper  commutation.  Compensating 
windings,  shape  of  pole  tips.  Brushes  and 
brush  rigging. 

Motor  Operation — Motor  starters  and  con- 
trollers. Service  requirements.  Motor  ap- 
plications. Care  of  motors.  Troubles  and 
their  remedies.  Characteristics  of  commu- 
tation peculiar  to  the  motor. 

Miscellaneous — Switchboards  and  accessories. 
Protective  devices.  Installation  of  motors 
and  eenf'rators. 

ELECTRIC  ILLUMINATION  (EE-10>— Fun- 
damental concepts  of  light.  Illumination 
measurement.  Reflectors  and  enclosing  glass- 
ware. Principles  of  illumination  design. 
Lighting  systems.  Location  of  lighting 
units.  Proper  illumination  values.  Typical 
installations.  Maintenance  of  illumination 
systems.  Depreciation  in  service  of  light- 


Learn  More  Today  and  You’ll  Earn  More  Tomorrow 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


123 


ing  units  and  reflecting  surfaces.  Modern 
maintenance  methods.  Cleaning  schedules. 
The  footcandle  meter.  ^ 

WIRING  PRACTICE  (EE-15)— Wire  and  wir- 
ing material.  Wiring  systems.  Selection  of 
the  wiring  system  for  a job.  Costs.  Meth- 
ods of  installing  each  system.  Alternating 
and  direct-current  circuits.  Code  require- 
ments regarding  the  loading  of  circuits. 
Contracts  and  specifications. 

DIRECT  CURRENTS  (EE-13)  — Principles 
underlying  uses  of  direct  current  electrical 
energy.  Apparatus  involved.  Theory  em- 
phasized. Practical  matters  included.  In- 
sulation and  insulating  materials.  High 
voltage  DC  phenomena.  Telegraphy.  Tele- 
phony. 


ALTERNATING  CURRENT  MACHINERY 
(EE-14) — Principles  underlying  construction 
and  operation  of  AC  machinery.  Problems 
found  in  practice. 

Dynamo-Electric  Machinery — Synchronous  gen- 
erators, motors,  condensers  and  converters. 
Induction  motors.  Single-phase  commutator 
motors.  Motor  generator  sets. 

Static  Machinery — The  transformer.  Rectify- 
ing devices. 

CONTROLLERS  FOR  ELECTRIC  MOTORS 
(EE-12) — Operation  and  maintenance  of  in- 
dustrial controllers.  Essential  requirements 
of  motor  control.  Types  of  controllers. 
Functions  of  the  controller.  Essential  parts. 
Design. 


NOTE. — One  of  the  following  elective  subjects  is  required.  Both  may  be  had  at 
slight  additional  cost.  Price  on  application. 


tSTEAM  ENGINES  AND  TURBINES  (ME-3) 
— Properties  of  steam.  Use  of  the  steam 
tables.  Indicator  diagrams.  The  planimeter. 
The  entropy  diagram.  Thermal  efficiency. 
Mean  effective  pressure.  Indicated  horse 
power.^-  Brake  horse  power.  Elementary 
principles.  Classification  of  engines.  De- 
tailed consideration  of  the  various  parts  of 
steam  engine.  Compound  engines.  Condens- 
ing apparatus.  Cooling  ponds  and  towers. 
Temperature  entropy  diagrams  as  applied  to 
superheated  steam.  Characteristic  types  of 


turbines.  Details  of  turbine  construction. 
Graphical  solutions  of  problems  in  turbine 
design. 

tFUELS  AND  FUEL  ECONOMY^  (ME-D  — 
Complete  discussion  of  characteristics  of 
various  fuels,  as  wood,  peat,  coal,  oil  and 
gas.  Fuel  analysis.  Chemistry  of  combus- 
tion. Fuel  gas  analysis.  Coal  fuel.  Hand- 
firing methods.  ' Mechanical  stokers.  Pul- 
verized coal  as  a fuel.  Gas  and  oil  as  fuels. 
Furnaces  for  metallurgical  purposes. 


NOTE, — The  student  may  choose  any  two  of  the  following  optional  subjects.  If 
more  than  two  subjects  are  desired  they  may  be  had  at  a slight  additional 
cost.  Price  on  application. 


♦CALCULUS  (MA-8) — A simple  and  direct 
treatment  of  both  branches  of  the  calculus 
applied  to  problems  in  dynamics ; physics ; 
and  mechanical,  electrical,  and  civil  engi- 
neering. Many  interesting  problems  dis- 
cussed. 

♦MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)— 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elas- 
tic change  of  length.  Properties  of  mate- 
rials of  engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of 
beams.  Reaction.  Vertical  shear.  Bending 
moment.  Internal  and  external  forces.  Safe 
loads.  Column  formulas.  Combined  stresses. 
Axial  shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience 
and  work.  Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials. 
Torsion  of  shafts. 

♦USE  OF  THE  SLIDE  RULE  fCE-1)— Me- 
chanical multiplication  and  division.  Roots, 
powers.  Representations  of  logarithms  on 
the  scales  of  the  rule.  Setting  the  rule  to 
perform  various  arithmetical  calculations. 
Locating  the  decimal  point.  How  to  per- 
form a series  of  operations  on  the  rule. 

♦FACTORY  MANAGEMENT  AND  INDUS- 
TRIAL EFFICIENCY  (ME-10 1— Course  for 
mechanics,  foremen,  superintendents,  and 
managers  who  desire  to  make  themselves 
more  valuable.  It  will  increase  their  knowl- 
edge of  the  most  efficient  modern  production 
methods,  including  handling  of  materials. 
It  discusses  exhaustively  the  best  methods  of 
handling  men.  It  considers  the  various  de- 
partmental relationships,  purchasing  of  ma- 
terials, various  wage  systems  and  accounting. 

♦FOREMANSHIP  (ME-11')  — The  foreman’s 
place  in  industry.  Methods  of  getting  pro- 


*Optional, {See  Page  12.) 
'\Elective. 


duction.  Departmental  relationships.  De- 
veloping interest.  Materials  and  their  han- 
dling. Working  machinery  to  capacity.  Team 
work.  Safeguarding  the  worker.  Principles 
of  organization.  Systems  of  wage  payment. 
Art  of  management. 

♦COST  ACCOUNTING  (Co-4)  — Principles. 
Methods.  Indirect  expense  accounts.  Stores 
accounting  and  records.  Costs.  Time  and 
pay  records.  Indirect  expense.  Fixed  charges. 
Expense  distribution.  Representative  cost 
systems.  Graphic  presentation  of  cost  data. 
Use  of  charts.  Forms. 

♦STORAGE  BATTERIES  (EE-8)— Construc- 
tion of  Batteries — Manufacture  of  battery 
parts.  Types  of  plates.  Types  of  batteries. 
Assembly  operations. 

Electrochemical  Principles — Chemical  actions 
in  the  battery  on  charge  and  on  discharge. 
Voltage  changes  on  charge  and  discharge. 
Changes  in  the  density  of  the  electrolyte. 

Operation  and  Maintenance — Methods  of  charg- 
ing. Charging  equipment.  Care  of  the  bat- 
tery, inspection,  and  simple  tests,  under 
operating  conditions.  Battery  rooms  in 
standby  and  other  service.  Care  of  idle 
batteries. 

Repair — Battery  troubles  and  their  remedies  ; 
the  extensive  treatment  of  this  subject  is 
arranged  under  the  various  battery  parts. 

Battery  Service — Types  of  batteries,  installa- 
tion, and  operating  conditions  in  ignition 
and  starting,  vehicle,  standby,  farm  and 
country  home  lighting,  train  lighting,  radio, 
and  marine  service. 


There  are  three  milestones  along  the  road  to  Success — Imagination, 
Preparation,  Determination.  Those  at  the  top  have  done  their  share 
of  imagining  and  a great  deal  of  preparing , but  they  hazK  also  passed 
the  other  milestone — Determination.  They  cultivated  a backbone  ziliere 
other  folks  have  only  a wishbone. 


124 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Shorter  Electrical  Engineering 

(EE-13X)  • 

“Shorter  Electrical  Engineering”  is  intended  for  men  who  desire  a compre- 
hensive knowledge  of  electricity  and  who  have  time  only  for  the  work  of  a 
specialized  engineering  course.  It  covers  thoroughly  the  principles  of  elec- 
tricity and  magnetism,  of  direct  and  alternating  currents,  and  of  common 
electrical  apparatus,  including  the  practical  application  of  these  principles 
to  industrial  and  commercial  needs.  This  is  followed  by  a detailed  study  of 
a specific  electrical  subject,  or  if  preferred,  of  an  allied  engineering  subject. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  consideration 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with 
formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later  in 
the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)  — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
graphical  problems. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  (EE-51  — 
Electricity — Sources  of  electricity.  Electro- 
motive force.  Current.  Resistance.  Ohm’s 
law.  Conductance.  Electrical  units.  Elec- 
trical circuits. 

Magnetism — Permanent  magnets.  Electromag- 
nets and  electro-magnetism.  Magnetic  cir- 
cuits. Magnetomotive  force.  Magnetic  flux. 
Reluctance.  Permeability.  Hysteresis.  Elec- 
tromagnetic induction. 

Direct  Currents — Construction  and  operation 
of  DC  generators,  motors,  and  control  appa- 
ratus. Motor  applications. 

Principles  of  Alternating  Currents — The  alter- 
nator. AC  motors.  Control  apparatus. 
Transformers.  (A  preliminary  study.) 

Electrochemistry — Primary  and  storage  bat- 
teries. Industrial  applications  of  electrolysis. 

Electrical  Distribution — Electrical  Illumination. 

ALTERNATING  CURRENTS  AND  ALTER- 
NATING CURRENT  MACHINERY  (EE-6) 
— Principles  of  Alternating  Currents — Fre- 
quency and  cycle.  Inductance.  Inductive 
reactance.  Capacitance.  Condensive  react- 
ance. Impedance.  Power  and  power  factor. 
Apparent  power.  Effective  power.  Reactive 
power.  Vector  diagrams.  The  electrical  de- 
gree. Electromagnets.  Electromagnetic  in- 
duction. Leading  and  lagging  currents. 


AC  Circuits — Current  and  voltage  relations  in 
series  and  in  parallel  circuits.  Relation  of 
resistance  and  reactance  to  impedance.  Sin- 
gle phase  circuits.  Polyphase  circuits. 
Delta  and  Y connections.  Current  and  volt- 
age relations  in  the  line  and  in  the  load. 
Power  relations.  Power  measurement.  Wir- 
ing calculations.  Transmission  and  distri- 
bution. Stations.  Sub-stations. 

AC  Machinery — Principles  and  parts  of 
alternators,  synchronous  motors,  induction 
motors,  series  motors,  synchronous  con- 
verters, rectifiers,  transformers,  and  control 
apparatus.  Installation,  care  and  operation 
of  AC  machinery. 

DIRECT  CURRENT  DYNAMO-ELECTRIC 
MACHINERY  (EE-2)— The  DC  Dynamo— 
The  armature  and  its  construction.  Ventila- 
tion. Lap  and  wave  windings.  Laying  out 
windings.  Construction  of  commutator. 
Stationary  armatures.  Construction  of  field 
poles  and  yokes.  Field  windings.  Ventila- 
tion of  frame.  Construction  of  bases.  The 
magnetic  circuit.  Field  excitation.  Leakage. 
Saturation  of  parts.  Laminated  parts. 

Principles  of  Generator  Operation — Character- 
istics of  shunt,  series,  and  compound  ma- 
chines. Building-up.  Voltage  regulation. 
Compounding.  Efficiency  and  losses.  Paral- 
lel operation.  Starting  and  stopping.  Care 
of  generators. 

Commutation — Inductance  of  armature  coils. 
Armature  reaction.  Various  means  for  se- 
curing proper  commutation.  Compensating 
windings,  shape  of  pole  tips.  Brushes  and 
brush  rigging. 

Motor  Operation — Motor  starters  and  con- 
trollers. Service  requirements.  Motor  ap- 
plications. Care  of  motors.  Troubles  and 
their  remedies.  Characteristics  of  commu- 
tation peculiar  to  the  motor. 

Miscellaneous — Switchboards  and  accessories. 
Protective  devices.  Installation  of  motors 
and  generators. 

WIRING  PRACTICE  (EE-15)— Wire  and  wir- 
ing material.  Wiring  systems.  Selection  of 
the  wiring  system  for  a job.  Costs.  Meth- 
ods of  installing  each  system.  Alternating 
and  direct  current  circuits.  Code  require- 
ments regarding  the  loading  of  circuits. 
Contracts  and  specifications. 


NOTE:  In  addition  to  the  subjects  already  listed  one  only  of  the  following  elec- 
tive subjects  is  required  to  complete  the  Shorter  Electrical  Engineering  Course. 
If  others  are  desired  they  may  be  had  at  an  additional  cost.  Price  on  application. 


ELECTRIC  ILLUMINATION  (EE-10)— Fun- 
damental concepts  of  light.  Illumination 
measurement.  Reflectors  and  enclosing  glass- 
ware. Principles  of  illumination  design. 
Lighting  systems.  Location  of  lighting  units. 
Proper  illumination  values.  Typical  installa- 
tions. Maintenance  of  illumination  systems. 
Depreciation  in  service  of  lighting  units  and 
reflecting  surfaces.  Modern  maintenance 
methods.  Cleaning  schedules.  The  foot- 
candle  meter. 

STORAGE  BATTERIES  (EE-B)— Construction 
of  batteries.  Manufacture  of  battery  parts. 


Assembly  operations.  Chemical  actions  in 
the  battery  on  charge  and  on  discharge. 
Voltage  changes  on  charge  and  discharge. 
Methods  of  charging.  Battery  rooms  in 
standby  and  other  service.  Care  of  idle 
batteries.  Battery  troubles  and  their  reme- 
dies. Battery  service. 

CONTROLLERS  FOR  ELECTRIC  MOTORS 
(EE-12) — Operation  and  maintenance  of  in- 
dustrial controllers.  Essential  requirements 
of  motor  control.  Types  of  controllers. 
Functions  of  the  controller.  Essential  parts. 
Design. 


Look  Ahead — Your  Employer  Demands  It 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


125 


MECHANICS  (CE-111 — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  motion. 
Accelerated  motion.  Rotary  motion.  Cen- 
trifugal force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Po- 
tential and  kinetic  energy. 

FUELS  AND  FUEL  ECONOMY  (ME-1)  — 
Complete  discussion  of  characteristics  of 
various  fuels,  as  wood,  peat,  coal,  oil  and 
gas.  Fuel  analysis.  Chemistry  of  combus- 
tion. Fuel  gas  analysis.  Coal  fuel.  Hand- 
firing methods.  Mechanical  stokers.  Pulver- 
ized coal  as  a fuel.  Gas  and  oil  as  fuels. 
Furnaces  for  metallurgical  purposes. 

FACTORY  MANAGEMENT  AND  INDUS- 
TRIAL EFFICIENCY  (ME-10)— Most  effi- 
cient modern  production  methods,  including 
handling  of  materials.  It  discusses  exhaus- 


tively the  best  methods  of  handling  men. 
It  considers  the  various  departmental  rela- 
tionships, purchasing  of  materials,  various 
wage  systems  and  accounting. 

FOREMANSHIP  (ME-11)  — The  foreman’s 
place  in  industry.  Methods  of  getting  pro- 
duction. Departmental  relationships.  De- 
veloping interest.  Materials  and  their  hand- 
ling. Working  machinery  to  capacity.  Team 
work.  Safeguarding  the  worker.  Principles 
of  organization.  Systems  of  wage  payment. 
Art  of  management. 

COST  ACCOUNTING  (Co-41  — Principles. 
Methods.  Indirect  expense  accounts.  Stores 
accounting  and  records.  Costs.  Time  and 
pay  records.  Indirect  expense.  Fi.xed 
charges.  Expense  distribution.  Representa- 
tive cost  systems.  Graphic  presentation  of 
cost  data.  Use  of  charts.  Forms. 


SUBSTITUTE  SUBJECTS — Instead  of  the  required  elective  subject  the  student 
may  substitute  any  one  of  the  three  following  groups: 


Group  1 

READING  OF  DRAWINGS  (Dr-441— Instruc- 
tion by  means  of  blueprints  of  machine  de- 
tails. Complete  representation  of  an  object 
by  three  or  more  views,  with  or  without 
sections.  Meaning  of  heavy  full  lines,  light 
full  lines,  dotted  lines,  dot  and  dash  lines. 
Correct  methods  of  dimensioning.  Conven- 
tional methods  of  representing  standard 
parts.  Notes  and  specifications. 

♦READING  OF  ELECTRICAL  DRAWING 
(EE-16) — Typical  drawings  of  a standard 
motor.  Wiring  diagrams  of  typical  face 
plate  and  drum  type  manual  starters,  of 
contractor  and  autotransformer  type  auto- 
matic starters,  of  controllers,  of  panels,  of 
automotive  systems,  and  of  a wireless  unit. 
Symbols  for  wiring  diagrams. 

Group  2 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-451— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 


torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr- 
47) — Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

♦ELECTRICAL  DRAWING  (EE-18)— Copious 
lesson  notes  and  blueprints.  Assembly  and 
detail  drawings  of  a standard  electric  motor. 
Standard  conventions.  Wiring  plans  and 
diagrams.  Conventional  symbols.  Typical 
diagrams  used  by  representative  electrical 
manufacturers. 

Group  3 

ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  (Ma-251— A thorough 
study  of  the  algebraic  principles  most  useful 
and  helpful  to  the  practical  man. 

fANALYTIC  GEOMETRY  (Ma-24)— Selected 
lessons  treating  of  the  relation  between  the 
equation  and  the  graph.  This  subject  is 
particularly  helpful  in  the  field  of  engineering. 


Electricity  and  Magnetism 

(EE-8x) 

With  the  aid  of  special  expei’imental  woi’k  this  course  presents  the 
principles  of  Electricity  and  Magnetism,  and  then  covers  the  more  common 
applications  of  these  principles.  It  is  a brief  treatment  of  electrical  theory 
and  fact,  dealing  with  all  the  principal  fundamental  electrical  laws  and  actions. 
The  student  is  taught  in  a simple,  clear  manner  what  the  essential  apparatus 
is  and  how  and  why  each  piece  of  apparatus  works.  In  its  broader  sense  this 
course  offers  a survey  of  the  entire  field  of  electricity. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with 
formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later  in 
the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  fEE-5)  — 
Nature  of  electricity.  Sources  of  electricity. 
Electromotive  force.  Current.  Resistance. 
Ohm’s  law.  Conductance.  Electrical  units. 
Electrical  circuits.  Power.  Heating. 


Magnetism — Nature  and  properties  of  mag- 
netism. Permanent  magnets.  Electromag- 
nets and  electromagnetism.  Magnetic  cir- 
cuits. Magnetomotive  force.  Magnetic  flux. 
Reluctance.  Permeability.  Hysteresis.  Elec- 
tromagnetic induction. 

Direct  Currents — Types  of  dynamos.  Prin- 
ciples. Characteristics,  construction  and 
operation  of  DC  generators,  motors  and 
control  apparatus.  Motor  applications. 

Alternating  Currents  (Preliminary  study) — 
Principles  of  alternating  currents.  The  al- 
ternator. AC  motors.  Control  apparatus. 
Transformers. 


* Optional  after  completing  Mechanical  IVorking  Drawing  (Dr-47) 
^Optional  after  completing  Advanced  Algebra  {Ma-2S) 


Study  Will  Bring  the  Success  You  Seek 


126 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Electrochemistry — Primary  batteries  and  stor- 
age batteries.  Useful  and  harmful  elec- 
trolysis. Industrial  applications  of  electro- 
lysis. Some  principles  of  general  chemistry. 


Miscellaneous  — Electrical  measurements  and 
measuring  instruments.  Power  stations  and 
power  transmission  and  distribution.  Elec- 
tric illumination. 


Direct  Current  Dynamo-Electric 
Machinery 

(EE-lOx) 

The  course  is  intended  particularly  for  the  operator  and  the  maintainer 
of  D.  C.  motors  and  generators,  but  it  includes  also  the  needs  of  the  installer, 
the  repairman,  the  tester,  and  the  executive  who  selects  machines  for  specified 
service.  The  uses  of  electrical  energy,  referring  solely  to  types  of  loads, 
together  with  types  of  machines  and  their  operating  characteristics,  supply 
basis  for  the  selection,  operation,  and  care  of  the  machines. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  lMa-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  to  deal  with 
formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later  in 
the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2 ) — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more 
important  graphical  problems. 

DIRECT  CURRENT  DYNAMO-ELECTRIC 
MACHINERY  (EE-2)— The  DC  Dynamo— 
The  armature  and  its  construction.  Venti- 


lation. Lap  and  wave  windings.  Laying 
out  windings.  Construction  of  the  commu- 
tator. Stationary  armatures.  Construction 
of  field  poles  and  yokes.  Field  windings. 
Construction  of  bases.  The  magnetic  circuit. 
Field  excitation.  Leakage.  Saturation  of 
parts.  Laminated  parts. 

Principles  of  Generator  Operation — Character- 
istics of  shunt,  series  and  compound  ma- 
chines. Building-up.  Voltage  regulation. 
Compounding.  Efficiency  and  losses.  Parallel 
operation.  Starting  and  stopping.  Care. 

Commutation — Inductance  of  armature  coils. 
Armature  reaction.  Various  means  for  se- 
curing proper  commutation.  Compensating 
windings,  shape  of  pole  tips.  Brushes  and 
brush  rigging. 

Motor  Operation — Motor  starters  and  con- 
trollers. Service  requirements.  Motor  ap- 
plications. Care  of  motors.  Troubles  and 
their  remedies.  Characteristics  of  commu- 
tation peculiar  to  the  motor. 

Miscellaneous-Switchboards  and  accessories. 
Protective  devices.  Installation  of  motors 
and  generators. 


Alternating  Currents 

(EE-6x) 

This  course,  which  is  comprehensive  in  every  detail,  will  be  of  value  to 
the  practical  electrician.  The  construction,  installation,  and  particularly  the 
operation  and  care  of  alternating  current  apparatus  require  a thorough  grasp 
of  the  principles  of  alternating  currents  and  alternating  current  machinery. 
These  principles  are  the  foundation  of  this  course  upon  which  are  based  the 
practical  applications  most  essential  to  the  electrical  worker. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
kms.  Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  fMa-2') — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  fMa-4)  — Logarithms  and 


how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry'  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  (EE-51  — 
Nature  of  electricity.  Electromotive  force. 
Current.  Pesistance.  Conductance.  Electrical 
circuits.  Pow’er.  Heating. 

Magnetism — Nature  and  properties  of  mag- 
netism. Permanent  magnets.  Electromag- 
nets and  electromagnetism.  Magnetic  cir- 
cuits. Magnetomotive  force.  Magnetic  flux. 
Reluctance.  Permeability.  Hysteresis. 


The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  e.vist  for  young  men  ambitions  to  reaJi::e  their  Bigger 
Seizrs,  zvho  arc  zAlIing  to  use  their  spare  hours  to  that  end.  During  the  last  tzvelvc 
months  140.000  such  men  have  enrolled  in  the  resident  classes  of  the  Ignited  Y.M.C.A. 
Schools,  or  for  the  Correspondence  Courses  offered  by  the  Extension  Division. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


127 


Direct  Currents — Types  of  dynamos.  Prin- 
ciples. Characteristics,  operation  and  con- 
struction of  DC  generators,  motors  and 
control  apparatus.  Motor  applications. 

Alternating  Currents  (Preliminary  ^tudy)  — 
Principles  of  alternating  currents. 

Miscellaneous — Electrical  measurements  and 
measuring  instruments.  Electrical  distribu- 
tion. Electrical  illumination, 

ALTERNATING  CURRENTS  (EE-6)— Prin- 
ciples of  Alternating  Currents. — Frequency 
and  cycle.  Inductance.  Inductive  reactance. 
Capacitance.  Condensive  reactance.  Im- 
pedance. Power  and  power  factor.  Appar- 
ent power.  Effective  power.  Reactive  power. 
Vector  diagrams.  Electromagnetic  induction. 
Leading  and  lagging  currents. 

AC  Circuits — Current  and  voltage  relations 
in  series  and  in  parallel  circuits.  Relation 


of  resistance  and  reactance  to  impedance. 
Single  phase  circuits.  Polyphase  circuits. 
Delta  and  Y connections.  Current  and  volt- 
age relations  in  the  line  and  in  the  load. 
Power  relations.  Power  measurement. 

Wiring  Calculations — Single  phase  and  poly- 
phase circuits.  Inductive  and  non-inductive 
loads. 

Transmission  and  Distribution — Modern  sys- 
tems. Modern  practice  in  voltages.  Stations. 
Sub-stations. 

AC  Machinery — Principles  and  parts  of  alter- 
nators, synchronous,  induction,  and  series 
motors,  synchronous  converters,  rectifiers, 
transformers,  and  control  apparatus. 

Operation  of  AC  Machinery — Installation,  care, 
and  operation  of  transformers,  alternators 
and  synchronous  motors,  induction  motors, 
synchronous  converters,  mercury-arc  recti- 
fiers, vibrating  rectifiers,  Tungar  rectifiers. 


Applied  Electricity  for  Practical  Men 

(EE-Tx) 

This  course  is  for  the  installer  and  the  operator  of  electrical  appliances, 
and  for  the  workman  building  them.  It  deals  with  the  principles  governing 
the  use  and  care  of  electrical  apparatus  with  which  the  electrician  meets 
commonly  in  his  practical  every-day  work.  It  is  a short,  general  course  giving 
the  essential  elements  of  electricity  for  practical  electrical  men. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  which  will  be  necessary 
in  order  to  deal  with  the  formulas  and  equa- 
tions that  occur  later  in  the  course.  Graphs 
and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)  — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the 
engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTICAL 
MEN  (EE-7) — Fundamental  Electrical  Prin- 
ciples— Electromotive  force.  Current.  Resis- 
tance. Electrical  units.  Ohm’s  law. 
Sources  of  electrical  energy.  Electrical  cir- 
cuits. Conductors  and  insulators.  Electrical 
diagrams. 

Fundamental  Magnetic  Principles — Nature  and 
properties  of  magnetism.  Magnetic  fields. 
Permanent  magnets.  Electromagnets. 

Direct  Currents  and  DC  Machinerv — Parts  and 
construction  of  the  dynamo.  The  armature. 
The  commutator.  Ventilation.  Lap  and 
wave  windings ; the  advantages  of  each. 
Laying  out  windings.  Field  poles.  Field 
windings.  The  magnetic  circuit.  Magnetic 
saturation  and  leakage.  Operation  of  the 
generator.  Principles  involved.  Induced 
electromotive  force.  Characteristics  of  shunt, 
series,  and  compound  machines.  Building- 
up.  Manual  and  automatic  voltage  regula- 
tion. Parallel  operation.  Care  of  generators. 


Elements  of  commutation  and  factors  affect- 
ing it.  Brushes  and  brush  rigging.  Opera- 
tion of  the  motor.  Principles  involved. 
Counter  electromotive  force.  Motor  starters 
and  controllers.  Service  requirements.  Care 
of  motors.  Troubles  and  their  remedies.  In- 
stallation of  motors  and  generators.  Me- 
chanical and  electrical  connections.  Switch- 
boards and  instruments.  Switches,  fuses,  and 
circuit-breakers.  Other  prgtective  devices. 
Electric  power.  Power  losses  and  heating. 
Distribution  of  electrical  energy.  Insulation 
and  grounds. 

Alternating  Currents  and  AC  Machinery — Prin- 
ciples of  alternating  currents.  Cycle  and 
frequency.  Inductance  and  capacitance.  Re- 
sistance, reactance,  and  impedance.  Effec- 
tive values  of  electromotive  force  and  cur- 
rent. Phase  relations.  Power  factor.  Vectors 
and  vector  diagrams.  Leading  and  lagging 
currents.  Single  phase  circuits.  Polyphase 
circuits.  Delta  and  Y connections.  Power 
measurement.  Principles  and  construction 
of  the  transformer.  Windings.  Insulation. 
Methods  of  cooling.  Types.  Operation.  Con- 
nections. Care  and  troubles.  Construction 
of  the  alternator  and  synchronous  motor. 
The  armature  and  its  parts.  Single  and 
polyphase  windings.  Field  windings.  Opera- 
tion of  the  alternator.  Generation  of  alter- 
nating electromotive  force.  Counter  electro- 
motive force  in  the  synchronous  motor  and 
the  synchronous  condenser.  Alternators 
in  parallel.  Starting  and  stopping.  Care 
of  the  alternator.  Alternating  current 
switchboards,  instruments,  and  protective 
devices.  AC  switching.  The  induction  motor 
and  its  construction.  Rotating  fields.  Char- 
acteristics of  the  wound  rotor  and  squirrel 
cage  types.  Operation.  Starting  methods. 
Torque.  Performance.  Troubles  and  remedies. 
Other  AC  machinery.  Single-phase  series 
commutator  motor.  The  repulsion  motor. 
The  synchronous  converter,  its  construction, 
operation,  and  uses.  Voltage  regulators. 
Care  of  AC  apparatus.  Installation  of  AC 
motors  and  generators.  Mechanical  and 


More  Lcarnijtg  Means  Better  Earning 


128 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


electrical  connections.  Special  service  re- 
quirements. Prime  movers. 

Storage  Batteries — Construction  of  the  lead- 
acid  cell.  Electrochemical  actions  on  charge 
and  discharge.  Types  of  cells,  capacities, 
and  current  rates.  Use  of  the  hydrometer. 
Charging.  Care  of  the  battery ; inspection 
and  simple  tests.  Construction  of  the  alka- 
line cell.  Principles  of  action.  Characteristics 
of  its  operation.  Sizes  and  types  of  cells. 
Care  and  maintenance : simple  tests.  Typ- 
ical uses  of  the  storage  battery.  Care  and 
operation  of  charging  apparatus.  Operation 
and  maintenance  suggestions. 

Electric  Illumination — Fundamental  concepts 


of  'light.  Illumination  measurement.  Re- 
flectors and  enclosing  glassware.  Principles 
of  illumination  design.  Lighting  systems. 
Location  of  lighting  units.  Proper  illumi- 
nation values.  Typical  installations.  Main- 
tenance of  illumination  systems.  Depreciation 
in  service  of  lighting  units  and  reflecting 
surfaces.  Modern  maintenance  methods. 
Cleaning  schedules.  The  foot-candle  meter. 

Wire  and  WTring — Wire  sizes  and  gauge  sys- 
tems. Various  insulations.  Wiring  systems 
and  methods  of  installation.  The  National 
Electric  Code.  Wiring  calculations  for  DC 
installations  and  single  phase  and  polyphase 
AC  installations,  for  lighting  and  for  power. 


Armature  Winding 

(EE-lx) 

Prepared  for  the  armature  winder,  the  armature  repairman,  and  the 
maintenance  electrician,  this  course  covers  the  initial  winding  of  AC  and  DC 
generator  and  motor  armatures  in  manufacture;  the  methods  of  finding 
trouble,  and  the  way  to  correct  it.  The  actual  work  of  the  mechanic  and 
electrician  is  handled  fully.  This  study  is  for  the  experienced  practical  man, 
and  requires  a preliminary  working  knowledge  of  dynamos  and  their  troubles. 
It  is  intended  to  advance  a man  already  in  this  ■work,  but  not  by  itself  to  pre- 
pare him  for  it.  Students  not  qualified  for  this  course  should  take  other  courses 
first;  suggested  courses  upon  application. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

ARMATURE  WINDING  (EE-D— Armatures 
— Nomenclature  and  definitions.  Types  of 
coils  and  windings.  Types  of  slots.  Illus- 
trations and  diagrams.  Symbols  and  for- 
mulas. Stripping  armatures.  Preparation 
of  cores  for  rewinding.  Coil  winding. 
Application  of  the  windings  to  the  cores. 
Connecting,  hooding,  banding  and  balanc- 
ing. Insulating  materials  ; suitability : re- 
quirements for  different  voltages.  Varnishes 
and  their  solvents.  Drying  and  baking. 
Tests  for  locating  faults.  Insulation  resist- 
ance measurements. 

Direct  Current  Windings — Lap  windings  ; sin- 
gle, multiplex,  reentrant.  Wave  windings : 
multiplex  or  series-parallel.  Symmetrical 
windings.  Equalizers.  Small  and  large 
armatures ; usual  practice  in  design  and 


manufacture.  Connecting  up  commutators. 
Armatures  and  commutators  in  the  repair 
shop.  Remedies  for  armature,  commutator, 
and  brush  troubles.  Armatures  readapted 
to  changed  operating  conditions  in  voltage 
and  speed.  Diagrams ; winding  and  con- 
necting tables. 

Alternating  Current  Windings  — Distributed 
and  concentrated  windings.  Lap  and  wave 
windings.  Single  phase  and  polyphase  wind- 
ings for  rotors  and  stators.  Connecting  up 
the  windings.  Rewinding  in  the  repair  shop : 
single  phase  motors ; polyphase  induction 
motors  ; large  stators.  Chord  factor.  Tables 
of  various  connections  and  - resulting  volt- 
ages. Reconnecting  induction  motors  for 
change  in  phases,  voltage,  poles,  speed  or 
frequency  ; combined  changes. 

General — Receiving,  handling,  and  installing 
new  machines.  Inspecting  and  overhauling 
motors  and  generators  and  auxiliary  appa- 
ratus. Causes  and  remedies  of  troubles. 
Ways  of  overcoming  operating  difficulties. 
Machines  and  hand  tools  for  the  armature 
winding  shop.  Methods  and  equipment  for 
the  repair  shop.  Cost  estimate  of  repairs. 
Tables  of  wire  gauges,  wiring,  and  other 
data  necessary  to  the  armature  winder. 
How  to  collect  and  keep  useful  notes. 


Controllers  and  Wiring  Diagrams 

(EE-9x) 

An  advanced  course  for  the  electrical  worker  who  desires  to  specialize 
on  controller  work.  In  this  study  emphasis  is  placed  on  industrial  controllers 
from  the  viewpoint  of  operation  and  maintenance.  Controller  work  is  an 
advanced  subject,  and  the  study  of  it  requires  as  a preliminary  qualification 
some  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  electricity  and  magnetism,  and  of  the 
operation  of  direct  and  alternating  current  machinery.  Students  not  qualified 
for  this  course  should  take  other  courses  first;  suggested  courses  upon 
application. 


You  Can’t  Drift  to  Success' — 
The  Better  Jobs  are  Up-stream. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


129 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

CONTROLLERS  AND  WIRING  DIAGRAMS 


(EE-4) — Controllers — Functions  of  the  con- 
troller. Types  of  controllers.  Manual  and 
automatic  operation.  Essential  parts.  De- 
sign. Rolling,  butt,  and  sliding  contacts. 
Contact  pressure.  Size  of  contacts.  Mag- 
netic blowouts  and  arc  splitters. 

Resistors — Wire  and  ribbon  types.  Grids.  The 
carbon  pile.  Resistance  wire.  Liquid  rheo- 
stats. Design  of  the  resistor,  ohmic  value, 
capacity,  and  stepping. 

Control  Systems  and  Methods  of  Control — 
Voltage,  current,  and  time-limit  methods  of 
control.  Motor  acceleration  and  deceleration 
and  methods  of  braking.  Speed  control  by 
field  resistance,  armature  resistance,  sec- 


ondary resistance,  and  primary  resistance. 
Protective  requirements  and  devices. 

Controller  Applications — General  conditions  in 
each  of  various  classes  of  controller  service. 
Machine  tool  controllers,  light  and  heavy 
machinery,  steel  mill,  hoist,  crane,  bridge, 
elevator,  traction  service. 

Operation  and  Maintenance — Installation  of 
controllers.  Duties  of  the  operator.  Duties 
of  the  maintainer.  Inspection.  Replace- 
ments and  adjustments.  Cleaning. 

Wiring  Diagrams — Approved  symbols  and  dia- 
grammatic representations.  Tracing  circuits. 
Analyzing  a diagram.  Main  circuit  dia- 
grams. Control  circuits.  Reading  the  com- 
plete diagram.  Practice  in  reading. 


Electric  Illumination 

(EE-3x) 

The  man  who  handles  illumination  must  know  how  to  test  existing  in- 
stallations, how  to  determine  the  improvements  necessary,  and  how  to  select 
the  means  to  obtain  that  betterment.  He  must  also  be  able  to  plan  exten- 
sions and  other  new  work.  This  course  covers  the  common  applications  of 
lighting  industrial  plants,  stores,  and  residences,  and  touches  upon  street 
lighting.  Factory  managers  who  desire  utmost  efficiency  from  their  workmen, 
merchants  who  sell  lighting  fixtures  and  supplies,  and  building  contractors  will 
find  this  training  profitable.  Chief  electricians,  for  instance,  also  will  find  the 
practical  problems  exceptionally  enlightening. 


Subjects  Covered 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1>  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  fMa-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)  — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

ELECTRIC  ILLUMINATION  (EE-101— Wir- 
ing for  Illumination — Materials.  Selection 

and  installation  of  inside  and  outside  wiring 
systems.  AC  and  DC  calculations. 

Illumination  Principles — Fundamental  concepts 
of  light  and  illumination.  Photometers, 
their  principles  and  uses.  Candle-power  dis- 
tribution curves  of  lamps  and  of  lighting 
units.  Field  methods  of  measuring  illumi- 
nation. 

Lamps — Vacuum  and  gas-filled  types  of  incan- 
descent lamps.  Operating  characteristics. 
Influence  of  burning  position  and  voltage 
variation.  Available  sizes.  Mercury  vapor 
lamps.  Arc  lamps  of  various  types. 

Reflectors  and  Enclosing  Glassware — Direct, 
semi-indirect  and  indirect.  Service  require- 
ments and  approximate  types  of  reflectors 
for  various  uses.  Relative  efficiency  and 


in  This  Course: 

comparative  characteristics  of  steel,  opal 
glass,  prismatic  glass  and  mirrored  glass 
reflectors  for  various  types  of  lighting  in- 
stallations. 

Illumination  Design — Proper  diffusion  of  light 
and  means  for  securing  it.  Shadows.  Re- 
flecting properties  of  various  surfaces. 
Proper  illumination  values  for  various 
classes  of  lighting  service.  Coefficients  of 
utilization.  Depreciation  factors.  Selection 
of  proper  lighting  systems  for  various  types 
of  service.  Determination  of  the  number, 
location,  and  type  of  lighting  units.  Typical 
e.\amples  and  calculations. 

Types  of  Lighting  Service — Industrial  plants. 
Offices.  Drafting  rooms.  Stores  and  store 
windows.  Auditoriums  and  schools.  Resi- 
dence lighting.  Street  lighting.  Electric 
signs.  Flood  lighting. 

Lighting  Specifications  and  Contracts — Essen- 
tial parts.  Responsibilities  and  obligations 
of  parties.  How  to  write  up  specifications 
and  contracts.  Incorporation  of  plans  and 
diagrams  in  contracts  and  specifications. 
Examples  of  typical  lighting  specifications. 

Automobile  Headlighting  — The  two  main 
classes  of  driving  conditions  and  the  head- 
lighting requirements  of  each.  Light  distri- 
bution on  the  road.  The  specifications  for 
the  model  headlamp  and  rules  for  its  ad- 
justment as  formulated  by  the  Illuminating 
Engineering  Society  and  the  Society  of 
Automotive  Engineers.  Approved  equipment 
available  at  the  present  time.  Maintenance, 
adjustments  and  care. 

Maintenance  of  Illuminating  Systems — Depre- 
ciation in  service  of  lighting  units  and  re- 
flecting surfaces.  Modern  methods  of 

maintaining  efficiency.  Replacement  of 
lamps.  Refinishing  reflecting  surfaces. 

Method  of  laying  out  cleaning  schedule. 


The  world  is  demanding,  as  never  before,  men  of  good  character 
with  well-developed  minds — minds  ready  for  specialised  work,  for 
bigger  jobs.  The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  teach  the  very  subjects 
you  should  study  in  order  to  get  ahead. 


130 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Electric  Wiring 

(EE-llxJ 

In  this  course  the  needs  of  the  wireman  are  treated  fully.  Every  elec- 
trical worker  must  know  the  elements  of  electricity  and  magnetism  before 
he  can  do  intelligent  work.  These  elements  form  the  first  step  in  this  course, 
and  interior  wiring  for  light  and  power  form  the  main  part.  Practical  methods 
used  in  actual  installations  are  carefully  considered  throughout. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ELECTRIC  WIRING  (EE-3)  — Fundamental 
Principles — Sources  of  electrical  energy. 
Voltage.  Current.  Resistance.  Ohm’s  law. 
Power.  Simple  series  and  parallel  circuits 
and  combinations  of  series  and  parallel  cir- 
cuits. Magnetism.  Permanent  magnets  and 
electromagnets.  Magnetic  circuits.  • 

Wire — Conductors  and  insulators.  Wires  and 
cables.  Methods  of  manufacture.  Properties 
and  kinds.  Wire  gauges  and  tables.  Code 
specifications.  Installation  according  to  code 
requirements.  Joints  and  splices. 

Weiring  Material — Switches.  Circuit-breakers 
and  fuses.  Sockets  and  receptacles.  Panel- 
boards  and  switch-boards.  Construction  of 
rigid  and  flexible  conduit.  Conduit  sizes. 
Fittings.  Outlet  boxes.  Underwriters’  ap- 
proval. Wireman’s  tools  and  methods. 

Wiring  Systems — Open  wiring.  Knob  and 
tube.  Rigid  conduit.  Flexible  armored 
cable.  Metal  and  wooden  moulding.  Under- 
writers’ requirements  and  inspection.  Mu- 
nicipal ordinances.  Rules  *of  local  power 
companies.  Grounding.  Selection  of  the 
wiring  system  for  a job.  Costs.  Fire  risk 
and  mechanical  protection.  New  or  finished 
buildings.  Wiring  for  unusual  conditions. 
Methods  of  installing  each  system. 

Circuits — Two-  and  three-wire  D(3  circuits. 
Balanced  and  unbalanced  three-wire  systems. 


When  to  use  three-wire  system.  Determining 
the  load  on  a circuit.  Code  requirements 
regarding  the  loading  of  circuits.  Deter- 
mining the  size  of  wire  to  meet  requirements. 
Single  phase  and  polyphase  AC  circuits. 
Two-  and  three-wire  single  phase  circuits. 
When,  where,  how,  and  why  to  ground  cir- 
cuits. Laying  out  circuits  for  new  and  old 
buildings.  Power  and  lighting  circuits. 
Calculation  of  DC  and  of  AC  circuits. 

Direct  Current  Apparatus — Principles,  con- 
struction, and  operation  of  generators  and 
motors.  Shunt,  series,  and  compound  ma- 
chines. Locating  and  correcting  troubles. 
Starters  and  controllers.  Motor  connections. 

Alternating  Currents — A brief  treatment  of 
the  fundamental  principles  of  alternating 
currents  and  alternating  current  motors. 
AC  starters  and  controllers.  Locating  and 
correcting  troubles. 

Electric  Illumination  — Fundamental  concepts 
of  light.  Illumination  measurement.  Re- 
flectors and  enclosing  glassware.  Principles 
of  illumination  design.  Lighting  systems. 
Location  of  lighting  units.  Practical  meth- 
ods of  laying  out  interior  illumination  sys- 
tems. Typical  installations.  The  foot-candle 
meter. 

Miscellaneous — Selecting  motors  for  various 
requirements.  Batteries  and  battery  wiring. 
Annunciator  and  other  signal  wiring.  Dis- 
tribution lines.  (Construction.  Voltages. 
Safety  precautions..  Contracts  and  speci- 
fications. Writing  up  your  own  specifica- 
tions. Making  estimates. 


Storage  Batteries 

(EE-5x) 

The  storage  battery  finds  a wide  range  of  usefulness  because  it  is  a con- 
venient source  of  energy.  It  is  used  extensively  in  central  power  stations;  in 
telegraph,  telephone  and  wireless  seiwice;  and  as  the  prime  mover  or  auxiliary 
power  source  in  various  methods  of  transportation. 

The  storage  battery  enables  the  modern  automobile  to  give  the  remark- 
able service  which  the  car  owner  expects  of  it  as  a matter  of  course.  The 
service  man  is  a battery  surgeon,  and  his  work  calls  not  only  for  accurate 
and  detailed  technical  knowledge,  but  for  intelligence  and  judgment  of  a 
high  order.  A battery  man  who  really  understands  the  needs  of  the  storage 
battery  and  has  the  knowledge  and  skill  to  treat  its  failings  properly  never 
has  to  go  out  looking  for  business  for  it  will  come  to  him. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

STORAGE  BATTERIES  (EE-8)— Construction 
of  Batteries — Manufacture  of  battery  parts. 
Types  of  plates.  Types  of  batteries.  As- 
sembly operations.  Methods  of  shipping. 
Electrochemical  Principles — Chemical  actions 
in  the  battery  on  charge  and  on  discharge. 
Voltage  changes  on  charge  and  discharge. 
Changes  in  the  density  of  the  electrolyte. 
Capacity  of  batteries. 

Operation  and  Maintenance — Methods  of  charg- 


ing. Charging  equipment.  Operating  tem- 
perature range.  Causes  and  effects  of  heat- 
ing. Care  of  the  battery.  Battery  rooms  in 
standby  and  other  service.  Care  of  idle 
batteries. 

Repair — Battery  troubles  and  their  remedies  ; 
the  extensive  treatment  of  this  subject  is 
arranged  under  the  various  battery  parts. 
Repair  shop  equipment  and  methods.  Vari- 
ous shop  tests. 

Battery  Service — Types  of  batteries,  installa- 
tion, and  operating  conditions  in  ignition 
and  starting,  vehicle,  standby,  farm  and 
country  home  lighting,  and  other  service. 


Learn  More  Today  and  You’!}  Earn  More  Tomorrazv 


Radio  telegraphy,  which  is  now  one  of  the 
important  factors  in  the  economic  life  of 
the  world,  has  revolutionized  communication. 
Nations  that  were  formerly  geographically  isolated 
are  now  in  close  relationship  wnth  the  rest  of  the 
world.  World  markets  have  been  made  accessible 
to  the  most  distant  manufacturer.  Ships  that  for- 
merly sailed  across  the  seven  seas  unprotected,  are 
now  watched  and  guided  in  their  progress  by  the 
use  of  the  wireless.  If  in  distress,  the  news  will 
be  flashed  in  all  directions,  often  preventing  grave 
disaster. 

But  the  use  of  the  wireless  principle  does  not 
stop  hei*e.  The  inventive  genius  of  man  has  made 
possible  and  practicable  the  use  of  a radio  tele- 
phone in  an  isolated  farmhouse  or  in  a metropolitan 
dwelling.  The  radio  telephone  brings  the  world  to 
the  listener’s  ears.  This  marvelous  invention  that 
has  already  opened  up  a tremendous  field  of  activity  is  still  in  the  embryonic 
stage.  Its  future  importance  can  be  measured  by  past  performances.  Although 
radio  communication  is  comparatively  young,  it  ranks  with  the  telephone  and 
telegraph  in  importance. 

The  radio  man  is  among  the  best  paid  of  electrical  workers.  From  the 
operator  at  $100  or  more  a month  with  free  board  and  lodging  to  the  radio 
engineer  at  from  $2500  to  $10,000  and  more  a year,  salaries  are  consistently 
high.  Few  fields  of  endeavor  offer  more  opportunities  for  fascinating  and 
creative  work  with  good  remuneration.  The  capable  radio  man  is  seldom  out 
of  a job  and  his  chances  to  grow  are  limited  only  by  his  owm  ability  and  per- 
severance. As  new  uses  are  found  for  wireless  communication,  the  demand 
for  radio  experts  will  increase  and  salaries  will  increase  in  proportion. 

Instruction  by  Experienced  Men 

The  instructors  of  the  Radio  Engineering  Department  are  well  fitted  for 
their  respective  positions,  both  by  practical  experience  and  education.  H.  H. 
Ketcham,  EE.,  the  head  of  this  department,  is  a man  of  broad  experience 
and  education.  After  graduating  from  Lehigh  University  he  spent  ten  years 
in  the  practical  engineering  field.  He  is  an  associ- 
ate member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Electrical 
Engineers  and  a member  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  Assisting 
Mr.  Ketcham  in  the  instruction  work  is  N.  S.  Dick- 
inson, a graduate  of  Union  College,  who  has  had  ten 
years’  experience  in  the  teaching  and  practice  of  en- 
gineering. He  has  occupied  such  positions  as  head 
of  the  Electrical  Department  of  the  Newark  Tech- 
nical School,  instructor  in  Radio  Officers’  School  at 
Columbia  University  and  consulting  and  designing 
engineer  in  industrial  work.  Another  able  assist- 
ant is  H.  T.  Hoot,  B Sc.,  graduate  of  Rutgers 
College;  six  years’  experience  in  mechanical  and 
electrical,  industrial  and  research  woi’k,  including 
illuminating  engineering  and  radio  telegraphy  and 
telephony;  junior  member  American  Society  of 
Mechanical  Engineers. 

7 he  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


132 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Radio  Operating 

(Ra-lx) 

The  man  desiring  to  enter  this  profession  and  make  it  his  life’s  work  and 
the  thousands  who  want  to  enjoy  the  entertainment  and  diversion  offered  by 
this  interesting  work  will  find  this  course  of  value  to  the  attainment  of  their 
ambitions.  Radio  operating  is  covered  with  a thoroughness  that  equips  the 
student  for  a license  as  a commercial  radio  operator. 


Topics  Covered 

RADIO  OPERATING  (Ra-2)— Electricity  and 
Magnetism — Magnets.  Electromagnetic  in- 
duction. Production  of  electromotive  force. 
Ohm's  law.  Electric  generator.  Alternating 
current  phenomena.  The  transformer.  Elec- 
trical measuring  instruments. 

Dynamo-Electric  Machinery — The  motor-gen- 
erator. The  dynamotor.  The  rotary  con- 
verter. Speed  and  voltage  control.  Manual 
and  automatic  starters.  Protective  devices. 
Maintenance  of  dynamo-electric  machines. 

Principles  of  Radio  Communication — Electrical 
resonance.  Oscillatory  circuits.  Radiation 
of  electromagnetic  waves.  Wave  length  and 
decrement  of  circuit.  Methods  of  excitation. 
Reaction  of  coupled  circuits.  Complete  cir- 
cuit for  damped  wave  transmitter. 

Radio  Transmitting  Apparatus — Spark  dis- 
chargers. Open  and  closed  oscillatory  cir- 
cuits ; apparatus  and  its  adjustment.  High 
voltage  transformers.  Aerial  transfer  switch. 

Radio  Receiver — Principles  of  reception.  Meth- 
ods of  coupling.  Types  of  simple  detectors. 
The  three-electrode  vacuum  tube  as  a de- 
tector and  as  an  amplifier.  Standard  re- 
ceiving circuits. 


in  This  Course: 

Auxiliary  Radio  Equipment — Statute  require- 
ments. Induction  coil  transmitters.  Con- 
struction and  operation  of  lead-acid  and 
alkali  types  of  storage  battery.  Study  of 
battery  charging  panels. 

Radio  Measurements  — Resonance  indicators. 
The  wave  meter.  The  hot  wire  meter  The 
decremeter.  Instruction  for  tuning  a radio 
transmitter.  Measurement  of  inductance 
and  capacity.  Audibility  meter. 

Modern  Radio  Installations — Study  of  standard 
equipment  of  Radio  Corporation  of  America  : 
Simpson ; Cutting  and  Washington ; Inde- 
pendent Wireless  Telegraph  Co.  The  Alex- 
anderson  high  frequency  alternator.  Poulson 
arc.  Goldschmidt  radio  frequency  alternator. 
The  vacuum  tube  as  an  oscillation  generator. 
Radio  telephone. 

Radio  Communication  Laws — Study  of  latest 
U.  S.  regulations  governing  ship  and  land 
stations.  Station  and  operator’s  licenses. 
General  information. 

Radio  Accounting  and  Message  Procedure — 
Classes  of  radiograms.  Charges.  Abstract- 
ing. The  radio  log.  Sending,  receiving,  and 
relaying  of  commercial  and  service  messages. 


Radio  Engineering 

(Ra-2x) 

To  the  ambitious  man  this  course  offers  unusual  opportunities  in  a new 
and  growing  field.  It  furnishes  him  with  a knowledge  of  radio  engineering 
that  will  fit  him  to  perform  the  duties  of  inspector,  instructor,  radio  aid,  radio 


draftsman,  or  radio  engineer. 

Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
strumcnts,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  CMa-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  fMa-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  to  deal  with  formulas  and 
equations  that  occur  later  in  the  course. 
Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2'» — Explanations,  problems 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
their  use.  Graphic  methods. 

TRIGONOMETRY  fMa-4)  — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems 
where  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  where  it  is  convenient  to  use  them. 
Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in  the  en- 


in  This  Course: 

gineering  field.  Some  of  the  more  important 
graphical  problems. 

ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  (EE-5)  — 
Electricity — Sources  of  electromotive  force. 
Current.  Resistance.  Ohm’s  law.  Units. 
Circuits.  Power. 

Magnetism  — Magnetic  phenomena.  Electro- 
magnetism. Reluctance.  Permeability.  Hys- 
teresis. Electromagnetic  induction. 

Direct  Currents — Types  of  dynamos.  Princi- 
ples. Characteristics,  construction  and  op- 
eration of  DC  generators,  motors  and  control 
apparatus.  Motor  applications. 

Alternating  Currents — (Preliminary  study)  — 
Principles  of  alternating  currents.  The  al- 
ternator. AC  motors.  Control  apparatus. 
Transformers. 

Electrochemistry — Primary  batteries  and  stor- 
age batteries.  Electrolysis.  Some  principles 
of  general  chemistry. 

Miscellaneous — Electrical  measurements  and 
measuring  instruments.  Electrical  distribu- 
tion. Illumination. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWINGS  (Dr- 
47) — Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct 
dimensioning  of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 


Knozvlcdge  Pays  Big  Dividends 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


• 133 


STORAGE  BATTERIES  (EE-26)— Constpc- 
tion  of  storage  batteries.  Chemical  actions 
in  the  battery  on  charge  and  on  discharge. 
Voltage  characteristics.  Density  of  elec- 
trolyte. Capacity  of  batteries.  Methods  of 
charging.  Charging  equipment.  Operating 
temperature  range.  Causes  and  effects  of 
heating.  Care  of  the  battery.  Portable  bat- 
teries. Care  of  idle  batteries.  Battery 
troubles  and  their  remedies. 

RADIO  ENGINEERING  DRAFTING  (Ra-8)  — 
Lesson  notes  and  blueprints  supply  the  in- 
struction data  needed  for  each  drawing. 

Motor  Drawing — Complete  assembly  and  detail 
drawings  of  a standard  electric  motor.  Pro- 
jections. Dimensions.  Standard  conventions. 

Wiring  Plans  and  Diagrams — Conventional 
symbols.  Typical  diagrams  used  by  repre- 
sentative electrical  manufacturers,  both  di- 
rect current  starters  and  controllers  and 
alternating  current  starters  and  controllers. 
Standard  symbols  for  wiring  plans.  Typical 
plans. 

Radio  Drawings  — Wiring  diagram  of  radio 
units.  Detail  and  assembly  drawings  of 
radio  apparatus.  Design  of  radio  units. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants  of  forces.  Equilibrium  of  forces. 
Law  of  sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines  and 
laws  of  friction.  Kinetics.  Uniform  motion. 
Accelerated  motion.  Rotary  motion.  Centrif- 
ugal force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Poten- 
tial and  kinetic  energy. 

ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  (Ma-25)— A thorough 
study  of  the  algebraic  principles  most  use- 
ful and  helpful  to  the  practical  man. 

ANALYTIC  GEOMETRY  (Ma-24)  — Selected 
lessons  treating  of  the  relation  between  the 
equation  and  the  graph.  This  subject  is  par- 
ticularly helpful  in  the  field  of  engineering. 

♦ALTERNATING  CURRENTS  (EE-6)— Prin- 
ciples of  Alternating  Currents — Frequency. 
Inductance.  Inductive  reactance.  Capaci- 
tance. Capacitive  reactance.  Impedance. 
Power  and  power  factor.  Vector  diagrams. 
The  electrical  degree.  Electromagnets.  Elec- 
tromagnetic induction. 

AC  Circuits — Current  and  voltage  relations  in 
series  and  in  parallel  circuits.  Relation  of 
resistance,  reactance  and  impedance.  Single 
phase  circuits.  Polyphase  circuits.  Delta 
and  Y connections.  Current  and  voltage 
relations  in  the  line  and  in  the  load.  Power 
relations.  Power  measurement. 

Wiring  Calculations — Single  phase  and  poly- 
phase circuits.  Inductive  and  non-inductive 
loads. 

Transmission  and  Distribution — Modern  sys- 
tems. Modern  practice  in  voltages.  Stations. 
Sub-stations. 

AC  Machinery — Principles  and  parts  of  alter- 
nators, synchronous  motors,  induction  mo- 
tors, series  motors,  synchronous  converters, 


* Oftional.  (Sec  Page  12.) 


rectifiers,  transformers  and  control  appa- 
ratus. 

Operation  of  AC  Machinery — Installation,  care 
and  operations  of  transformers,  alternators 
and  synchronous  motors,  induction  motors, 
synchronous  converters,  melrcury-arc  recti- 
fiers. Vibrating  rectifiers.  Vacuum  tube 
rectifiers. 

DIRECT  CURRENT  DYNAMO-ELECTRIC 
MACHINERY  (EE-2) — Permanent  and  tem- 
porary magnets.  Magnetic  flux  and  flux 
density.  Magneto-motive  force.  Reluctance. 
Magnetic  circuits.  Electro-magnetism.  The 
solenoid.  Magnetic  properties  of  iron  and 
steel.  Hysteresis.  Electromagnetic  induction. 

The  DC  Dynamo — The  armature.  The  commu- 
tator. The  frame.  Field  poles  and  yokes. 
Field  windings.  The  magnetic  circuit.  Field 
excitation.  Leakage.  Saturation  of  parts. 
Laminated  parts.  Principles  of  generator 
operation.  Characteristics  of  shunt,  series, 
and  compound  machines.  Parallel  operation. 
Starting  and  stopping.  Care  of  generators. 
Elements  of  commutation  and  factors  affect- 
ing it.  Principles  of  motor  operation. 
Motor  starters  and  controllers.  Service  re- 
quirements. Switchboards  and  accessories. 
Protective  devices.  Installation  of  motors 
and  generators. 

♦CALCULL'S  (Ma-8) — A simple  and  direct 
treatment  of  both  branches  of  the  calculus 
applied  to  problems  in  radio  engineering. 
Many  interesting  problems  discussed. 

RADIO  ENGINEERING  (Ra-1)— Fundamental 
Considerations — Nature  of  the  electric  field. 
Electron  theory.  Radiation  of  energy.  Study 
of  oscillatory  discharge  of  condenser.  Reso- 
nance phenomena.  Methods  of  coupling 
oscillatory  circuits.  Decrement  of  waves  in 
oscillatory  circuits. 

Antenna  Systems — Theory  of  radiation.  Closed 
and  open  circuit  oscillators.  Constants  of 
antenna  system.  Transmission  factors  and 
formula?.  Directional  characteristics.  Prac- 
tical construction. 

Damped  and  Undamped  Wave  Telegraphy — 
Transmitter  circuits  and  their  operation. 
Receiving  circuits.  Factors  affecting  the 
reception  of  signals.  Interference  consid- 
erations. Heterodyne  reception. 

The  Three-Electrode  Vacuum  Tube — Study  of 
hot-cathode  electron  emission  in  vacuo.  Fun- 
damental rectifying  properties.  Action  of 
the  third  electrode.  Theory  of  operation  of 
tube  as  detector,  amplifier  and  oscillator. 
Regenerative  circuits.  Application  of  tube 
as  oscillator  for  transmission. 

Radio  Telephone — Fundamental  problems.  Meth- 
ods of  modulation.  Methods  of  reception. 
Speech  distortion.  Multiplex  radiophone. 

Directional  Antennae — Principles.  Loop  an- 
tenna. Radio  goniometry.  Reduction  of 
interference. 

Miscellaneous  Applications  of  Radio  Circuits — 
Submarine  service.  Aeroplane  service.  Va- 
rious special  applications. 


Personal  Service  by  Instructors  Better  than  Textbooks 

Your  corrections  of  my  lessons  have  taught  me  more  how  to  figure  out  these  problems  than 
the  books  would,  for  you  explain  more  clearly  the  way  to  do  it.  I appreciate  your  considera- 
tion very  much. — CHAS.  W.  WAMBOUGH,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Appreciates  the  Quality  of  the  Textbooks 

The  books  you  sent  were  fine.  They  cover  the  subject  of  Radio  Telegraphy  from  A to  Z 
and  they  are  very  interesting,  something  rather  unusual  in  textbooks. — D.  H.  HOLDER, 
Pine  Bluffs,  Ark. 


In  the  Long  Run  Trained  Heads  U'in 


HE  nation’s  greatest  wealth  is  its  agriculture.  In  no  country  in  the 
world  is  there  so  much  good  land  or  such  a varied  agricultural  opportu- 


nity as  exists  in  America.  And  yet,  in  spite  of  our  modern  machinery, 
the  yield  of  our  soil  is  poor  as  compared  with  that  of  many  European  coun- 
tries. The  drift  toward  the  cities  has  undoubtedly  reached  its  limit.  The  high 
cost  of  city  rents  and  food,  and  the  great  improvement  in  living  conditions  in 
rural  communities,  brought  about  by  telephones,  automobiles,  good  roads,  and 
other  conveniences  formerly  enjoyed  only  in  the  cities,  make  it  obvious  that 
the  “back  to  the  farm”  movement  talked  of  for  years,  is  at  hand. 

Fortunately  there  is  now,  and  probably  will  be  for  some  years,  an  ample 
supply  of  good  land  that  can  be  had  at  reasonable  prices — land  where  a young 
man  may  erect  and  own  his  little  kingdom  where  there  is  healthful  sunshine, 
pure  invigorating  air,  and  good  surroundings  for  his  family;  where  he  can  be 
a more  contented  and  more  useful  citizen,  and  where  he  can  have  the  satisfac- 
tion of  enjoying  the  fruits  of  his  labors. 

The  day  of  haphazard  farming  is  passing.  Trusting  to  luck  and  guess- 
work, or  following  out-of-date  methods  is  to  live  in  the  rut  of  a hand-to-mouth 
existence.  The  modern  farmer  with  progressive  ideas  and  the  proper  high 
conception  of  his  vocation  conducts  farming  as  a science,  as  a profession,  and 
as  a business — all  of  which  require  specific  knowledge  and  technical  training. 

It  is  needless  to  say  that  the  best  possible  preparation  a young  man  should 
have  for  the  pursuit  of  an  agricultural  career  is  a reasonable  amount  of  prac- 
tical farming  experience.  However,  this  is  not  absolutely  necessary,  and  the 
man  who  is  thoroughly  interested  in  any  phase  of  farming  work  has  a wealth 
of  valuable  instruction  within  his  reach.  Perhaps  the  strongest  of  all  argu- 
ments for  studying  agriculture  by  correspondence  is  found  in  the  work  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.  Though  the  Department  lays  out  no 
formal  courses  of  study,  gives  no  reviews  and  affords  no  special  service  to 
students  of  modern  farming,  its  collected  data  and  the  results  of  its  experi- 
mental work  are  finally  put  into  printed  form  and  sent  out  through  the  mails. 

The  greatest  assistance  given  in  the  courses  of  study  offered  by  the  United 
Y.M.C.A.  Schools  is  the  combining  of  the  choicest  data  w'e  have  been  able  to 
secure  from  the  best  textbooks  and  authorities  in  the  United  States  into  a prac- 
tical modern  course,  whose  value  is  enhanced  by  capable  instruction.  When  the 
student  follows  his  course  to  completion,  he  should  have  a comprehensive, 
workable  knowledge  of  the  subject,  which  he  can  put  to  immediate  use. 


Instruction  by  Experienced  Men 


C.  B.  DOW 


At  the  head  of  the  Agricultural  Department 
is  Mr.  C.  B.  Dow,  a graduate  from  the  University 
of  Vermont  and  State  Agricultural  College.  His 
connection  with  farming,  both  practical  and  techni- 
cal, dates  from  the  high  school  age  when  he  was 
an  able  assistant  in  the  management  of  a large 
estate  where  he  lived.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war 
when  the  need  of  men  in  agricultural  lines  became 
acute,  Mr.  Dow  was  sent  to  the  Farm  and  Trades 
School  in  Boston  as  Instructor  of  Agriculture  and 
Farm  Manager.  After  serving  a year  and  a half 
in  this  capacity,  he  v as  enlisted  in  the  Army  as  an 
Instructor  of  Agriculture  in  a Development 
Battalion.  Mr.  Dow  is  assisted  by  capable  in- 
structors whose  training  and  experience  are  of 
great  aid  to  the  student. 


Detcrmimtion  Will  Achieve  Your  Desires 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


135 


Farm  Management 

(Ag-3x) 

Farm  management  is  concerned  with  each  individual  phase  of  farm  work 
and  the  relationship  that  it  bears  to  the  whole  farm  and  to  other  outside  enter- 
prises that  influence  the  profits.  To  be  successful  requires  good  judgment, 
practical  experience  and  a knowledge  of  the  underlying  principles  of  farming. 
These  facts  are  impressed  upon  every  student  throughout  the  entire  course. 
The  most  simple  and  practical  plans  that  can  be  used  are  fully  discussed  in 
such  a clear-cut  manner  that  they  are  easily  understood  and  applicable  to 
every-day  farm  work.  The  course  also  shows  the  farmer  how  to  sell  his  crops 
most  profitably. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


FARM  MANAGEMENT  (Ag-6)— Types  of 
Farms — Examples  of  influence  of  climate, 
soil  and  topography.  Relation  of  transpor- 
tation to  type  of  farming.  Personal  factor. 
Diversified  and  specialized  farming.  Sea- 
sonal distribution  of  labor.  Diversified  farm- 
ing on  dairy  farms.  Successful  types  of 
farming.  Intensive  farming.  Extensive  farm- 
ing. 

Maintaining  Fertility  of  Land — Decreasing  of 
crop  yields.  Ways  in  which  productivity 
may  be  decreased.  Maintaining  the  organic 
matter.  Maintaining  the  nitrogen  and  min- 
eral supply.  Methods  of  handling  manure. 

Live  Stock  Problems — Amount  of  live  stock  to 
keep.  Feeding  animals.  Animal  records. 
Relation  of  size  of  animal  to  efficiency.  De- 
preciation on  live  stock.  Increasing  value 
of  young  stock. 

Farm  Organization — Size  of  farms.  Capital. 
Methods  of  renting  land.  Man  labor.  Horse 


labor.  Substitution  of  engines  for  horses. 
B'arm  equipment.  Farm  arrangement.  Pas- 
tures and  fences.  Farmstead.  Garden.  Farm 
buildings.  Cropping  systems. 

Business  Methods — Kinds  of  accounts.  Ac- 
counts with  persons  or  firms.  Annual  in- 
ventory. Receipts  and  expenses.  Miscella- 
neous accounts.  Cost  accounts.  One  or  more 
crops.  Kinds  of  animals.  Details  of  cost 
accounting  and  other  methods  of  accounting, 
and  principles  involved. 

Marketing  of  Farm  Products — Fundamentals 
of  marketing.  Methods  of  sale.  Function 
and  organization  of  wholesale  produce  trade. 
Sale  by  auction.  Cost  of  marketing.  Cold 
storage.  Transportation  as  a factor  in  mar- 
keting. Prices  of  farm  products.  Produce 
exchanges.  Future  trading.  Inspection  and 
grading.  Types  of  markets.  Problems  of  re- 
tailing. 


Farm  Crops 

(Ag-8x) 

Undoubtedly  many  of  the  most  important  features  of  farm  crops  are  often 
overlooked  by  the  majority  of  farmers.  This  results  in  consequent  losses  to 
themselves  and  to  the  country,  for  the  business  of  raising  crops  has  not  pro- 
gressed as  rapidly  as  it  should  have  to  meet  the  ever  growing  needs  of  our 
increasing  population.  It  is  the  object  of  this  course  in  discussing  each  of  the 
important  crops  of  our  country  to  consider  carefully  every  factor  that  is 
primarily  responsible  for  increased  production.  From  the  preparation  of  the 
soil  to  the  selling  of  the  crop,  all  points  are  taken  up  in  logical  order  and  ex- 
plained in  a way  that  makes  them  adaptable  to  existing  conditions. 


Topics  Covered 

FARM  CROPS  (Ag-7) — Fundamental  Principles 
— Classification,  origin  and  distribution  of  field 
crops.  How  plants  grow.  Production  of  seeds. 

Corn — Comparative  study  of  cereals.  Cropping 
systems.  Raising  of  corn.  Climate  and  soil 
required.  Preparation  of  land.  Tillage.  Har- 
vesting and  utilizing  corn.  Corn  insects  and 
diseases.  Popcorn.  Sweet  corn.  Corn  judging. 

Grains — Origin  and  description  of  wheat  types. 
Wheat  culture.  Harvesting,  marketing  and 
utilizing  wheat.  Diseases  and  insect  enemies 
of  wheat.  Production  of  oats.  Culture  of 
oats.  Harvesting  and  utilizing  the  oat  crop. 
Production  of  barley.  Rye  production.  Buck- 
wheat production.  Sorghum. 


in  This  Course: 

Fibril  Plants — World  production  of  cotton.  Cot- 
ton culture.  Importance  of  flax  crop.  Cul- 
ture of  flax. 

Vegetables — Culture  of  Irish  potatoes.  Har- 
vesting of  Irish  potatoes.  Culture  of  sweet 
potatoes.  Harvesting  of  sweet  potatoes. 
Beans.  Peas.  Peanuts. 

Grasses — Characteristics  of  economic  grasses 
and  legumes.  Grass  mixtures.  Care  of  grass. 
Principal  cultivated  grasses.  Secondary 
grasses.  Millets.  Legumes.  Alfalfa.  Clovers. 

Tobacco — Production-  Culture.  Care  of  plants. 
Fertilizer.  Cultivation. 


Nou'  Solves  His  Farm  Problems  in  a NezvlVay 

I have  found  your  course  in  Farm  Management  very  beneficial.  It  has  opened  up  new  lines  of 
thought  and  new  methods  of  handling  farm  problems. 

—JOHN  W.  LIPSCOMB,  Lockhart,  Tex. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


136 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Agricultural  Chemistry 

(Ag-llx) 

Every  farmer  is  primarily  interested  in  increased  crop  and  animal  produc- 
tion, but  very  often  loses  sight  of  the  chemical  aspects  of  his  operations,  due 
chiefly  to  his  lack  of  knowledge  that  they  contain  the  underlying  principles  of 
his  success  or  failure.  The  knowledge  of  the  properties  of  his  soils,  fertilizers, 
feeds,  water,  etc.,  and  their  proper  application  is  essential  to  every  farmer’s 
prosperity  and  is  a valuable  asset.  Information  given  in  this  course  could  never 
be  obtained  from  practical  farm  work  alone,  but  once  it  is  secured  and  used  in 
working  out  the  problems  of  every-day  farming,  then  only  w'ill  the  “why”  and 
“wherefore”  of  each  phase  of  the  business  be  really  appreciated. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

AGRICULTl'RAL  CHEMISTRY  (Ag-21— Prin- 
ciples of  Chemistry — Elements.  Atomic 
weights.  Molecules.  Symbols.  Molecular 
weights.  Oxidation.  Reduction.  Compounds. 
Mixtures.  Valence.  Formulas.  Equations. 
Acids.  Bases.  Salts.  Anhydrides.  Dissociation. 
Nomenclature. 

Elements  in  Plant  Growth — Oxygen.  Nitrogen. 
Hydrogen.  Carbon.  Phosphorus.  Sulphur.  Po- 
tassium. Calcium.  Magnesium.  Iron.  Forms 
of  plant  food. 

Water — Properties  of  water.  Solvent  action  of 
water.  Availability  of  plant  food.  Drinking 
water.  Hardness  in  water.  Filtered  water. 
Boiled  water.  Distilled  water.  Water  re- 
quirements of  plants. 


Soils — Air  in  soils.  Formation.  Composition. 
Fertility. 

Fertilizers — Animal  manures.  Agricultural  lime. 
Mixing  of  fertilizers.  Calculation  of  formu- 
las. 

Animal  Nutrition — Classes  of  foods.  Calcula- 
tion of  rations.  Corn.  Oats.  Barley.  Dried 
brewer’s  grain.  Other  grains.  Cereals.  Veg- 
etables. 

Milk  and  Its  Products — Preservatives.  Testing. 
Babcock  test.  Specific  gravity.  Butter. 
Cheese.  Condensed  milk. 

Insecticides,  Fungicides,  and  Disinfectants — 
Classification  of  insects.  Control  methods. 
Spray  materials  and  application. 

Paints  and  Whitewashes — Paints.  Oils.  Driers. 
White  pigments.  Colored  pigments.  Mixing 
paints.  Whitewashes.  Calcimine.  Varnishes. 
Shellac.  Glue. 


Soils  and  Fertilizers 

(Ag-4x) 

Until  recent  years  little  attention  has  been  given  to  the  scientific  use  of 
the  nation’s  greatest  wealth — the  soil.  Today,  however,  we  find  that  men  are 
studying  and  finding  out  how  to  handle  their  soils  so  the  land  will  produce 
exceptionally  fine  crops  and  yield  satisfactory  profits.  This  is  a course  that  all 
who  are  agriculturally  inclined  should  study,  for  success  or  failure  is  generally 
attributed  to  the  handling  of  the  land  and  the  selection  and  raising  of  crops. 

The  material  benefits  of  this  study  will  be  readily  apparent  when  crop 
yields  are  increased  and  final  returns  are  in  many  cases  doubled  due  to  an 
actual  and  workable  knowledge  of  the  value  of  manure,  humus,  soil  bacteria, 
crop  rotation  and  the  conservation  of  plant  food  and  moisture. 


Topics  Covered 

SOILS  AND  FERTILIZERS  (Ag-11)— Soils. 
Classification.  Origination.  Composition. 
Economic  factors. 

Soil  Fertility  Factors — Soil.  Water.  Land  drain- 
age. Irrigation.  Silt.  Tillage.  Soil  organism. 
Soil  Management — Seeding.  Planting.  Cultiva- 
tion. 

Soil  Improvement — Crop  rotations  and  crop 


in  This  Course: 

systems.  Soil  erosion.  Marsh  soils.  Sands, 
clay  and  depleted  silt  loams.  Relation  to 
farm  management. 

Fertilization — Green  manure  crops.  Commer- 
cial fertilizers.  Home  mixture  of  fertilizers. 
Farmers’  and  fertilizers’  lands.  Back-yard 
manure  arrangement.  Use  of  fertilizers.  Ap- 
plication and  appliances  used  for  all  fertil- 
izers. Lime  as  a supplementary  constituent. 


Vegetable  Gardening 

(Ag-lOx) 

People  of  all  classes  in  our  towms  and  cities  and  on  our  farms  have  become 
intensely  interested  in  gardening.  In  many  cases  this  work  is  undertaken  as  a 
means  of  reducing  household  expenses,  or  as  a business  proposition  by  the 
production  of  truck  for  sale.  Fresh  vegetables  of  high  quality  may  not  be  ob- 
tainable even  though  the  cash  is  available  for  the  exorbitant  prices  demanded, 
and  a garden  in  the  back-yard  helps  to  solve  this  household  problem.  The 


Your  Ship  May  A’of  Come  in  Unless  You  Have  Sent  One  Out 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


137 


farmer,  city  man,  or  truck  gardener  will  find  that  this  course  will  meet  his  in- 
dividual needs  and  give  him  a practical  working  knowledge  of  the  planting, 
cultivating,  harvesting,  packing,  marketing,  and  selling  of  his  crops. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

VEGETABLE  GARDENING  (Ag-4)— Types  of 


Vegetable  Growing — Market  gardening.  Truck 
farming.  Growing  vegetables  for  the  can- 
nery. Home  vegetable  gardening. 

Principles  of  Vegetable  Cultivation — Soil  and 
location.  Factors  influencing  the  quality  of 
vegetables.  Seed  supply.  Plant  food  supply. 
Moisture  supply.  Temperature  factor.  Trans- 
planting. Use  of  glass  in  vegetable  growing. 
Preparation  of  soil  for  planting.  Planting 
of  seeds.  Controlling  insects  and  diseases 
that  attack  vegetable  crops. 


Classification  of  Vegetables — Cool  season  crops 
that  quickly  reach  edible  maturity.  Trans- 
planted crops  that  mature  before  the  heat  of 
summer.  Late  cabbage  and  similar  crops. 
Onions.  Potatoes.  Beans.  Sweet  corn  and 
other  crops  of  similar  cultural  requirements. 
Vine  crops.  Warm  season  crops  that  require 
transplanting. 

Marketing  and  Harvesting — Care  of  vegetables 
between  harvesting  and  marketing.  Packing 
sheds.  Preparation  of  vegetables  for  market. 
Selling  the  crop.  Storage  for  winter  use. 


Productive  Orcharding 

(Ae-5x) 

A realization  of  the  value  of  our  apple  crop  is  self-evident  when  we  con- 
sider that  this  crop  returns  90%  of  the  value  of  pome  fruits  and  60%  of  the 
total  income  secured  from  all  orchard  fruits. 

Never  has  there  been  so  great  a demand  for  orchard  products  as  at  the 
present  time.  It  is  with  this  fact  in  mind  that  the  methods  of  variety,  selec- 
tion, cultivation,  fertilization,  spraying,  harvesting,  grading  and  other  impor- 
tant phases  of  orcharding  are  discussed.  The  business  of  fruit  growing  is 
highly  profitable  if  it  is  thoroughly  understood  and  the  proper  methods  are 
carried  out. 

The  course  is  arranged  by  a presentation  of  each  phase  of  fruit  growing 
in  the  most  logical  and  comprehensive  manner  and  in  a brief  yet  complete 
form  so  that  it  is  easily  applied  to  the  farm  orchard  of  any  size. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

PRODUCTIVE  ORCHARDING  (Ag-10)— Out- 


look  for  Orcharding — As  an  occupation.  Over 
production.  Insects.  Diseases.  The  right  man. 

Planting  and  Culture — Orchard  lands.  Select- 
ing varieties.  Buying  nursery  stock.  Estab- 
lishing the  orchard.  Propagation.  Cropping 
the  orchard.  Orchard  culture.  Orchard  im- 
plements. Fertilizers. 

Care  of  Orchard — Cover  crops.  Pruning.  Or- 
chard insects.  Diseases  of  fruit  trees.  Spray- 


ing apparatus.  Spraying  materials.  Spray- 
ing campaign.  Renovating  old  orchards. 

Marketing  Crop — Picking  and  handling  fi*uit. 
Storing  fruit.  Grading  and  packing.  Mar- 
keting. Advertising. 

Laws  Affecting  Orcharding — Local  administra- 
tion. National  laws.  Canadian  laws  and 
regulations.  United  States  laws.  Fruit  stand- 
ardization. Regulating  commission  mer- 
chants. 


Farm  Forestry 

(Ag-2x) 

How  many  farmers  pay  as  much  attention  to  their  woodlot  as  to  the 
crops  which  they  raise?  When  properly  established  and  cared-for  there  is  an 
attractive  profit  in  the  farm  woodlot.  It  is  the  purpose  of  this  course  to  aid 
the  student  in  discovering  the  best  ways  and  means  to  make  money  from  this 
usually  neglected  source.  The  instruction  is  practical  and  easy  to  understand. 
It  is  designed  for  every-day  use  on  the  farm. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

pass.)  Forest  utilization.  Sogging.  Skidding. 
Felling.  Timber  estimation.  Cordwood  meas- 
urements. 

Products  and  By-products  of  the  Woodlot — 
How  to  make  maple  sugar.  Preservation  of 
woods. 

Forest  Influences — Effect  on  land.  Run-off  of 
w’ater.  Evaporation. 

Rules,  Laws,  Tables. 


FAKJMl  FUKESTKY  (Ag-3) — The  Farm  Wood- 
lot — Place  in  farm  management.  Capabilities. 
Location.  Clearing  a farm. 

Botany  of  Woodlot  Trees — Description.  Habitat. 
Classification.  Value.  Use.  The  farm  nursery. 
Regeneration  of  woodlots.  Tree  plantings. 
Farm  Woodlot  Management — Thinning.  Forest 
protection.  Mensuration.  (Finding  the  area 
of  a woodlot  by  use  of  an  ordinary  com- 


Spare-hour  education  is  offered  by  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  on  the  platform 
of:  (1)  the  most  seri/ice  for  the  least  money;  (2)  careful  guidance  in  the  choice  of  a 
course  for  every  applicant;  (3)  the  personal  interest  of  a competent  and  sympathetic 
teacher;  (4)  as  much  encouragement  to  complete  a course  as  to  begin  one. 


138 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Dairying 

(Ag-9x) 

This  course  deals  with  information  that  has  been  worked  out  by  long 'ex- 
perience in  dairy  regions  and  clearly  demonstrates  that  the  most  important 
source  of  income  of  American  farmers  is  dairy  farming.  The  vast  amount  of 
information  regarding  dairying  has  been  arranged  in  a compact  and  useful 
manner,  including  discussions  of  all  up-to-date  methods  and  machinery  which 
have  proven  to  be  of  practical  and  financial  value  to  the  industry. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


DAIRYING  (Ag-5)  Dairy  Breeds — History.  Or- 
igin. Characteristics.  Relative  importance  of 
breeds.  Starting  a dairy  herd. 

Care  and  Management  of  Dairy  Cows — How  to 
milk.  Feeding  (winter  and  summer).  Dairy 
bams.  Common  ailments  of  cattle,  and  rem- 
edies. Computation  of  rations.  Calf  raising. 


Milk — Production  and  handling.  Certified  milk. 
The  farm  milk  house.  The  Babcock  test. 
Market  milk.  The  use  of  the  lactometer. 
Grading  and  selling.  Standards  of  purity. 
Dairy  Products — Cream  separation  and  separa- 
tors. Ripening  cream.  Butter  making  and 
marketing.  Dairy  and  cottage  cheese.  Ice 
cream  manufacture  and  formulas. 


Breeding  and  Feeding  of  Livestock 

(Ag-7x) 

To  make  a farm  productive  and  profitable  the  economical  feeding  of  farm 
animals  is  imperative,  and  to  accomplish  this  result  a knowledge  of  the  value 
to  be  had  from  any  feed  is  only  obtainable  by  knowing  something  of  the  com- 
position of  feeds,  the  product  produced,  and  the  factors  that  affect  the  value 
of  a feed.  Each  class  of  animals  demands  a different  treatment  in  care,  man- 
agement, feeding  and  breeding.  This  course  is  arranged  to  .meet  these  requi- 
sites in  a most  comprehensive  and  practical  way,  so  that  it  is  readily  applicable 
to  the  every-day  needs  of  stockman  or  farmer. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BREEDING  AND  FEEDING  OF  LIVESTOCK 
(Ag-8| — Horses — Breeds.  Judging  horses. 
Principles  of  feeding.  Feeding  the  horse. 
Care  and  management  of  horses. 

Cattle — Breeds  of  cattle.  Feeding  dairy  cattle. 
Food  requirements  for  milk.  Care  and  man- 
agement of  dairy  cattle.  Sanitary  milk. 
Dairy  barn.  Feeding  beef  cattle.  Care  and 
management  of  beef  cattle. 

Sheep — Breeds  of  sheep.  Judging  sheep.  Feed- 


ing sheep.  Fattening  sheep.  Care  and  man- 
agement of  sheep. 

Swine — Breeds  of  swine.  Judging  swine.  Food 
requirements  of  swine.  Feeding  of  swine. 
Fattening  swine.  Care  and  management  of 
swine. 

Poultry — Breeds  of  poultry.  Judging  poultry. 
Essentials  of  feeding  poultry.  Feeding  for 
meat  production.  Feeding  for  egg  produc- 
tion. Care  and  management  of  poultry. 


Economic  Disease  and  Insect  Control 

(Ag-6x) 

The  great  los.ses  sustained  by  the  depredations  of  fungus,  insect,  and  dis- 
ease enemies  of  our  farm,  garden,  and  orchard  crops,  have  reached  high  fig- 
ures, and  it  has  become  necessary  to  understand  thoroughly  the  essential 
points  of  their  proper  control  if  we  are  to  secure  greater  and  more  economical 
yields.  By  study  of  the  causes  of  and  cures  for  destructive  pests  a world  of 
information  is  opened  to  the  farmer.  It  results  in  supplying  him  with  valuable 
assistance  in  combating  the  forces  that  damage  his  crops  and  reduce  his  profits. 


Topics  Covered 

ECONOMIC  DISEASE  AND  INSECT  CON- 
TROL (Ag-9) — Insects — Injury  to  crops  by 
insect  pests.  Beneficial  insects.  Predaceous 
and  parasitic  insects.  Structure  and  devel- 
opment of  insects.  Farm  methods  for  the 
control  of  insects. 


in  This  Course: 

Insect  Control — Paris  green.  London  purple. 
Arsenate  of  lead.  Arsenite  of  lime.  Insecti- 
cides. Atomizers.  Bucket  pumps.  Compressed 
air  sprayers.  Knap-sack  pumps.  Barrel 
pumps.  Other  spraying  apparatus. 

Insects  Injurious  to — Grains.  Vegetables.  Fruit. 
Berries. 


Delighted  veith  Productive  Orcharding  Course 

I have  just  completed  your  Productive  Orcharding  Course  and  have  been  delighted  with  every 
lesson.  The  course  throws  light  on  the  dark  spots  of  orcharding  in  a most  pleasant  and  fas- 
cinating way. — SILAS  C.  HANSEN,  4926  Kinzie  St.,  Chicago,  III. 

Study  JVill  Bring  You  Increased  Profits 


I 


(Ag-lx) 

N the  annual  value  of  its  products,  poultry  husbandry 
ranks  as  one  of  the  leading  agricultural  specialties  of 
America.  It  is  frequently  referred  to  as  “the  billion 
dollar  industry,”  and  its  importance  in  our  economic  life  is 
rapidly  increasing.  Figured  in  dollars  and  cents  it  is  truly 
“big  business,”  yet  a business  in  which  anyone  controlling 
a small  area  of  vacant  land,  or  even  a roomy  back  yard, 
can  have  a part.  From  such  small  beginnings  many  of 
America’s  greatest  poultry  farms  have  grown  in  a com- 
paratively short  time. 

Whether  you  are  a spare-time  poultry  man  or  woman, 
or  a fancier  of  fine  “birds”  or  a farmer  owning  a few  fowls, 
this  course  will  give  you  the  scientific  knowledge  that  will 
insure  your  success  in  the  raising  of  chickens  and  the  production  of  eggs.  The 
knowledge  and  experience  of  the  foremost  poultry  experts  of  this  country  and 
Canada  are  written  into  this  excellent  course  to  give  the  student  a most  com- 
plete and  comprehensive  education  in  poultry  husbandry. 


THOM.^S  F.  MCGREW 


Instructors 


This  course  was  written  by  Harry  G.  Forster,  assisted  by  such  other 
eminent  poultry  authorities  as  Prof.  Frederick  H.  Stoneburn;  Prof.  F.  C. 
Elfort,  Dominion  Poultry  Husbandman;  M.  L.  Chapman,  General  Manager  of 
Wilburtha  Poultry  Farms;  and  John  S.  Martin,  B.A.,  Member  of  Board  of 
Directors,  American  Poultry  Association. 

Thomas  F.  McGrew,  who  has  personal  supervision  of  the  work  of  the 
students,  is  exceptionally  well  fitted  for  this  important  work.  He  has  an 
international  reputation  as  a poultry  authority,  having  devoted  a long  and 
active  life  to  the  betterment  of  the  industry.  He  has  made  a big  success  as 
a poultry  fancier  and  breeder,  a poultry  judge,  a writer  and  editor,  and  the 
author  of  standard  poultry  bulletins  and  textbooks. 


Topics  Covered 

POULTRY  HUSBANDRY  (Ag-1)  — Poultry 
Business — Past,  present,  and  future.  Per- 
sonal qualifications  for  success.  Possibilities 
and  importance  of  poultry  business.  Why 
women  are  successful  with  chickens.  Why 
farmers  are  successful.  Value  of  experi- 
mental stations.  Survey  of  poultry  condi- 
tions and  chances  for  success. 

Discussion  of  Breeds — Popular  fowls  illustrated 
and  discussed.  Advantages  and  drawbacks 
of  each  breed.  Parts  of  fowl’s  body  dis- 
cussed. History  of  breeds.  Fancy  and 
utility  fowls. 

Housing  Problems — Houses  for  various  parts 
of  country.  Laying,  breeding,  brooding,  and 
other  quarters.  Plans  for  poultry  houses. 
Moisture  and  ventilation  problems.  Founda- 
tions, floors,  roofs,  etc.  Egg  room.  Incu- 
bator cellar.  Work  quarters. 

Artificial  and  Natural  Incubation  — Care  of 
hatching  eggs.  Selection  of  hatching  eggs. 
Care  of  incubators.  Care  of  setting  hen. 
Coal,  oil,  gas,  and  electric  incubators.  Ad- 
vantages and  drawbacks  of  hatching  devices. 

Care  of  Chicks — Under  hens.  Types  of  brood- 
ers. Feeding  and  care  of  chicks  with  hens, 


in  This  Course: 

with  brooders.  Feeding  schedules.  Regula- 
tion of  brooders. 

Care  of  Growing  Stock — Proper  range.  Feed- 
ing growing  stock.  Interior  sanitary  pre- 
cautions. Care  of  breeding  fowls  and  of 
capons.  How  to  feed  broilers.  Fattening 
formulas. 

Care  and  Selection  of  Breeders  and  Layers — 
Care  and  feeding  of  layers.  Handling  of 
nervous  breeds.  Care  and  selection  of  breed- 
ers. Mating  breeds.  Insuring  strong  chicks. 

Artificial  Lights  for  Poultry  — Methods  of 
using  lights.  When  to  use  lights. 

Back  Yard  Poultry — Methods  of  keeping  poul- 
try in  back  yards.  Kind  of  stock  and  how 
to  buy.  Selling  problems. 

Marketing — Selling  to  hotels,  high-class  gro- 
ceries, hospitals,  etc.  How  to  pack  and  ship 
eggs  and  poultry.  Mediums  for  advertising. 
Writing  advertisements. 

Poultry  Costs — How  to  figure  production  costs 
of  poultry  and  eggs.  Daily,  weekly,  monthly 
and  yearly  accounts. 

Poultry  Diseases — All  diseases  studied.  Latest 
vaccine  treatment.  How  to  keep  poultry 
free  from  disease.  Bad  habits,  prevention 
and  cure.  Special  expert  to  answer  questions. 


Don’t  be  a mental  midget  or  just  the  ’’ general  run"  of  man.  Scientists 
declare  that  the  mind  of  the  ‘‘general  run”  of  man  grazes  very  little 
after  he  is  eighteen  or  tzeenty  years  old.  ' 


Farming,  the  greatest  and  most  important  of  all  American  industries, 
has  in  recent  years  been  marked  with  the  indelible  stamp  of  progress. 
From  a haphazard  pursuit  of  uncertain  results  it  has  developed  into  a 
modern  scientific  profession.  Many  labor  and  time  saving  inventions,  and  the 
knowledge  gained  by  years  of  careful  research,  are  now  placed  at  the  command 
of  the  farmer.  He  can  run  his  farm  on  a scientific  basis  that  will  insure  the 
best  results.  He  can  at  the  same  time  enjoy  living  comforts  equal  to  those  of 
the  modern  city  home. 

From  the  experience  and  research  work  of  others  it  is  possible  to  locate 
the  various  outbuildings  of  the  farm  so  that  the  farmer  can  carry  on  his  oper- 
ations with  the  greatest  facility.  Practically  every  farm  operation,  whether 
plowing,  planting  or  reaping,  is  now  done  by  machinery  that  has  supplanted  hu- 
man labor.  In  place  of  the  ox,  the  mule  or  the  horse,  tractors  now  do  the  work 
of  ten  animals  in  half  the  time.  To  know  these  various  pieces  of  machinery  so 
necessary  to  modern  and  efficient  farm  operation,  and  how  best  to  maintain 
them,  will  save  the  farmer  a great  many  dollars.  But  progress  does  not  stop  there. 

Science  has  taught  the  modern  farmer  how  best  to  utilize  the  natural 
resources  of  his  land.  It  has  given  him  many  conveniences.  It  has  transformed 
the  rural  home  from  a condition  of  isolation  to  one  of  town  advantages.  The 
water  of  the  brook  or  stream  that  has  for  centuries  past  flowed  peacefully 
onward  undisturbed  by  the  hand  of  man,  can  now  be  harnessed  to  work.  Not 
only  will  it  irrigate  arid  lands,  but  it  will  furnish  power  that  turns  the  wheels 
of  labor.  It  will  give  the  power  for  heat  and  light.  By  mechanical  means 
water  can  be  brought  to  the  kitchen,  the  bathroom,  or  any  other  part  of  the 
farm,  giving  the  farmer  urban  conveniences  that,  with  the  telephone  and  the 
automobile,  have  eliminated  the  discomforts  of  farm  life  and  have  helped  to 
make  farming  one  of  the  best  and  most  pleasurable  professions. 

Personal  Instruction 

A corps  of  capable  instructors,  each  experienced  in  his  special  branch  of 
rural  engineering,  takes  a close  personal  interest  in  the  progress  of  each  stu- 
dent. The  student  will  remember  what  he  learns.  He  will  be  able  to  apply  the 
knowledge  he  acquires  to  his  every-day  work. 


Farm  Engineering 

(RE-8x) 

The  scientific  farmer  is  the  one  who  gets  the  most  profit  from  the  cultiva- 
tion of  his  land.  His  crops  are  abundant.  His  house  has  all  the  comforts  of 
the  city  home.  His  farm  is  generally  free  from  all  encumbrance.  He  has  no 
problems  that  should  worry  him.  This  course  goes  into  every  phase  of  Farm 
Engineering  and  supplies  the  student  with  the  training  necessary  to  help  him 


become  an  efficient,  scientific  farmer. 

Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)  — Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equif'inent,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and  the 
use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

•ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 


* Optional.  (See  Page  12.) 


in  This  Course: 

lems.  Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 
■^TRIGONOMETRY  lMa-4) — Logarithms  and 
how  to  use  them.  Engineering  problems  in 
which  logarithms  must  be  used  and  also 
problems  in  which  it  is  convenient  to  use 
them.  Trigonometry  in  its  varied  uses  in 
the  engineering  held.  Some  of  the  more  im- 
portant graphical  problems. 

FARM  DRAFTING  (RE-7)— Practice  and  use 
of  instruments.  Principles  of  orthographic 
drawing.  Freehand  sketching.  Lettering. 
Working  drawings  of  buildings  and  machin- 
ery. Designing  of  farm  structures.  Map  and 
topographical  drawing.  Construction  data. 
FARM  WATER  SUPPLY  (RE-2)— Advantages 
and  convenience  of  pure  water.  Dangers  of 


Let  Vour  Home  be  Your  College 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


141 


impure  water.  Methods  of  purification.  Sup- 
plies from  underground  waters.  wells, 
springs,  rivers,  lakes  and  rain  water  cist- 
erns. Various  types  of  pumps  and  their  op- 
eration. Installation  of  pumping  systems. 
Use  of  pneumatic  tanks.  Hydraulic  siphons. 
Piping  the  water  supp.y.  Disposal  of  drain- 
age through  cesspools.  Septic  tanks  and 
other  installations. 

FARM  DRAINAGE  (REl-l) — Drainage  as  re- 
lated to  soi.s  and  the  practical  benefits. 
Kinds  of  drains.  Location  of  drains.  Ar- 
rangements, size  and  depth  of  drains.  Lev- 
els and  grades.  Preparation  of  plans.  Con- 
struction of  drains  and  their  appurtenances. 
Methods  of  excavation.  Records  of  drainage 
projects.  Cooperative  drainage.  Drainage  of 
various  kinds  of  soil.  Drainage  of  irrigated 
lands.  Control  of  hill  waters. 

FARM  WATER  POWERS  (RE-3)— Develop- 
ment of  small  streams.  Limitations  of 
streams.  Measuring  their  value  by  weirs,  etc. 
Development  of  electricity.  Operation  of 
farm  machinery.  Equipment  such  as  turbine 
wheels  and  rim  leverage  wheels.  Dams.  Con- 
duits. Use  of  concrete  and  its  manufacture. 
Installation  of  equipment. 


AGRICULTURAL  CHEMISTRY  (Ag-2)— Ele- 
ments. Formulas  and  equations.  Bases.  El- 
ements necessary  for  plant  growth.  Forma- 
tion. composition  and  fertility  of  soils,  her- 
tilizers.  Animal  nutrition.  Feeds  and  cal- 
culations of  rations. 

TRACTORS  AND  FARM  MACHINERY  (RE-4) 
Sources  of  power.  Internal  combustion  en- 
gines. Steam  engines  and  boilers.  Steam 
and  gas  tractors.  Stationary  gasoline  and 
kerosene  engines. 

FARM  BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (RE-5) 
— Construction  of  frame  buildings.  Concrete 
in  frame  buildings.  Design  and  construction 
of  farm  houses. 

PLAIN  CONCRETE  C0NSTRUCTI0N(CE-13) 
— Cements,  limes  and  aggregates.  Specifica- 
tions and  tests.  Proportioning  of  materials. 
Construction  of  forms.  Mixing  and  handling 
of  concrete.  Elementary  principles  of  rein- 
forced concrete  and  its  strength.  Concrete 
surface  finishes.  Stucco  and  plaster  work. 
Water-proofing  and  coloring  concrete.  Pre- 
cast concrete  shapes.  Sidewalks.  Floors. 
Roads.  Tanks.  Cisterns.  Silos.  Small  highway 
bridges  and  culverts. 


Farm  Water  Supply 

(RE-3x)  • 

Bring  the  conveniences  of  the  city  to  your  farm  and  at  the  same  time 
safeguard  your  family  and  stock  against  unhealthful  water.  Impure  water 
can  be  made  pure.  The  water  supply  can  be  brought  into  your  kitchen  and 
bathroom  and  even  into  your  barns  by  mechanical  means,  thus  eliminating  the 
necessity  of  having  to  go  out  to  the  pump.  How  best  to  utilize  your  water 
resources  and  install  all  the  necessary  plumbing  fixtures  are  taught  in  a practi- 
cal manner.  The  course  will  be  interesting  to  the  farmer  and  to  the  country 
surveyor  who  wishes  to  engage  in  rural  engineering. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

FARM  WATER  SUPPLY  (RE-2)— Design, 
construction  and  maintenance  of  small  water 
supplies. 

Advantages  of  Pure  Water  Supply — Conve- 


nience of  water  indoors.  Dangers  of  impure 
water.  Methods  of  purification. 

Sources  of  Water  Supply — Underground  waters. 
Wells  and  their  protection.  Springs,  rivers, 
lakes  and  rain  waters. 

Pumps  and  Pumping — Action  of  air  as  applied 
to  pumps.  Methods  of  operation.  Standard 
types  of  pumps.  Methods  of  installation. 
Running  water  produced  by  pneumatic  tanks. 
Use  of  hydraulic  siphon. 

Plumbing  and  Sewage  Disposal — Installation  of 
piping.  Discussion  of  cesspools.  Septic 
tanks  Other  methods  of  sewage  disposal. 


Farm  Drainage 

(RE-2x) 

Each  year  millions  of  dollars  are  lost  by  farmers  because  they  neglect  to 
drain  their  land  properly.  The  undrained  areas  are  often,  if  not  generally,  the 
richest  portions  of  a farm.  In  every  state  there  are  thousands  of  farms  that 
could  produce  much  larger  crops  if  an  efficient  drainage  system  were  installed. 
There  are  many  opportunities  in  every  farming  region  for  the  man  with  a 
technical  knowledge  of  farm  drainage  as  taught  in  this  course.  It  will  not  only 
prove  of  value  to  the  farmer,  but  to  the  student  of  agriculture. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

FARM  DRAINAGE  (RE-1) — Design,  construc- 


tion and  maintenance  of  farm  drainage  sys- 
tems. 

General  Considerations — Soil  as  related  to 
drainage.  Artificial  drainage.  Practical  ben- 
efits. Kinds  of  drains.  Drainage  systems 
and  their  location. 

Drain  Construction — Spacing.  Depth.  Methods 
of  determining  the  required  sizes  of  drains. 
Determination  of  levels  and  grades.  Best 


By  Comparison  "V”  Instruction  is  Best 


142 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


means  of  preparing  paper  plans.  Laying 
trench  tile.  Silt  basins.  Inlets  and  outlets. 
Use  of  excavating  machinery. 

Managing  Drainage  Projects — Compiling  and 
preserving  records  of  drainage  work.  Costs 


and  financial  considerations.  Cooperation  in 
prosecuting  drainage  projects. 

Special  Problems  of  Drainage — Drainage  on 
farm  premises.  Road  drainage.  Muck  lands. 
Salt  marshes.  Alkali  lands  in  humid  regions. 
River  and  creek  bottoms.  Irrigated  lands. 
Special  treatment  to  prevent  side  hill  erosion. 


Farm  Water  Powers 

(RE-4x) 

Every  farmer  who  has  a brook  or  large  stream  on  his  farm  should  learn 
how  to  make  that  stream  work  for  him.  Through  a study  of  this  course  he 
will  be  able  to  turn  this  latent  energy  into  a valuable  w^orking  tool  that  will 
increase  his  production  efficiency.  This  course  will  not  only  be  of  value  to  the 
farmer,  but  also  to  the  country  surveyor,  as  it  sets  forth  the  methods  of  devel- 
oping water  power  for  every  use  on  the  farm. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

FARM  WATER  POWERS  (RE-3)— Investiga- 
tion. construction  and  operation  of  small 
water  powers. 


Estimating  the  Opportunity — Small  stream  de- 
velopments, their  limitations,  estimating 
their  value.  Measurement  by  weirs.  Elec- 
tricity from  small  water  powers.  Irrigation, 
drainage  and  water  supply  handled  by  water 
power.  Operation  of  farm  machinery. 

Equipment  Required — Turbine  wheels.  Rim  lev- 
erage wheels.  Dams  for  collecting  water. 
Conduits  for  carrying  water.  Concrete  con- 
struction. Installation  of  equipment. 


Farm  Drafting 

(RE-7x) 

A course  for  farmers  or  farmer’s  sons,  giving  them  sufficient  knowledge 
of  drafting  methods  to  enable  them  to  design  and  make  plans  for  buildings  and 
other  improvements.  It  is  part  of  the  complete  course  in  farm  engineering. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 


tice m the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 


explanations,  and  calculations  involving 
arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations  em- 
phasized throughout. 

FARM  DRAFTING  (RE-7)— Practice  and  use 
of  instruments.  Principles  of  orthographic 
drawing.  Freehand  sketching.  Lettering. 
Working  drawings  of  buildings  and  machin- 
ery. Farm  structure  of  designing.  Map  and 
topographical  drawing.  Construction  data. 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

NOTE. — Mathematics  and  drafting  7nay  be  studied  together. 


Farm  Building  Construction 

(RE-6x) 

The  course  is  prepared  particularly  for  progressive  farmers  who  desire  to 
study  modern  designs  of  farm  buildings  and  their  construction.  Farmers  will 
find  this  course  an  aid  in  planning  or  remodeling  their  farm  buildings. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 


tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  tiecessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instrtiments,  furnished — no  additional  cost. 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations,  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  plane 

NOTE. — Mathematics  and  drafting  may 


surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 

FARM  DRAFTING  (RE-7)— Plates  on  prac- 
tice and  use  of  instruments.  Principles  of 
orthographic  drawing.  Freehand  sketching. 
Lettering.  Working  drawings  of  buildings 
and  machinery.  Designing  of  farm  struc- 
tures. Map  and  topographical  drawing.  Con- 
struction data. 

FARM  BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (RE-5) 
— Construction  of  frame  buildings.  Concrete 
in  farm  buildings.  Design  and  construction 
of  farm  houses. 


be  studied  together. 

Release  Your  Abilities  from  Bondage 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


143 


Farm  Mechanics 


(RE-lx) 

Modern  farming  conditions  have  developed  rapidly  during  the  past  few 
years.  As  a result  the  daily  drudgery  endured  by  the  farmer  of  the  past  is 
now  for  the  most  part  performed  by  mechanical  energy  that  not  only  makes  his 
work  easier  and  more  enjoyable,  but  results  in  better  and  more  prolific  crops. 
Satisfaction  and  also  profitable  returns  are  dependent  upon  a thorough  knowl- 
edge of  farm  machinery.  This  course  will  meet  the  mechanical  needs  of  the 
farmer  from  every  angle.  It  not  only  demonstrates  the  construction,  use  and 
repairs  necessary  for  all  kinds  of  farm  implements  and  other  machinery,  but 
also  covers  in  detail  their  care  and  upkeep. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


FARM  MECHANICS  (ME-19) — Farm  carpen- 
try tools.  Rope.  Hammer  repairs.  Plans. 
Soldering.  Babbitting.  Harrows.  The  cream 
separator.  Seeding  machinery.  Harvesting 
machinery.  Haying  machinery.  Threshing 
machinery.  Manure  spreaders.  Corn  ma- 
chinery. Feed  mills.  Road  machinery.  Wag- 
ons. Pumps.  Animal  motors.  Windmills. 
Steam  boilers.  Steam  engines.  Gas,  oil  and 
alcohol  engines.  Steam  and  gas  tractors. 
Electrical  machinery.  The  farm  shop. 


Detailed  Descriptions  with  Drawings  and  Speci- 
fications for  Making — Saw  horse.  Double- 
tree.  Orchard  solder.  Hay  rack.  Wagon 
box.  Top  wagon  box.  Stock  rack  for  wagon 
box.  Self-feeder  for  hogs.  Sheep  feeding 
rack.  Hog  and  sheep  shipping  crate.  Stitch- 
ing horse.  Packing  table  for  boxing  apples. 
Packing  table  for  barrelling  apples.  Water 
trough.  Bag  holder.  Kitchen  table. 


Tractors  and  Farm  Machinery 

(RE-5x) 

On  the  modern  farm  the  use-of  power  and  machinery  to  do  work  formerly 
done  by  hand  or  animal  power,  is  becoming  more  and  more  prevalent.  The 
knowledge  and  ability  to  select  the  tractor  or  machine  best  adapted  to  the 
work,  and  to  operate  and  maintain  it,  is  of  inestimable  value  to  the  farm  oper- 
ator or  owner.  This  course  gives  the  student  the  knowledge  that  will  enable 
him  to  fulfill  the  above  requirements. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

TRACTORS  AND  FARM  MACHINERY(RE-4) 
— Internal  Combustion  Engines — Types. 

Horse  power.  Mechanical  construction.  Prin- 
ciples of  operation.  Adjustment  of  carburet- 
ors. Magnetos.  Batteries.  Ignition  systems. 
Timing  ignition.  Methods  of  lubrication. 
Oils.  Greases.  Power.  Speed.  Operating 
cost  of  internal  combustion  engines.  Farm 


engines.  The  gas  tractor.  Getting  most 
power  out  of  fuel.  Tractor  requirements. 
Overhauling  a tractor. 

Steam  Power — Types  of  steam  boilers,  care 
and  repair.  Boiler  accessories.  Prevention 
and  removal  of  scale.  Types  of  steam  en- 
gines, operation,  care  and  repair.  Operation, 
care  and  repair  of  steam  tractors. 

Farm  Machinery — Windmills.  Tillage,  harvest- 
ing and  threshing  machinery.  Pumping  ma- 
chinery. 


Appreciates  Interest  Instructors  Took  in  His  Work 

Now  that  I have  completed  the  Farm  Management  Course,  I wish  to  thank  you  very  much 
for  your  help  all  through  the  course.  The  way  you  have  corrected  my  papers,  and  the  interest 
that  you*  have  taken  in  me  and  my  work  is  so  much  more  than  I expected  when  I started. 
I think  that  I may  be  back  with  you  again  sometime. 

The  course  I have  just  completed  is,  in  my  opinion,  all  that  could  be  expected  and  is  certainly 
a very  great  help  to  farmers  and  would-be  farmers. — LOUIS  O.  OLESEN,  Lake  Wilson,  Minn. 

Tractors  and  Farm  Machinery  Course  Exceeds  Expectations 

I am  very  grateful  for  the  kind  attention  and  remarks  you  have  made  and  given  on  my  work, 
and  the  course  has  (though  not  yet  completed)  far  exceeded  expectations. — FREDERICK  J. 
KING,  Calgary,  Alberta,  Canada. 

Poultry  Course  as  Good  as  Conferences  with  Experts 

I have  read  considerably  among  the  available  poultry  books  and  magazines,  and  the  study  of 
your  course  is  by  far  the  most  profitable  reading  I have  done  . . . for  it  gives  a thorough  and 
honest  discussion  of  all  sides  of  each  question,  leaving  it  to  the  good  judgment  of  the  stu- 
dent as  to  which  method  would  give  the  best  results  in  his  particular  case.  After  studying 
each  lesson,  I feel  as  though  I had  met  in  conference  all  those  who  have  successfully  accom- 
plished certain  results  with  poultry,  and  had  the  frank  advice  and  combined  best  judgment  of 
all  of  them.— THEODORE  N.  BATES,  Elyria,  Ohio. 


Knowledge  Pays  Big  Dividends 


WITH  the  development  of  railway  transportation  and  the  modem  loco- 
motive, the  duties  of  railway  men  throughout  the  country  have  become 
correspondingly  more  complex  and  exacting.  This  applies  particularly 
to  the  locomotive  engineer. 

The  locomotive  of  twenty  years  ago  compares  with  the  modern  locomotive 
much  as  a tug  boat  compares  with  the  giant  battleship.  It  represents  a huge 
power  plant,  doing  as  much  work  as  twelve  to  fifteen  ordinary  stationary 
engines  whose  power  is  supplied  by  as  many  boilers.  In  the  locomotive  of  to- 
day, there  are  two  to  four  large  traction  engines  for  pulling  cars — sometimes 
even  an  auxiliary  engine  called  a “booster.”  There  are  a complete  electric  light 
and  power  plant;  air  compressors  and  pneumatic  engines,  including  air-brake 
apparatus;  engines  for  hauling  coal  from  tender  to  fire-box;  engines  for  shak- 
ing the  grates;  for  opening  the  fire-door  and  for  ringing  the  bell. 

Many  locomotives  have  a complete  hydraulic  or  water  plant — one  that 
operates  by  steam — the  object  of  which  is  to  change  the  water  into  steam 
more  quickly  and  without  cooling  steam  already  in  the  boiler.  There  is  a steam 
superheating  plant  for  conserving  the  heat  produced  by  the  fuel,  and  another 
steam  plant  for  heating  the  trains. 

The  engineer  must  understand  the  principles  of  operation  of  all  these 
various  appliances,  and  many  more,  such  as  the  feed  water  apparatus,  the  speed 
measuring  devices,  the  instruments  for  determining  the  heat  in  the  steam  and 
the  intricate  parts  of  the  air-brake. 

The  air-brake  is  absolutely  essential  in  the  operation  of  the  modern  loco- 
motive. The  engineer  must  understand  the  principles  of  operation  of  the  many 
air-brake  parts  and  the  correct  method  of  handling  the  system  in  controlling 
the  speed  and  stopping  the  train.  Upon  the  engineer’s  knowledge  and  skill  in 
handling  the  air-brake  depends  the  safety  of  the  lives  entrusted  to  his  keeping. 

A complete  knowledge  of  the  details  of  locomotive  operation  requires  more 
than  mere  daily  experience.  The  engineer  should  supplement  his  daily  experi- 
ence with  systematic  study.  The  best  time  to  study  is  while  serving  his  engineer 
apprenticeship  as  locomotive  fireman,  or  while  working  as  roundhouseman  and 
preparing  for  the  position  of  fireman.  These  Railway  Courses  are  thoroughly 
up-to-date,  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  to  keep  them 
so.  In  addition  to  the  regular  instruction  papers  of  the  modern  locomotive 
courses,  twelve  printed  lectures  on  the  most  important  subjects  are  furnished 
the  student.  As  new  devices  are  developed  for  use  on  the  locomotive,  special 
bulletins  and  lectures  covering  mechanical  details  and  methods  of  operation 
will  be  issued. 

Instruction 

As  one  of  the  foremost  instructors  in  railway 
work,  F.  L.  Jones,  the  active  head  of  the  Railway 
Department,  offers  every  railway  student  the  in- 
valuable benefit  of  his  knowledge,  which  he  has 
accumulated  through  years  of  experience  and  study. 

For  several  years  he  was  associated  with  some  of 
America’s  largest  railroads  in  an  advisory  capacity. 

He  spent  twenty  years  as  instructor  of  locomotive 
engineering  and  operation  of  railways  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  Many  of  his  books  on  locomotive 
operation  and  air-brake  practice  are  recognized  au- 
thorities. He  has  been  very  successful  in  instruct- 
ing locomotive  firemen  and  engineers.  Assisting 
Mr.  Jones  are  capable  instructors,  each  expert  in 
his  individual  line. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  I, east  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


145 


Locomotive  Engineering  for 
Railway  Shopmen 

(RR-9x) 

The  locomotive  man  -who  wishes  to  advance  in  his  chosen  field  must  be 
able  to  visualize  the  locomotive  in  its  entirety.  He  must  understand  all  the 
fundamental  principles  that  underlie  its  design,  as  well  as  its  construction 
and  maintenance. 

Railway  companies  are  constantly  on  the  lookout  for  new  improvements 
and  more  economical  methods  of  operation.  They  depend  upon  the  ingenuity 
of  their  engineers  for  these  improvements,  whether  they  are  employed  in  the 
drafting  room,  the  erecting  shop,  or  the  repair  shop.  Each  engineer  must  be 
prepared  to  demonstrate  his  worth  by  a sound  knowledge  of  the  best  modern 
methods. 

This  course  is  intended  to  train  the  shop  foreman,  machinist,  locomotive 
apprentice,  or  shopman  to  advance  to  a position  as  engineer  or  superintendent 
of  motive  power,  and  to  fit  him  for  the  responsibilities  and  tests  he  will  be 


called  upon  to  meet  in  these  positions. 

Subjects  Covered 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45 )-Prac- 
tice  in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand  let- 
tering. Projections.  Sections.  Developments 
and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pictorial  rep- 
resentation. Machine  fastenings.  Pipes. 
Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  charge. 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  of  this  course. 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 

— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonom- 
etry as  used  in  practical  problems. 

MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47) 

— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  (Dr-48)  — Training 
in  the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches 
of  machine  details.  Sections  and  assemblies. 
Assembly  sketches  from  machine  details. 

MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components  of  forces. 
Resultants.  Equilibrium  of  forces.  Laws  of 
sines.  Parallel  forces.  Center  of  gravity. 
Moment  of  inertia.  Laws  of  friction.  Ki- 
netics. Uniform  motion.  Accelerated  mo- 
tion. Rotary  motion.  Centrifugal  force. 
Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Potential  and  kirfetic 
energy. 

PHYSICS  (Ac-26) — Simple  and  direct  instruc- 
tion dealing  with  transfer  of  energy  and 
properties  of  matter.  Heat  and  light.  Elec- 
tricity and  magnetism. 

MECHANICS  OF  MATERIALS  (CE-12)  — 
Strength  of  materials.  Deformation.  Elastic 
change  of  length.  Properties  of  materials  of 
engineering.  Beams.  Theory  of  beams.  Re- 
actions. Vertical  shear.  Bending  moments. 
Internal  and  external  forces.  Safe  loads. 
Column  formulas.  Combined  stresses.  Axial 
shear.  Horizontal  shear.  Resilience  and  work. 
Impact.  Fatigue  of  materials.  Torsion  of 
shafts. 

LOCOMOTIVE  BOILERS  (RR-D— Principles 
of  construction  of  common  types  of  boilers. 
Draft  and  draft  appliances.  Injector  prin- 
ciples. Boiler  attachments.  The  locomotive 
superheater.  Principles  of  locomotive  cor- 


in  This  Course: 

struction.  Valve  gears.  Compound  loco- 
motives. 

LOCOMOTIVE  CONSTRUCTION  (RR-2)  — 
Principles  of  locomotive  construction.  Names 
and  functions  of  principal  parts.  Stephen- 
son link  valve  gear.  Walschaert  valve  gear. 
Baker  valve  gear.  Compound  locomotives. 

STEAM  DISTRIBUTION  (RR-3)— Types  of 
locomotive  main  valves.  Valve  motion  and 
steam  distribution.  Defects  in  valve  motion. 
Locating  defects  in  the  valve  gear.  Loco- 
motive valve  setting. 

LOCOMOTIVE  RUNNING  (RR-4)— Duties  of 
the  engineer.  Economical  steam  consump- 
tion. Reporting  defects  and  needed  repairs. 
Train  handling. 

BREAK-DOWNS  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES 
(RR-5) — Break-downs  in  the  valve  gear. 
Break-downs  in  the  running  gear.  Broken 
spring  rigging. 

ELECTRIC  HEADLIGHTS  (RR-6)— Operation 
and  care  of  the  electric  headlight. 

WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-7)  — 

Air  compressors.  The  compressor  governor. 
A-1  locomotive  brake.  Engine  and  Tender 
brake  (E.  T.  No.  6).  Foundation  driver 
brake  gear.  Principles  of  the  automatic  air 
brake.  Triple  valves.  The  “K”  freight  triple 
valve.  L-N  passenger  car  brake.  UC  pas- 
senger car  brake.  Air  signal  equipment. 
Freight  train  braking.  Passenger  train 
braking.  Terminal  tests  of  brakes.  Air 
brake  inspection.  Air  brake  defects  and  their 
remedy. 

MACHINE  SHOP  TOOLS  AND  METHODS 
(ME-14) — Measuring  instruments,  micrometer 
calipers,  limit  gauges,  hand  tools  and  their 
use.  Comprehensive  treatment  of  engine 
lathe,  and  its  various  uses.  Special  lathes, 
turret  lathes,  gap  lathe,  screw  cutting  ma- 
chines. Shapers.  Slotters.  Milling  machines. 
Boring  and  drilling  machines.  Gear  cutting 
machines.  Key  seating  machines.  Emery 
wheels.  Grinding  machines.  Cutting  tools. 
Speeds  and  feeds.  Speeds  and  feeds  for 
grinding. 

ENGINE  ROOM  METHODS  (ME-2)— Koat, 
work  and  pressure.  Formation  of  steam. 
Superheated  steam.  The  indicator.  Ratio  of 
expansion.  Mean  effective  pressure.  Princi- 
ples of  the  Steam  Engine.  Automatic  high- 
speed engines.  Corliss,  cross-compound, 
tandem-compound.  Locomobile,  and  uniflow 
engines.  Action  of  steam  in  cylinder.  Steam 


That  Job  Ahead — Can  You  Fill  It? 


146 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


engine  testing.  Slide  valves.  Poppet  valves. 
Valve  setting.  Operation  and  maintenance. 
Condensers.  Cooling  ponds  and  towers. 

Gears — Meyer  valve  gear.  Stephenson  link 
motion.  Walschaert  valve  gear.  Corliss  valve 
gear. 

Governors — Pendulum  governors.  Shaft  gov- 
ernors. Inertia  governors.  Centrifugal  gov- 
ernors. 

Lubrication — Friction.  Characteristics  of  oil. 

Testing  oils.  Lubricating  systems. 

Turbines — General  principles.  Types  of  tur- 
bines. Operation  and  maintenance. 


PRINCIPLES  OF  LOCOMOTIVE  DESIGN 
(RR-9) — General  considerations.  Classifica- 
tion of  locomotives.  Purpose  and  effects  of 
various  types  of  locomotives.  Necessity  of 
standards.  Selection  and  design  of  the 
boiler.  Factors  of  safety.  Tests  of  materials. 
Factors  of  economy.  Selection  of  economical 
devices.  Master  Mechanics  Standards. 

LOCOMOTIVE  MAINTENANCE  (RR-10)  — 

Locating  pounds  and  blows.  Locomotive 
lubrication.  General  locomotive  inspection. 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  require- 
ments on  locomotive  inspection.  Locomotive 
shop  kinks. 


Modem  Locomotive  Operation 

(RR-lx) 

This  course  is  a complete  treatise  on  the  operation  of  the  modern  loco- 
motive from  the  viewpoint  of  the  locomotive  engineer  and  fireman.  It  is  in- 
tended only  for  those  actually  employed  as  locomotive  engineers  or  firemen, 
or  those  who  have  had  some  experience  as  such.  It  may  also  be  studied  by 
roundhousemen  or  shopmen  who  would  be  eligible  for  promotion  to  locomotive 
firemen.  It  is  recommended  to  firemen  who  wish  to  prepare  for  any  of  the  pro- 
gressive examinations  or  final  examination  for  promotion  to  engineer. 


Subjects  Covered 

LOCOMOTIVE  BOILERS  (RR-1 )— Principles 
of  construction  of  common  types  of  boilers. 
Draft  and  draft  appliances.  Methods  of  fir- 
ing. Injector  principles  and  boiler  feeding. 
Boiler  attachments.  The  locomotive  super- 
heater. 

LOCOMOTIVE  CONSTRUCTION  (RR-21  — 

Principles  of  locomotive  construction.  Names 
and  functions  of  principal  parts.  Stephen- 
son link  valve  gear.  Walschaert  valve  gear. 
Baker  valve  gear.  Compound  locomotives. 

STEAM  DISTRIBUTION  (RR-3)— Types  of 
main  valves.  Valve  motion  and  steam  dis- 
tribution. Defects  in  valve  motion.  Locating 
trouble  in  valve  gear. 

LOCOMOTIVE  RUNNING  (RR-4)— Locomo- 
tive inspection.  Engine  management.  Lo- 
cating pounds  in  the  engine.  Locating 
blows  in  the  main  valves  and  steam  connec- 
tions. Locomotive  lubrication. 

BREAK-DOWNS  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES 
(RR-5) — Break-downs  in  the  valve  gear. 
Break-downs  in  the  running  gear.  Broken 
spring  rigging. 


in  This  Course: 

ELECTRIC  HEADLIGHTS  (RR-6)— Operation 
and  care  of  the  electric  headlight. 

WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-7)— Air 
compressors.  The  compressor  governor.  En- 
gine and  tender  brake  (E.  T.  No.  6).  A-1 
locomotive  brake.  Foundation  driver  brake 
gear.  Principles  of  the  automatic  air-brake. 
Triple  valves.  The  “K”  freight  triple  valve. 
L-N  passenger  car  brake.  Universal  (U-C) 
passenger  car  brake.  Air  signal  equipment. 
Freight  train  braking.  Passenger  train  brak- 
ing. Terminal  tests  of  brakes.  Air-brake 
inspection.  Air-brake  defects  and  their 
remedies. 

TRAIN  RULES  (RR-81— The  function  of  the 
American  Railway  Association.  The  stand- 
ard code  of  train  rules.  General  rules  de- 
fining the  duties  of  employees.  Definition 
of  terms.  Authority  for  movement  of  trains. 
Train  signals.  Classification  of  trains.  Train 
orders. 

IP'ith  this  course  the  student  is  t^rovided  with 
a set  of  62  large  specially^  engraved  charts 
that  illustrate  the  construction  and  operation 
of  the  air>brake. 


Complete  Locomotive  Operation 
for  Shopmen 

(RR-12x) 

This  course  is  intended  for  shopmen  and  roundhousemen  who  may  wish  to 
study  locomotive  operation  and  maintenance  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  expert 
mechanic  and  shop  foreman.  The  instruction  in  locomotive  running  and  manage- 
ment, air-brake  operation  and  train  handling,  are  intended  to  give  the  shop- 
man complete  information  about  the  duties  of  the  fireman  and  engineer,  and 
the  many  incidentals  of  practical  operation  of  the  engine  while  on  the  road, 
in  order  that  the  shopman  and  engineer  may  obtain  the  best  results  in  the 
upkeep  of  the  locomotive. 


Subjects  Covered 

PRACTICAL  MATHEMATICS  FOR  RAIL- 
WAY SHOPMEN  (Ma-281— Simple  processes 
of  whole  numbers  and  fractions.  Decimals 
and  percentage  as  applied  to  shop  problems. 
Calculations  of  the  commonly  used  geo- 


in  This  Course: 

metrical  figures  and  solids.  How  to  use 
tables  and  curves.  Use  of  simple  formulas. 
Problems  in  mathematical  principles  used  in 
daily  shop  practice. 


Study  Will  Bring  the  Success  You  Seek 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


147 


PRACTICAL  MECHANICS  FOR  RAILWAY 
SHOPMEN  (RR-11) — Calculation  of  forces. 
The  simple  machines.  Screw  threads.  Sim- 
ple and  compound  gearing.  Calculation  of 
speeds  and  feeds.  Problems  on  work  and 
power.  Heat.  Strength  of  materials.  Prob- 
lems in  mechanical  principles  used  in  daily 
shop  practice. 

LOCOMOTIVE  BOILERS  (RR-l)— Principles 
of  construction  of  common  types  of  boilers. 
Draft  and  draft  appliances.  Methods  of  fir- 
ing. Injector  principles  and  boiler  feeding. 
Boiler  attachments.  The  locomotive  super- 
heater. 

LOCOMOTIVE  CONSTRUCTION  (RR-2)— 
Principles  of  locomotive  construction.  Names 
and  functions  of  principal  parts.  Stephenson 
link  valve  gear.  Walschaert  valve  gear.  Baker 
valve  gear.  Compound  locomotives. 

STEAM  DISTRIBUTION  (RR-3)— Types  of 
main  valves.  Valve  motion  and  steam  dis- 
tribution. Defects  in  valve  motion.  Locating 
trouble  in  valve  gear. 

LOCOMOTIVE  RUNNING  (RR-4)  — Engine 
management.  Locating  pounds  in  the  engine. 
Locating  blows  in  the  main  valves  and  steam 
connections.  Locomotive  lubrication. 

BREAK-DOWNS  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES 
(RR-5) — Break-downs  in  the  valve  gear. 
Break-downs  in  the  running  gear.  Broken 
spring  rigging. 

ELECTRIC  HEADLIGHTS  (RR-6)— Operation 
and  care  of  the  electric  headlight. 


WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-7)— Air 
compressors.  The  compressor  governor.  Engine 
and  tender  brake  (E.  T.  No.  6).  A-1  loco- 
motive brake.  Foundation  driver  brake  gear. 
Principles  of  the  automatic  air-brake.  Triple 
valves.  The  “K”  freight  triple  valve.  L-N 
passenger  car  brake.  Universal  (U-C)  pas- 
senger car  brake.  Air  signal  equipment. 
Freight  train  braking.  Passenger  train  brak- 
ing. Terminal  tests  of  brakes.  Air-brake  in- 
spection. Air  brake  defects  and  their  reme- 
dies. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  LOCOMOTIVE  DESIGN 
(RR-9) — General  considerations.  Classifica- 
tion of  locomotives.  Purpose  and  effects  of 
various  types  of  locomotives.  Necessity  of 
standards.  Selection  and  design  of  the  loco- 
motive boiler.  Factors  of  safety.  Tests  of 
materials.  Factors  of  economy.  Selection  of 
economical  devices.  Master  Mechanics  Stand- 
ards. 

LOCOMOTIVE  MAINTENANCE  (RR-10)  — 
General  locomotive  inspection.  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  requirements  on  loco- 
motive inspection.  Safety  appliance  laws. 
Master  Mechanics  Standards.  Locomotive 
shop  kinks.  Machine  tool  operation. 

With  this  course  the  student  is  provided  with 
a set  of  62  large  specially  engraved  charts 
that  illustrate  the  construction  and  operation 
of  the  air-brake. 


Locomotive  Operation  for  Shopmen 

(RR-lOx) 

There  are  many  young  men  now  employed  in  locomotive  shops  or  round- 
houses who  are  undecided  as  to  the  branch  of  work  in  which  they  would  prefer 
to  advance.  They  may  either  enter  the  road  service  as  locomotive  firemen  and 
later  become  engineers,  or  they  may  decide  to  remain  in  the  shops  and  seek  pro- 
motion along  mechanical  lines.  For  such  men  this  course  will  prove  exception- 
ally helpful  because  it  treats  of  the  modern  locomotive,  both  from  the  point 
of  view  of  the  locomotive  fireman  and  engineer,  and  also  from  the  standpoint 
of  the  shopman.  The  knowledge  gained  from  the  course  will  thus  be  of  prac- 
tical value  in  either  branch  of  the  service. 


Subjects  Covered 

LOCOMOTIVE  BOILERS  (RR-D— Principles 
of  construction  of  common  types  of  boilers. 
Draft  and  draft  appliances.  Methods  of  fir- 
ing. Injector  principles  and  boiler  feeding. 
Boiler  attachments.  The  locomotive  super- 
heater. 

LOCOMOTIVE  CONSTRUCTION  (RR-2)  — 
Principles  of  locomotive  construction.  Names 
and  functions  of  principal  parts.  Stephenson 
link  valve  gear.  Walschaert  valve  gear.  Baker 
valve  gear.  Compound  locomotives. 

STEAM  DISTRIBUTION  (RR-3)— Types  of 
main  valves.  Valve  motion  and  steam  dis- 
tribution. Defects  in  valve  motion.  Locating 
trouble  in  valve  gear. 

LOCOMOTIVE  RUNNING  (RR-15)— Loco- 
motive inspection.  Locating  blows  in  main 
valves  and  steam  connections.  Locating 


in  This  Course: 

pounds  in  the  driving  gear.  Testing  for  leaks 
in  the  front  end. 

ELECTRIC  HEADLIGHTS  (RR-6)— Operation 
and  care  of  the  electric  headlight. 

WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-7)— Air 
compressors.  The  compressor  governor.  Engine 
and  tender  brake  (E.  T.  No.  6).  A-1  loco- 
motive brake.  Foundation  driver  brake  gear. 
Principles  of  the  automatic  air-brake.  Triple 
valves.  The  “K**  freight  triple  valve.  L-N 
passenger  car  brake.  Universal  (U-C)  pas- 
senger car  brake.  Air  signal  equipment. 
Terminal  tests  of  brakes.  Air-brake  inspec- 
tion. Air-brake  defects  and  their  remedies. 

With  this  course  the  student  is  provided  with 
a set^  of  62  large  specially  engraved  charts 
that  illustrate  the  construction  and  operation 
of  the  air-brake. 


Advanced  Locomotive  Operation 
for  Shopmen 

(RR-llx) 

This  course  is  for  shopmen  and  roundhousemen  who  wish  to  study  modern 
locomotive  operation  and  maintenance  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  expert 
mechanic  and  shop  foreman,  without  the  consideration  of  the  many  details 
that  are  involved  in  the  work  of  the  engineer  and  inspector. 


Let  Your  Home  he  Your  College 


148 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

PRACTICAL  MATHEMATICS  FOR  RAIL- 


WAi  SHOPMEN  (Ma-28) — Simple  processes 
of  whole  numbers  and  fractions.  Decimals 
and  percentage  as  applied  to  shop  problems. 
Calculations  of  the  commonly  used  geo- 
metrical figures  and  solids.  How  to  use 
tables  and  curves.  Use  of  simple  formulas. 
Problems  in  mathematical  principles  used 
in  daily  shop  practice, 

PRACTICAL  MECHANICS  FOR  RAILWAY 
SHOPMEN  (RR-11) — Calculation  of  forces. 
The  simple  machines.  Screw  threads.  Sim- 
ple and  compound  gearing.  Calculation  of 
speeds  and  feeds.  Problems  on  work  and 
power.  Heat.  Strength  of  materials.  Prob- 
lems in  mechanical  principles  used  in  daily 
shop  practice. 

LOCOMOTIVE  BOILERS  (RR-D— Principles 
of  construction  of  common  types  of  boilers. 
Draft  and  draft  appliances.  Methods  of  fir- 
ing. Injector  principles  and  boiler  feeding. 
Boiler  attachments.  The  locomotive  super- 
heater. 

LOCOMOTIVE  CONSTRUCTION  (RR-21— 
Principles  of  locomotive  construction.  Names 
and  functions  of  principal  parts.  Stephenson 
link  valve  gear.  Walschaert  valve  gear.  Baker 
valve  gear.  Compound  locomotives. 

STEAM  DISTRIBUTION  (RR-3)— Types  of 
main  valves.  Valve  motion  and  steam  dis- 


tribution. Defects  in  valve  motion.  Locating 
trouble  in  valve  gear. 

LOCOMOTIVE  RUNNING  (RR-4)— Locomo- 
tive inspection.  Engine  management.  Loca- 
ting pounds  in  the  engine.  Locating  blows 
in  the  main  valves  and  steam  connections. 
Locomotive  lubrication. 

BREAK-DOWNS  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES 
(RR-5) — Break-downs  in  the  valve  gear. 
Break-downs  in  the  running  gear.  Broken 
spring  rigging. 

ELECTRIC  HEADLIGHTS  (RR-6)— Operation 
and  care  of  the  electric  headlight. 

PRINCIPLES  OF  LOCOMOTIVE  DESIGN 
(RR-9) — General  considerations.  Classifica- 
tion of  locomotives.  Purpose  and  effects  of 
various  types  of  locomotives.  Necessity  of 
standards.  Selection  and  design  of  the  loco- 
motive boiler.  Factors  of  safety.  Tests  of 
materials.  Factors  of  economy.  Selection  of 
economical  devices.  Master  Mechanics  Stand- 
ards. 

LOCOMOTIVE  MAINTENANCE  (RR-10)  — 
General  locomotive  inspection.  Interstate 
Commerce  Commission  requirements  on  loco- 
motive inspection.  Safety  appliance  laws. 
Master  Mechanics  Standards.  Locomotive 
shop  kinks.  Machine  tool  operation* 


Locomotive  Operation  for  Engineers 

(RR-2x) 

Locomotive  engineers,  traveling  engineers  and  road  foremen  of  engines 
who  wish  to  study  the  locomotive  in  detail  from  their  own  viewpoint  will  find 


this  course  helpful,  because  it  combines 
explanation  of  fundamental  principles, 
equipment  and  methods  of  operation. 

Subjects  Covered 

LOCOMOTIVE  BOILERS  (RR-14)— Injector 
principles  and  boiler  feeding.  Boiler  at- 
tachments. The  locomotive  superheater. 

LOCOMOTIVE  CONSTRUCTION  (RR-2)— 
Principles  of  locomotive  construction.  Names 
and  functions  of  principal  parts.  Stephenson 
link  valve  gear.  Walschaert  valve  gear.  Baker 
valve  gear.  Compound  locomotives. 

STEAM  DISTRIBUTION  (RR-3)— Types  of 
main  valves.  Valve  motion  and  steam  dis- 
tribution. Defects  in  valve  motion.  Locating 
trouble  in  valve  gear. 

LOCOMOTIVE  RUNNING  (RR-4)— Locomo- 
tive inspection.  Engine  management.  Loca- 
ting pounds  in  the  engine.  Locating  blows 
in  the  main  valves  and  steam  connections. 
Locomotive  lubrication. 

BREAK-DOWNS  AND  THEIR  REMEDIES 
(RR-5) — Break-downs  in  the  valve  gear. 
Break-downs  in  the  running  gear.  Broken 
spring  rigging. 

ELECTRIC  HEADLIGHTS  (RR-6)— Operation 
and  care  of  the  electric  headlight. 


practical  information  with  a thorough 
It  also  treats  of  the  most  modern 

in  This  Course: 

WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-7I— Air 
compressors.  The  compressor  governor.  Engine 
and  tender  brake  (E.  T.  No.  6).  A-I  locomo- 
tive brake.  Foundation  driver  brake  gear. 
Principles  of  the  automatic  air  brake.  Triple 
valves.  The  ‘TC’*  freight  triple  valve.  L-N 
passenger  car  brake.  Universal  (U-C)  pas- 
senger car  brake.  Air  signal  equipment. 
Freight  train  braking.  Passenger  train  brak- 
ing. Terminal  tests  of  brakes.  Air-brake 
inspection.  Air-brake  defects  and  their 
remedies. 

TRAIN  RULES  (RR-8)— The  function  of  the 
American  Railway  Association.  The  stand- 
ard code  of  train  rules.  General  rules  de- 
fining the  duties  of  employees.  Definition 
of  terms.  Authority  for  movement  of  trains. 
Train  signals.  Classification  of  trains.  Train 
orders. 

li'ith  this  course  the  student  is  provided  with 
a set  of  62  large  speciaily  engraved  charts 
that  illustrate  the  construction  and  operation 
of  the  air-brake. 


Modern  Air-Brake 

(RR-5x) 

The  introduction  of  many  new  air-brake  devices  and  improved  methods 
of  operation  make  it  necessary  for  enginemen  and  shopmen  to  keep  up-to-date 
on  this  most  important  locomotive  apparatus.  This  course  is  especially  pre- 
pared for  locomotive  engineers,  firemen,  shopmen  and  other  railway  employees. 


Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


149 


Topics  Covered 

WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-7)— Air 
compressors.  The  compressor  governor.  Engine 
and  tender  brake  (E.  T.  No.  6).  A-1  locomo- 
tive brake.  Foundation  driver  brake  gear. 
Principles  of  the  automatic  air-brake.  Triple 
valves.  The  “K”  freight  triple  valve.  L-N 
passenger  car  brake.  Universal  (U-C)  pas- 
senger car  brake.  Air  signal  equipment. 
Freight  train  braking.  Passenger  train  brak- 
ing. Terminal  tests  of  brakes.  Air-brake 
inspection.  Air-brake  defects  and  their 
remedies. 


in  This  Course; 

IVith  this  course  the  student  is  provided  with 
a set  of  62  large  specially  engraved  charts 
that  illustrate  the  construction  and  operation 
of  the  air-brake. 

NOTE:  Students  employed  on  railways  where 
New  York  air-brake  equipment  is  used,  will 
receive  instruction  papers  on  the  New  York] 
air-brake  in  addition  to  those  furnished  on 
the  Westinghouse  air-brake. 


Air-Brake  for  Locomotive  and 


Air-Brake  Inspectors 

(RR-3x) 

The  air-brake  inspector  must  be  conversant  with  the  latest,  improved  air- 
brake shop  practice  and  methods  of  inspection.  He  must  also  understand  safety 
appliance  laws  and  the  rules  that  enter  so  largely  into  general  instructions 
issued  to  locomotive  and  air-brake  inspectors.  This  course  is  intended  especially 
for  locomotive  and  air-brake  inspectors  who  wish  the  most  up-to-date  instruc- 
tion on  air-brake  practice. 


.Topics  Covered 

WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-12)— Air 
compressors.  The  compressor  governor.  Engine 
and  tender  brake  (E.  T.  No.  6).  A-1  loco- 
motive brake.  Foundation  driver  brake  gear. 
Principles  of  the  automatic  air-brake.  Triple 
valves.  The  “K”  freight  triple  valve.  L-N 
passenger  car  brake.  Universal  (U-C)  pas- 
senger car  brake.  Air  signal  equipment. 
Freight  train  braking.  Passenger  train  brak- 


in  This  Course: 

ing.  Terminal  tests  of  brakes.  Air-brake 
inspection.  Air-brake  defects  and  their 
remedies.  Maintenance  of  locomotive  brake 
equipment.  Air-brake  inspection  for  shop- 
men. Standard  air-brake  tests. 

With  this  course  the  student  is  provided  with 
a set  of  62  large  specially  engraved  charts 
that  illustrate  the  construction  and  operation 
of  the  air-brake. 


Air-Brake  for  Trainmen  and 


Car  Inspectors 

(RR-4.X) 

During  the  last  few  years  so  much  new  air-brake  equipment  has  been 
introduced  and  so  many  new  improvements  have  been  added  that  many  train- 
men now  find  themselves  handicapped  through  an  incomplete  knowledge  of 
modern  air-brake  equipment  and  rules  of  inspection.  This  course  will  enable 
these  men  to  keep  up-to-date  by  means  of  a systematic  study  of  the  modern 
air-brake.  The  course  is  especially  helpful  and  practical  because  it  has  been 
planned  from  the  trainman’s  and  inspector’s  viewpoint  and  with  their  par- 
ticular problems  in  mind. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


WESTINGHOUSE  AIR-BRAKE  (RR-13)  — 
Foundation  brake  gear.  Principles  of  the 
automatic  air-brake.  Triple  valves.  The  “K*" 
freight  triple  valve.  L-N  passenger  car 
brake.  Universal  (U-C)  passenger  car  brake. 
Air  signal  equipment.  Terminal  tests  for 
brakes.  Air-brake  inspection.  Air-brake  de- 
fects and  their  remedies. 

TRAIN  RULES  (RR-8)— The  function  of  the 
American  Railway  Association.  The  stand- 
ard code  of  train  rules.  General  rules  de- 
fining the  duties  of  employees.  Definition  of 
terms.  Authority  for  movement  of  trains. 


Train  signals.  Classification  of  trains.  Train 
orders. 

With  this  cottrse  the  student  is  provided  with 
a set  of  62  large  specially  engraved  charts 
that  illustrate  the  construction  and  operation 
of  the  air-brake. 

NOTE:  Students  employed  on  railwavs  where 
New  York  air-brake  equipment  is  used,  will 
receive  instruction  papers  on  the  New  York 
air-brake  in  addition  to  those  furnished  on 
the  Westinghouse  air-brake. 


spare-hour  education  is  offered  by  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  on 
the  platform  of:  (1)  the  most  serznee  for  the  least  money;  (2)  care- 
ful guidance  in  the  choice  of  a course  for  every  applicant:  (3)  the 
personal  interest  of  a competent  and  sympathetic  teacher;  (4)  as 
much  encouragement  to  complete  a course  as  to  begin  one. 


The  ability  to  measure  accurately,  to  analyze 
correctly,  and  to  compare  intelligently,  forms 
the  very  foundation  of  success.  There  is, 
perhaps,  no  other  science  which  tends  to  develop 
these  qualities  so  much  as  mathematics.  The  value 
of  mathematics  is  recognized  by  every  one  engaged 
in  any  of  the  trades  or  in  the  engineering  profes- 
sions. Those  who  expect  to  gain  success  in  these 
lines  understand  that  mathematics  is  a necessary 
part  of  their  training.  It  is  just  as  true,  however, 
that  those  who  would  succeed  in  commerce,  busi- 
ness, politics,  or  in  any  other  walk  of  life,  will  find 
a thorough  training  in  mathematics  almost  indis- 
pensable in  developing  their  ability  to  think  clearly, 
to  understand  conditions  thoroughly,  and  to  act 
wisely. 

For  the  convenience  of  the  student,  all  mathe- 
matics courses  have  been  arranged  in  two  general 
groups — Applied  Mathematics  and  Pure  Mathematics,  according  to  the  uses  to 
which  they  are  to  be  put. 

In  the  group  entitled  Applied  Mathematics  are  to  be  found  subjects  in 
which  the  necessary  principles  of  mathematics  are  set  forth  in  the  briefest  pos- 
sible way,  and  their  direct  practical  application  to  the  various  trades  and  pro- 
fessions under  consideration  is  developed. 

In  the  group  entitled  Pure  Mathematics  are  to  be  found  courses,  some  of 
which  at  least,  should  be  mastered  by  every  man  and  woman  with  a serious  view 
of  life  who  wishes  to  assume  a creditable  place  among  friends,  acquaintances, 
and  business  associates.  These  courses  are  the  foundation  for  the  study  of 
many  advanced  scientific  and  commercial  subjects.  The  study  of  every  branch 
of  mathematics  is  of  value  to  the  student  in  training  his  mind  to  grasp  facts 
quickly  and  to  reason  in  logical  sequence. 

Earnest  Instructors 

H.  P.  Fawcett,  head  of  the  Department  of  Mathematics,  is  particularly  well 
fitted  for  the  position.  His  experience  and  personal  desire  for  each  student’s 
success  enhances  the  value  of  the  course.  After  specializing  in  mathematics  at 
Mount  Allison  University  and  the  University  of  California,  he  was  instructor  of 
mathematics  at  Fort  Fairfield  High  School  and  later  principal  of  the  Day 
School  in  the  San  Francisco  Y.M.C.A.  Assisting  Mr.  Fawcett  is  a corps  of  ex- 
perienced instructors,  each  expert  in  his  special  line. 


H.  P.  FAWCETT 


APPLIED  MATHEMATICS 


Engineering  Mathematics 

(Ma-llx) 

The  purpose  of  this  course  is  to  provide  a complete  training  in  engineering 
mathematics  from  the  beginning  work  of  arithmetic  up  through  that  of  plane 
trigonometry  The  student  completing  this  course  should  be  equipped  to 
advance  to  higher  mathematics  and  at  the  same  time  be  well  prepared  to  meet 
the  requirements  most  frequently  occurring  in  engineering  practice.  This 
course,  taken  as  a whole,  constitutes  a thorough,  fundamental  training  in  mathe- 
matics up  to  analytic  geometry. 


In  the  Long  Run,  Trained  Heads  Win 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


151 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course; 


ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1)  — Preliminary  work. 
Common  fractions.  Decimal  fractions. 
Weights  and  measures.  Percentage  and  ap- 
plications. Ratio  and  proportion.  Density 
and  specific  gravity.  Pow'ers  and  roots. 
GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Plane  surfaces,  lines, 
and  angles.  Triangles.  Circles.  Graphic 
methods.  Prisms.  Cylinders.  Pyramids. 
The  sphere.  Other  solids.  Formulas  and 
tables. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Notation  and  definitions. 


Formulas  and  translations.  Positive  and 
negative  numbers.  Addition  and  subtraction. 
Equations.  Multiplication  and  division. 
Fractions.  Equations  and  formulas.  Ex- 
ponents. Quadratic  equations.  Variation. 
Graphics. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4) — Logarithms.  Trig- 
onometric functions.  Tables  and  their  uses. 
Right  triangles.  Relation  between  ratios  and 
plotting.  Trigonometric  functions  of  more 
than  one  angle.  Solution  of  oblique  triangles. 


Arithmetic  for  the  Engineer 

(Ma-4x) 

Mathematics  is  a tool  as  necessary  for  the  engineer  as  his  mechanical  tools 
or  the  construction  material  required  in  his  engineering  work.  The  student  not 
already  thoroughly  grounded  in  the  fundamentals  of  arithmetic  should  begin  his 
study  with  this  course  in  order  that  he  may  have  a thorough  knowledge  of  math- 
ematical rules  from  the  ground  up.  With  the  knowledge  gained  from  studying 
this  course  he  will  begin  to  build  a strong  foundation  for  the  subjects  to  follow 
and  for  his  later  engineering  work. 


Topics  Covered  in 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Review  of  the  four 
fundamental  operations.  Common  fractions 
and  their  use  with  the  emphasis  on  prac- 
tical results.  Percentage  and  its  applica- 
tions. Weights  and  measures,  both  the  Eng- 
lish and  Metric  systems  being  discussed. 
Tables  of  equivalents  and  their  use.  Ratio 
and  proportion.  Density  and  Specific  Grav- 


This  Course: 

ity.  Powers  and  roots.  The  problems  are 
especially  valuable  as  a preparation  for 
engineering  work.  They  cover  such  subjects 
as  the  pitch  and  lead  of  screw  threads.  The 
use  of  the  micrometer.  Spiral  gearing. 
Steam  boiler  proportions.  The  lever  and  hy- 
draulic machines. 


Geometry  for  the  Engineer 

(Ma-lx) 

Some  students  may  already  have  received  a good  training  in  arithmetic  and 
may  wish  to  begin  their  engineering  mathematics  with  geometry.  This  subject 
provides  a review  of  the  work  in  arithmetic,  and  at  the  same  time  gives  a thor- 
ough training  in  the  rules  and  principles  which  form  the  second  step  in  the  foun- 
dation for  engineering,  design,  construction  and  supervision. 


Topics  Covered 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Areas  of  plane  surfaces. 
Properties  of  triangles  and  circles.  Graphical 
methods  with  special  emphasis  on  problems 
of  construction.  Volume  and  area  of  cylin- 


in  This  Course: 

ders,  prisms,  cones  and  spheres.  Many  prac- 
tical problems-  are  considered  covering  brick 
work,  lumber,  the  steel  square,  screw  threads, 
circular  mills,  belt  pulleys,  and  gear  wheels. 


Algebra  for  the  Engineer 

(Ma-2x) 

With  a good  working  knowledge  of  arithmetic  and  geometry,  the  student 
should  next  proceed  to  the  study  of  algebra,  in  order  to  understand  the  rules 
regarding  formulas  and  their  application  to  numerous  engineering  problems 
which  arise  in  daily  practice.  Algebra  affords  means  for  solving  problems 
which  cannot  be  worked  out  by  arithmetic  or  geometry  alone.  At  the  same  time 
algebra  is  necessary  for  teaching  shortened  methods,  and  processes  for  saving 
time  and  labor.  This  course  is  also  necessary  for  students  who  wish  to  advance 
to  higher  mathematical  work. 


Topics  Covered 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — The  language  of  algebra 
with  definiticHis.  The  evaluation  and  trans- 
formation of  formulas.  Algebraic  addition, 
subtraction,  multiplication  and  division. 
The  solution  of  simple,  simultaneous  and 
quadratic  equations  with  interesting  appli- 
cations. Direct  and  inverse  proportion.  This 
course  also  includes  special  lessons  on 


in  This  Course: 

graphs  showing  their  usefulness  in  all  types 
of  engineering  work.  The  problems  will  be 
especially  interesting  covering  such  topics 
as  horse  power,  relation  of  resistance,  elec- 
tromotive force  and  current,  resistance  of 
conductors  and  the  strength  of  wooden 
beams.  All  of  the  formulas  considered  are 
those  most  commonly  used  by  the  engineer. 


The  Most  Serznee  for  the  Least  Money 


Ig^  THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Trigonometry  for  the  Engineer 

(Ma-5x) 

The  engineer  must  secure  the  greatest  possible  production  with  the  least 
outlay  of  time  and  material  consistent  with  safety  and  cost  of  production.  To 
accomplish  this  result  he  must  be  rapid  and  accurate  in  laying  out  work,  in  de- 
signing, estimating  and  in  construction,  as  well  as  in  supervising  operation  after 
construction.  In  short,  the  engineer  must  know  what  to  do,  when  to  do,  and  how 
to  do.  Mathematics,  of  which  this  subject  is  an  important  branch,  assists  the 
engineer  as  a guide  in  his  judgment.  Throughout  this  course  constant  refer- 
ence is  made  to  the  rules  of  the  more  elementary  branches  of  mathematics  al- 
ready studied,  not  only  the  pure  mathematical  rules  but  also  their  application  to 
numerous  practical  problems  in  engineering  practice.  This  course,  although  re- 
quired in  all  branches  of  engineering,  has  a most  extensive  use  in  civil,  me- 
chanical and  electrical  engineering.  This  course  is  preparatory  for  those  stu- 
dents who  wish  to  advance  to  work  in  analytic  geometry  and  calculus. 


Topics  Covered 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4>— Logarithms  with 
numerous  applications.  The  six  trigonometric 
functions  defined  and  applied.  Solution  of 
right  and  oblique  triangles.  Functions  of 
more  than  one  angle.  Graphical  representa- 
tion of  functions.  Many  applications  are 
given  covering  such  topics  railroad 


in  This  Course: 

curves,  inclined  plane,  illumination,  or- 
thogonal projection,  vectors,  length  of  belts, 
screw  threads,  spirals,  resultant  of  forces, 
and  many  others  which  will  be  especially 
helpful  as  a preparation  for  engineering 
work. 


Calculus  for  the  Engineer 

Differential  and  Integral 
(Ma-30x) 

The  purpose  of  this  course  is  to  provide  the  essential  parts  of  both  the  dif- 
ferential and  integral  calculus  with  their  particular  applications  to  engineering 
problems.  The  course  shows  the  use  of  the  calculus  for  problems  which  are 
solved  only  with  considerable  difficulty  by  the  more  elementary  branches  of 
mathematics,  and  also  gives  processes  for  shortening  solutions.  A knowledge 
of  science  in  engineering  is  not  necessary  to  pursue  this  course,  although  the 
student  should  have  covered  mathematics  through  analytic  geometry.  This 
course  is  invaluable,  not  only  for  its  direct  bearing  on  engineering  problems,  but 
also  as  preparation  for  more  advanced  study. 


Topics  Covered 

CALCULUS  FOR  THE  ENGINEER  (Ma-8)  — 
Elementary  definitions.  The  derivative  with 
differentiation  of  elementary  form — algebraic, 
trigonometric,  exponential  and  logarithmic. 
Maxima  and  minima  witl>  applications  to 
engineering  problems.  Rates  and  differ- 
entials with  geometrical  and  physical  ap- 
plications. Curve  tracing  and  determination 
of  asymptotes.  Expansion  of  functions  into 


in  This  Course: 

series.  Circle  and  center  of  .curvature  with 
engineering  applications.  Evolutes  and  in- 
volutes. Singular  points  and  envelopes.  In- 
tegration of  the  elementary  forms.  Integra- 
tion as  a summation  with  geometrical  ap- 
plications. Applications  of  integral  calcu- 
lus to  problems  of  mechanics.  The  state- 
ment of  actual  problems  of  the  sciences  and 
engineering  in  the  language  of  the  calculus. 


Shop  Arithmetic 

(Ma-29x) 

This  course  teaches  the  fundamental  principles  of  mathematics  required 
for  shopmen,  by  using  familiar  terms  and  processes,  and  problems  which  relate 
mainly  to  the  metal  working  trades.  The  aim  in  preparing  the  material  of  this 
course  has  been  to  so  apply  it  to  these  particular  trades  that  it  will  be  of  con- 
siderable value  to  men  in  other  lines  of  the  metal  industry.  The  purpose  of  this 
course  is  twofold — first,  to  give  a thorough  training  in  the  problems  of  the  shop, 
and  second,  to  give  further  practice  in  essential  calculations.  It  develops  ability 
to  handle  simple  formulas  and  gives  the  student  a good  knowledge  of  the  princi- 
ples of  the  simple  machines.  This  course  is  required  as  preparation  for  the 
course  in  Advanced  Shop  Mathematics. 


“The  world  is  demandinq  as  ncs'cr  before,  men  of  good  character  ivith 
zoelTdevelopcd  minds.  Train  your  mind  and  get  into  the  executive 
class  where  ability,  energy  and  initiative  are  justly  compensated." 


163 


THE  united  y.m.c.a.  schools 


Topics  Covered 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5) — Covering  com- 
mon and  decimal  fractions,  wage  calculations, 
percentage,  ratio  and  proportion,  powers  and 
roots.  The  mechanical  advantage  and  effi- 
ciency of  machines  is  considered  and  applied 
to  the  lever,  the  tackle  blocks,  the  inclined 


in  This  Course: 

plane  and  the  jack  screw.  Special  consider- 
ation is  given  to  pulley  and  gear  trains,  cut- 
ting and  grinding  speeds,  thread  cutting, 
areas  and  volumes  of  simple  figures,  belting, 
horse  power  of  machines,  mechanics  of 
fluids,  heat,  and  strength  of  materials. 


Advanced  Shop  Mathematics 

(Ma-28x) 

The  skilled  mechanic  whether  patternmaker,  machinist  or  electrician,  must 
know  how  and  when  to  use  many  rules  of  his  trade.  Especially  must  the  high- 
grade  man  understand  the  principles  of  formulas,  in  order  to  select  them  prop- 
erly, apply  them  intelligently,  and  work  them  through  correctly.  This  course 
develops  the  student’s  ability  to  understand  and  apply  mechanical  principles 
required  in  shop  problems,  and  gives  him  a good  mathematical  background  for 
more  advanced  technical  study. 


Topics  Covered 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 
— Algebraic  terms  defined  and  explained.  The 
usefulness  of  formulas  with  methods  of  trans- 
formation. The  four  fundamental  operations 
applied  to  algebraic  expressions.  Solution  of 
simple,  simultaneous  and  quadratic  equa- 
tions with  interesting  applications.  Graphical 
representation  of  shop  work  with  emphasis 
on  the  use  and  value  of  curves.  Geometric 
constructions  showing  the  properties  of 


in  This  Course: 

geometric  figures,  areas  and  volumes  of  geo- 
metric figures  with  applications  to  prob- 
lems especially  adapted  to  the  man  in  the 
shop.  Practical  applications  of  the  six 
trigonometric  functions,  solution  of  right 
and  oblique  triangles.  The  problems  are  of 
the  most  interesting  nature  covering  such 
topics  as  tapers  and  taper  turning,  screw 
threads  and  spirals.  Logarithms  and  their 
use. 


Mathematics  for  Machinists 
and  Toolmakers 

(Ma-27x) 

In  addition  to  handling  his  tools  and  material,  a machinist  must  above  all 
be  able  to  make  measurements  accurately  and  to  calculate  correctly  from  his 
measurements.  Figures  are  tools  which  assist  in  securing  accuracy  and  in  sav- 
ing time  and  material.  The  well-trained  mechanic  does  not  have  to  depend  on 
others  to  tell  him  what  size  gauge  to  use,  what  gears  are  required  or  how  to 
calculate  the  depth  of  an  8-pitch  thread.  This  course  gives  a thorough  training 
in  the  mathematics  of  the  machine  shop  and  prepares  for  better  daily  work  and 
advancement. 


Subjects  Covered 

SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5)— Common  frac- 
tions.  Addition  and  subtraction  of  frac- 
tions. Money  and  wages.  Decimal  fractions. 
Percentage.  Circumferences  of  circles. 
Ratio  and  proportion.  Pulley  and  gear  trains. 
Areas  and  volumes  of  simple  figures.  Square 
root.  Mathematical  tables.  Levers.  Tackle 
blocks.  Inclined  plane  and  screw.  Work, 
power,  and  energy.  Horse  power  of  engines. 
Mechanics  of  fluids.  Heat.  Strength  of 
materials, 

ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  fMa-6)— 
Formulas.  Explanation  of  terms.  Algebraic 


in  This  Course: 

addition.  Algebraic  subtraction.  Transfor- 
mation of  formulas.  Algebraic  multiplica- 
tion and  division.  Solution  of  simple  equa- 
tions. Simultaneous  equations.  Quadratic 
equations.  Tables  and  curves.  Equations  of 
curves.  Geometric  constructions.  Construc- 
tion and  properties  of  geometric  figures. 
Area  of  geometric  figures.  Volumes  and  sur- 
faces of  solids.  The  tangent.  Cotangent. 
Some  uses  of  tangent  and  cotangent.  The 
sine,  cosine,  secant,  and  cosecant.  Screw 
threads.  Spirals.  Solution  of  triangles. 
Logarithms.  Logarithms  of  decimals,  pow- 
ers, and  roots. 


Cannot  Speak  Too  Highly  of  Course  and  Instructors 

My  course  in  Arithmetic  for  the  Engineer  has  been  almost  my  whole  recreation  since  I started 
it.  My  instructors  have  been  both  willing  and  capable.  I have  called  on  them  very  little, 
but  when  I have  asked  for  information  I have  received  the  best  of  capable  and  prompt  atten- 
tion. and  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  my  course  or  my  instructors.  I find  the  course,  as  a 
whole,  plain,  concise  and  helpful,  and  have  already  noticed  its  help  in  my  daily  work. — LYLE 
C.  TAYLOR,  Clarkston,  Wash. 


More  Learning  Means  Belter  Earning 


154 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Arithmetic  for  Carpenters 
and  Builders 

(Ma-31x) 

The  carpenter  and  builder  who  wishes  to  advance  in  his  calling  will  be  ma- 
terially aided  by  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  fundamental  rules  of  measure- 
ment, planning  and  estimating,  and  construction.  The  course  shows  the  appli- 
cation of  arithmetic  to  building  construction,  and  also  considers  methods  of 
saving  time  and  labor.  For  example,  the  steel  square,  whose  possibilities  are 
not  fully  realized  by  the  average  worker,  is  considered  at  length. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ARITHMETIC  FOR  CARPENTERS  AND 
BUILDERS  (Ma-22)— The  addition  and  sub- 
traction  of  units  of  length.  Common  and 
decimal  fractions.  Statements,  accounts  and 
building  estimates.  Percentage  and  its  ap- 
plication. Ratio  and  proportion.  Linear 
measure.  Areas  and  volume.  Powers  and 
roots.  Lumber  terms  and  dimensions.  The 
problems  considered  have  to  do  with  the 


lever,  weight  of  building  materials,  bearing 
power  of  soils,  concrete  mixtures,  capacity 
of  tanks  and  cisterns,  and  estimation  of  the 
amount  of  lumber  needed  in  various  con- 
structions. The  final  section  of  the  course 
covers  Builders’  Geometry  and  includes  cer- 
tain geometric  constructions,  areas  of  sur- 
faces with  detailed  treatment  of  the  use  of 
the  carpenter’s  square. 


Business  Arithmetic 

(Co-2x) 

The  person  who  is  already  engaged  in,  or  expects  to  enter  business  should 
have  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  use  of  arithmetic  in  important  business  opera- 
tions. He  should  have  skill,  speed  and  accuracy  in  working  out  his  transac- 
tions, and  also  be  able  to  prove  his  work.  This  course  is  a practical  and  very 
helpful  one,  for  it  gives  the  student  the  fundamental  equipment  which  every 
successful  business  man  must  possess.  In  addition  it  increases  the  student’s 
knowledge  of  the  more  common  usages,  and  the  language  of  commerce. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


BUSINESS  ARITHMETIC  (Co-1 1 ) — Funda- 
mentals — United  States  money.  Simple  prob- 
lems in  accounting.  Fractions.  Decimals. 
Various  practical  problems  involving  meas- 
urement. Percentage  and  its  applications  to 
business. 

Partnerships — Arithmetical  calculations  and 

simple  problems  in  bookkeeping  involved  in 
joint  ownership. 


Banking — Interest.  Bank  discount.  Partial 
payments.  Bankers’  daily  balances.  Savings 
bank  accounts.  Exchange. 

Business — Bills  and  accounts.  Cash  balance. 
Equation  of  accounts.  Dividends  and  in- 
vestments. Brokerage.  Insurance.  Taxes. 
Customs  duties.  Trade  acceptance. 


Use  of  Slide  Rule 


(CE-3X) 

As  a time  and  labor  saving  device  the  slide  rule  is  invaluable.  Its  use  ap- 
plies equally  well  to  general  business  or  technical  work.  The  slide  rule  in  its  or- 
dinary sizes  applies  for  computations  requiring  an  accuracy  not  greater  than 
that  given  by  three  significant  figures  and  this  course  is  highly  recommended 
for  those  whose  work  requires  an  accuracy  of  this  order.  The  cost  of  this  course 
and  rule  is  practically  insignificant  in  comparison  to  the  great  saving  in  time  and 
labor  which  may  be  effected  through  its  use.  The  rule  is  adapted  not  only  for 
all  the  simple  arithmetical  operations,  except  addition  and  subtraction,  but  also 
for  use  in  trigonometric  computations  and  many  special  purposes. 


Subjects  Covered 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1 ) — Practical  problems, 
helpful  explanations  and  calculations  involv- 
ing arithmetic  only.  Practical  considerations 
emphasized  throughout. 

ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 
lems. Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations  that  occur  later 
in  the  course.  Graphs  and  how  to  make  them. 

THE  USE  OF  SLIDE  RULE  (CE-D— General 
discussion  of  its  theory  and  uses. 

Logarithms  — Exponential  theory.  Applica- 


in  This  Course: 

tion  in  multiplication,  division,  and  in  find- 
ing powers  and  roots. 

The  Rule — Its  construction  and  care.  Various 
types  of  slide  rules. 

Use  of  the  Rule — Multiplication  and  division. 
Squares  and  square  root.  Cubes  and  cube 
root.  Trigonometric  solutions  with  the  sine 
and  tangent  scales.  Determination  of  other 
angular  functions.  Use  of  inverted  and  re- 
versed scales.  Solutions  for  fractional  pow- 
ers. Mixed  operations.  Locating  the  decimal 
point. 


By  Comparison  “Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


155 


PURE  MATHEMATICS 


Arithmetic  for  Beginners 

(Ma-33x) 

Those  who  wish  to  know  the  fundamental  pi’ocesses  of  arithmetic  as  usually 
taught  in  the  first  six  grades  of  the  public  schools  should  study  this  course. 
While  elementary  in  character  it  is  written  in  such  a way  that  any  man  or 
woman  who  needs  a review  of  arithmetic  will  find  a thorough  presentation  of 
the  subject  in  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

ARITHMETIC  FOR  BEGINNERS  (Ma-26)—  Denominate  numbers.  Percentage.  Profit 

Counting.  Addition.  Subtraction.  Multi-  and  loss.  Commission,  Commercial  dis- 

plication.  Division.  Fractions.  Decimals.  count.  Interest. 


Elementary  Algebra 

(Ma-17x) 

A thorough  course  covering  Algebra  up  to  quadratics.  Among  the  interest- 
ing features  of  this  course  are  many  discussions  and  illustrative  problems  drawn 
from  commercial  life,  from  physics,  from  geometry,  and  from  various  topics 
of  modern  interest.  A good  deal  of  stress  is  laid  on  the  construction  and 
interpretation  of  graphs  as  well  as  the  graphical  solution  of  equations.  This 
makes  the  course  doubly  valuable  because  of  the  many  uses  and  practical  ap- 
plications of  graphs  that  aid  the  business  or  professional  man  today. 


Topics  Covered 

ELEMENTARY  ALGEBRA  (Ma-ID— The  Ian- 
guage  of  algebra  with  definitions.  Algebraic 
addition,  subtraction,  multiplication  and  di- 
vision. Positive  and  negative  numbers.  So- 


in  This  Course: 

lution  of  simple  and  simultaneous  equations. 
Graphical  solution  of  equations.  Factoring. 
Involution  and  evolution.  Theory  of  ex- 
ponents, radicals  and  imaginary  numbers. 


Intermediate  Algebra 

(Ma-18x) 

This  course  covers  Intermediate  Algebra  as  required  by  the  Board  of 
Regents  in  the  New  York  State  standard  examinations  and  is  a good  preparation 
for  Advanced  Algebra  as  well  as  for  those  mathematical  subjects  generally 
considered  in  a regular  high  school  curriculum. 


Topics  Covered  i, 

INTERMEDIATE  ALGEBRA’  (Ma-12)— Quad- 
ratic  equations,  complete  and  incomplete. 
Quadratic  equations  solved  with  emphasis  on 
graphical  solutions.  The  general  properties 
of  quadratics  discussed  as  to  the  nature  and 
number  of  the  roots  and  the  relation  of 


This  Course: 

roots  and  coefficients.  Inequalities.  Ratio 
and  proportion.  Interpretation  of  results. 
Binomial  theorem.  Logarithms  and  com- 
plex numbers.  Many  interesting  supple- 
mentary exercises  are  given. 


Advanced  Algebra 

(Ma-19x) 

This  course  is  the  equivalent  of  any  regular  college  course  and  in  preparing 
it  every  effort  has  been  made  to  give  the  best  possible  training  in  algebraic 
analysis.  Both  Elementary  and  Intermediate  Algebra  are  reviewed  before  pro- 
ceeding to  the  more  advanced  principles.  The  discussion  of  each  new  principle 
is  clearly  presented  and  the  whole  subject  is  treated  in  an  interesting  and 
readable  manner. 


Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


156 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  (Ma-13 (—Elementary 
and  Intermediate  Algebra  reviewed.  Gen- 
eral properties  of  quadratic  equations  dis- 
cussed in  detail.  Surds  and  imaginaries. 
Indeterminate  equations.  Ratio,  proportion 
and  variation.  Progressions.  Binomial  theo- 
rem. Logarithms.  Interest  and  annuities. 
Variables  and  limits.  Convergency  of  series. 
Factorial  binomial  theorem.  Indeterminate 


coefficients.  Determinants.  The  general 
properties  of  equations.  Synthetic  division. 
Graphical  representation  of  functions.  De- 
rivatives. Transformation  of  equations.  Des- 
cartes' rule  of  signs.  Commensurable  and 
incommensurable  roots.  Location  of  roots. 
Horner's  method  of  approximation.  Sturm's 
theorem.  General  solution  of  equations. 
Complex  numbers. 


Grammar  School  Arithmetic 


(Ma-34x) 

The  commonest  transaction  requires  the  use  of  at  least  some  simple  cal- 
culation. Skill  in  numerical  computations  and  the  ability  to  reason  rapidly  and 
accurately  are  necessary  in  all  walks  of  life.  Nothing  is  so  helpful  in  acquiring 
this  skill  as  a good  course  in  Arithmetic.  This  course  starts  with  the  funda- 
mental ideas  on  which  arithmetic  is  based  and  covers  the  subject  as  required  in 
the  grammar  and  high  school  standards.  It  also  affords  a good  training  along 
business  lines  and  serves  as  a preparation  jfor  the  more  advanced  mathematics. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

GRAMMAR  SCHOOL  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-27) 


— Systems  of  notation  and  numeration.  Ad- 
dition, subtraction,  multiplication  and  divi- 
sion. Factoring  and  cancellation.  Common 
and  decimal  fractions.  Tables  of  weights 
and  measures  with  applications.  Practical 
measurements  applied  to  estimating  the  cost 
of  plastering,  painting,  carpeting,  papering 


and  paving.  Percentage  with  problems  on 
profit  and  loss,  commission,  discount,  taxes 
and  insurance.  Simple  and  compound  inter- 
est. Domestic  and  foreign  exchange.  Part- 
nership. Ratio  and  proportion.  Powers  and 
roots.  Average  of  payments  and  accounts. 
Annuities.  Arithmetical  and  geometrical 
progression. 


Plane  Geometry 

(Ma-20x) 

This  course  is  a thorough  treatment  of  the  elements  of  Plane  Geometry  as 
covered  in  any  high  school  course  and  is  preparatory  to  the  work  in  Solid 
Geometry.  The  student  is  introduced  to  the  practical  use  of  instruments  and  the 
value  of  studying  geometry  is  shown  in  an  interesting  way.  The  exercises,  which 
in  some  respects  constitute  the  most  important  part  of  the  course,  have  been 
chosen  with  a great  deal  of  care,  and  there  is  a marked  absence  of  the  difficult 
puzzle  found  in  most  high  school  courses.  One  student  writes:  “I  have  studied 
part  of  this  subject  at  high  school,  but  I have  found  your  course  is  more  com- 
plete, and  goes  into  such  detail  that  it  is  hardly  possible  for  me  to  say  T can’t 
understand  it.’  Each  lesson  is  a stepping  stone  for  the  next  and  it  is  surely  an 
easy  way  to  learn  this  subject.  Perhaps  it  is  the  easiest  way.” 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


PLANE  GEOMETRY  (Ma-14) — Rectilinear  fig- 
ures— the  basic  characteristics  of  triangles 
and  quadrilaterals,  congruency  of  triangles, 
parallel  lines,  interior  and  exterior  angles 
of  polygons  with  problems  in  loci.  The  cir- 
cle— a consideration  of  its  properties  and 
the  measurement  of  angles  and  arcs,  prob- 
lems in  construction  and  loci.  Proportion 
and  similar  polygons — properties  of  a pro- 


portion, condition  for  the  similarity  of  recti- 
linear figures,  numerical  properties  of  fig- 
ures with  problems  of  construction.  Areas 
of  polygons — the  triangle,  the  rectangle,  the 
parallelogram,  and  the  trapezoid,  propor- 
tionate areas,  problems  of  construction. 
Properties  of  regular  polygons  and  men- 
suration of  the  circle. 


Solid  Geometry 

(Ma-21x) 

Following  Plane  Geometry  and  extending  the  principles  of  Plane  Geometry 
to  the  geometry  of  three  dimensional  figures  this  course  is  very  comprehensive. 
Only  the  great  basic  theorems  and  problems  are  considered  and  the  exercises 
which  form  the  most  interesting  part  of  the  course  have  been  very  carefully 
chosen,  the  majority  of  them  being  of  a highly  practical  nature. 


Let  Your  Knowledge  Be  Yo-ur  Guide 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


157 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


SOLID  GEOMETRY  (Ma-15) — Lines  and 
planes  in  space — dihedral  and  the  polyhe- 
dral angles.  Polyhedrons,  cylinders  and 
cones — the  formulas  for  a lateral  area  and 
volume  of  prisms,  parallelepipeds,  pyramids. 


cylinders  and  cones  developed.  The  sphere 
— generation  of  a spherical  surface,  plane 
sections  and  tangent  planes,  spherical  poly- 
gons, the  measurement  of  spherical  surfaces 
and  solids. 


Plane  Trigonometry 

(Ma-22x) 

In  the  preparation  of  this  course  the  rule  has  been  followed  that  the  practical 
use  of  every  new  principle  should  be  clearly  understood  by  the  student  before 
the  abstract  theory  is  developed,  and  this  is  one  of  the  factors  that  make  the 
work  so  interesting  and  helpful.  A wide  range  of  practical  problems  is  given 
and  all  that  is  unnecessary  to  a clear  understanding  of  the  subject  is  eliminated. 
To  carry  on  this  work  successfully  one  should  be  well  trained  in  Algebra  and 
Plane  Geometry. 


Topics  Covered 

PLANE  TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-16)— The  six 
functions  defined  and  used  in  a wide  range 
of  practical  applications  of  the  right  tri- 
angle. Logarithms — the  use  of  logarithmic 
tables  and  the  table  of  natural  functions. 
Trigonometric  functions  of  any  angle.  Func- 


m This  Course: 

tions  of  the  sum  or  the  difference  of  two 
angles.  The  oblique  triangle — solved  by  the 
law  of  sines,  the  law  of  cosines  and  the  law 
of  tangents,  the  area  of  a triangle.  Graphic- 
al representation  of  functions,  the  radian. 


Spherical  Trigonometry 

(Ma-23x) 

The  chief  object  of  spherical  trigonometry  is  the  solution  of  spherical 
triangles  and  in  this  course  the  principles  of  plane  trigonometry  are  extended  to 
cover  right  and  oblique  spherical  triangles.  The  applications  will  be  especially 
helpful  for  those  students  who  wish  to  continue  their  studies  in  the  fields  of 
geodesy,  navigation  and  astronomy.  The  student  should  be  familiar  with  the 
principles  of  solid  geometry. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

SPHERICAL  TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-17)  — angle  solved.  The  oblique  spherical  triangle 
Classification  and  geometric  properties  of  and  the  development  of  formulas  for  its  so- 

spherical  triangles,  the  right  spherical  tri-  lution  and  for  determining  its  area. 


Analytic  Geometry,  Plane 

(Ma-32x) 

This  course  will  serve  as  a splendid  preparation  for  those  men  who  wish  to 
continue  their  mathematical  studies  into  the  calculus  and  who  are  already 
proficient  in  arithmetic,  algebra,  geometry  and  trigonometry.  Besides  being 
one  of  the  most  interesting  mathematical  subjects  in  the  curriculum  it  is 
especially  valuable  for  the  training  it  affords  in  the  construction  and  interpre- 
tation of  graphs.  It  opens  to  the  student  an  entirely  new  method  of  approaching 
mathematical  truths,  and  for  this  reason  much  stress  is  placed  on  the  first 
lessons  wherein  are  built  those  concepts  and  ideas  on  which  future  lessons  are 
based.  A great  deal  of  emphasis  is  also  given  to  those  sections  of  the  subject  in 
which  experience  has  shown  the  student  of  calculus  to  be  most  frequently 
deficient. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


ANALYTIC  GEOMETRY,  PLANE  (Ma-7)  — 
Fundamental  ideas  discussed  and  developed. 
Rectangular,  oblique  and  polar  co-ordinates. 
Loci  with  discussion  of  an  equation  for  in- 
tercepts, symmetry,  extent  and  asymptotes 
in  both  rectangular  and  polar  co-ordinates. 


Transformation  of  co-ordinates.  The  straight 
line.  The  circle.  The  parabola.  The  ellipse 
and  the  hyperbola.  The  general  equation  of 
the  second  degree  with  consideration  of 
transcendental  and  parametric  equations. 


"7  Will  Study  and  Get  Ready  and 
Maybe  My  Chance  Will  Come.” — Lincoln 


158 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Analytic  Geometry,  Three  Dimensions 

(Ma-24x) 

In  this  course  the  concepts  and  ideas  developed  in  Plane  Analytic  Geometry 
are  extended  to  cover  the  geometry  of  space.  It  serves  as  a further  preparation 
for  the  calculus. 


Topics  Covered  in 

ANALYTIC  GEOMETRY.  THREE  DIMEN- 
SIONS (Ma-18) — Rectangular  and  polar  co- 
ordinates in  space.  The  locus  of  an  equa- 
tion discussed  for  symmetry,  intercepts  and 


This  Course: 

intersections.  Quadric  surfaces.  The  equa- 
tion of  a plane  in  terms  of  its  intercepts. 
The  general  equations  of  a straight  line. 


Differential  Calculus 


(Ma-25x) 


In  the  study  of  the  calculus  the  idea  of  change  and  variation  will  be  brought 
out  more  clearly  than  in  any  lower  mathematics.  The  manner  in  which  a 
function  changes  in  value  as  the  independent  variable  changes  is  carefully  in- 
vestigated and  the  fundamental  problem  of  the  calculus  is  to  establish  a measure 
of  this  change.  The  subject  matter  is  presented  in  a very  interesting  manner 
and  special  care  has  been  taken  to  make  the  extent  and  nature  of  each  new 
theorem  perfectly  clear.  Graphical  illustration  has  been  drawn  on  very  freely 
and  the  problems  have  been  chosen  in  such  a way  as  to  illustrate  the  theory 
and  at  the  same  time  to  be  of  interest  to  the  student.  This  course  in  calculus 
will  bring  into  requisition  all  the  mathematics  up  to  and  including  analytical 
geometry. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


DIFFERENTIAL  CALCULUS  (Ma-19)— Vari- 
ables and  functions.  Theory  of  limits  with 
fundamental  theorems.  Differentiation  with 
applications  to  geometry.  Rules  for  differ- 
entiation of  standard  elementary  forms  with 
simple  applications  of  the  derivative.  Suc- 


cessive differentiation.  Maxima  and  minima. 
Points  of  inflection  and  curve  tracing.  Dif- 
ferentials. Rates  and  change  of  variable. 
Theorem  of  mean  value.  Rules  of  curvature. 
Circle  and  center  of  curvature.  Partial  dif- 
ferentiation. Envelopes.  Series.  Expansion 
of  functions.  Asymptotes  and  singular  points. 


Integral  Calculus 

(Ma-26x) 

The  integral  calculus  is  primarily  the  inverse  of  the  differential  calculus  and 
taken  both  together  they  constitute  one  of  the  most  powerful  tools  of  the 
modern  mathematician.  This  course  follows  Differential  Calculus  and  is  treated 
in  the  same  interesting  manner.  The  needs  of  the  student  pursuing  a first 
course  in  the  calculus  have  been  kept  constantly  in  mind  and  an  effort  has  been 
made  to  present  every  new  theorem  as  clearly  and  attractively  as  possible.  A 
great  many  problems  from  different  sciences  have  been  selected  for  illustration 
and  solution,  but  these  problems  do  not  presuppose  an  extended  knowledge  in 
any  particular  branch  of  science  but  are  based  on  the  knowledge  that  all 
students  of  calculus  are  supposed  to  have. 


Topics  Covered 

INTEGRAL  CALCULUS  (Ma-20 1— Integration 
as  the  inverse  of  differentiation.  Rules  for 
integrating,  standard  elementary  forms.  The 
constant  of  integration,  its  geometric  and 
physical  significance.  The  definite  integral. 
Integration— by  substitution  of  a new  vari- 


in  This  Course: 

able,  by  rationalization.  Integration  as  a 
process  of  summation.  Successive  and  par- 
tial integration.  Differential  equation.  Ap- 
proximate integration.  Trapezoidal  rule. 
Parabolic  rule.  Centers  of  area  and  volume. 
Pressure  of  liquids. 


Finds  Instniction  Superior  and  Explanations  Easily  I tiderstood 

I find  the  instruction  and  textbooks  superior  to  any  I have  taken  up  and  I have  received 
practically  all  my  education  by  the  correspondence  school  route.  The  explanations  are  the 
first  I have  seen  that  were  easily  understood  by  the  ordinary  self-taught  man.  I sincerely  be- 
lieve that  the  Schools  are  doing  a great  work. — CLAUDE  W.  FENTON,  Breckenridge,  Texas. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


ENERAL  EDUCATION 


A PERSON  may  be  of  value  to  his  community  or  to  the  world,  may  be 
able  to  earn  a good  living;  and  yet  lose  much  of  the  real  satisfaction 
of  life,  and  the  full  realization  of  his  talents,  because  of  the  lack  of 
a good  general  education. 

Important  as  vocational  training  may  be,  it  is  not  the  whole  of  life.  Men 
and  women  of  culture,  with  broad  educations,  are  respected  and  sought  after 
wherever  they  go.  Such  people  live  richer,  more  fruitful  lives,  and  help  to 
make  life  worth  more  to  others. 

Unfortunately,  thousands  of  men  and  women  leave  school  before  acquiring 
even  a high  school  education,  not  to  mention  a college  training.  But  today 
it  is  easy  for  the  ambitious  person  to  overcome  this  handicap  through  spare- 
hour  study.  The  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  with  a well  organized  division  of 
correspondence  instruction,  can  bring  to  every  ambitious  man  and  woman  the 
advantages  given  in  the  past  year  to  over  140,000  students. 

The  courses  described  in  the  following  pages  have  been  prepared  by 
teachers  whose  practical  training  and  experience  have  given  them  a clear 
insight  into  the  educational  needs  of  young  men  and  women  the  country  over. 
While  engaged  in  their  preparation,  these  teachers,  moreover,  were  in  close 
co-operation  with  many  of  the  expert  correspondence  instructors  who  had 
prepared  other  courses  described  elsewhere  in  this  catalog.  As  a result,  short 
courses  and  standard  high  school  programs  have  been  developed  to  meet  the 
varied  needs  of  everyone. 


Instruction 

Clinton  S.  Marsh,  Assistant  Supervisor  of  Instruction,  directs  the  work 
of  the  General  Education  Department.  For  more  than  twenty  years  Mr. 
Marsh  taught  and  supervised  country,  village,  and  city  schools,  directed  large 
numbers  of  teachers  in  their  preparation  for  examinations  for  certificates, 
and  advised  pupils  in  preparation  for  colleges,  universities,  and  professional 
schools.  He  was  educated  in  district  (farms)  schools,  the  Cortland  (N.Y.) 
State  Normal  School,  Cornell  University,  and  Sorbonne  University  and  the 
Musee  Pedagogique  in  Paris.  He  has  also  taken  occasional  lectures  at  Teachers 
College  of  Columbia  University. 

The  work  of  the  General  Education  Department  is  being  developed  on  a 
high  plane  through  the  employment  of  a resident  corps  of  experienced  teachers 
and  experts,  all  of  whom  are  graduates  of  leading  colleges,  universities,  and 
schools  of  pedagogy. 

Assisting  Mr.  Marsh  as  advisors  and  writers  of 
special  texts  are  capable,  well-known  teachers  such 
as  Professor  Seymour  Handy,  B.A.,  a graduate  of 
Syracuse  University,  post-graduate  of  Teachers 
College  of  Columbia  University,  and  for  eight  years 
ac'.ing  as  authority  and  examiner  for  the  Regents 
Department  of  the  State  of  New  York,  in  American 
History;  Henry  S.  Richards,  B.S.,  M.A.,  examiner 
in  Chemistry  for  the  State  Regents  Board  and  for 
the  College  Entrance  Board  and  Head  of  the  De- 
partment of  Chemistry  in  the  High  School  of 
Yonkers,  N.Y.;  Dr.  John  C.  Hubbard,  Head  of  the 
Department  of  Physics,  New  York  University. 

Johanea  deWolf,  B.A.,  assists  Mr.  Marsh  in  the 
work  of  the  Department  and  has  special  direction 
of  the  Departments  of  English,  History  and 
Pedagogy. 


Invest  in  Education — It  Pays  Big  Dividends 


160 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


General  High  School 

(Ac-5  8x-Ge) 

The  first  step  necessary  for  the  man  or  woman  who  determines  to  accom- 
plish something  w'orth  while  in  life  is  to  acquire  a good  high  school  training, 
or  its  equivalent.  Ambitious  men  and  w’omen  will  find  in  the  following  program 
an  opportunity  to  secure  a knowledge  of  the  many  things  which  place  ad- 
vantage and  position  in  the  hands  of  the  high  school  graduate.  It  also  pro- 
vides an  excellent  means  of  obtaining  the  necessary  preliminary  training  to 
enter  college.  The  range  of  subjects  is  comprehensive  and  a liberal  choice  has 
been  provided  to  meet  individual  needs  or  to  conform  to  any  particular  educa- 
tional requirements. 

An  introductory  group  of  subjects  has  been  included  for  those  who  may 
need  extra  preparation.  This  preliminary  work  is  intended  to  give  all  those 
who  desire  the  advantages  of  a high  school  education  a chance  to  realize 
their  ambition. 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 

Introductory  Group 

* OPTIONAL — Choose  ANY  or  ALL  of  the  follouing  subjects: 


ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  FOR  BEGINNERS 
(Ac-1> — Pronunciation.  Spelling.  Parts  of 
speech.  Sentence  elements.  Capitalization. 
Punctuation.  Paragraphing.  Letter  writing. 

GRAMMAR  SCHOOL  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-27) 
— Fundamental  operations.  Fractions. 
Weights  and  measures.  Practical  measure- 
ments. Percentage.  Business  applications. 
Ratio  and  proportion.  Powers  and  roots. 
Arithmetical  and  geometrical  progressions. 

CIVICS:  AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  AND 
CITIZENSHIP  (Ac-11) — Human  needs  and 
the  government.  Nature  of  modern  govern- 
ment. National,  state,  municipal  and  rural 
government.  Elements  of  community  w'el- 
fare.  Financial,  economic,  industrial  and 
social  problems. 

First 

ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  AND  COMPOSITION 
(Ac-3) — Word  formation.  Sentence  correc- 
tion. Grammar.  Punctuation.  Paragraph- 
ing. Letter  writing.  Four  principal  types 
of  composition. 

ELEMENTARY  ALGEBRA  (Ma-lD— Funda- 
mental operations.  Simple  and  simultaneous 


ELEMENTARY  GEOGRAPHY  (Ac-23)— The 
United  States  and  foreign  countries ; their 
industries,  commerce,  and  physical  features. 
The  earth ; latitude  and  longitude.  Winds. 
Rain.  Ocean  movements.  Plants,  animals, 
and  peoples  of  the  earth. 

ELEMENTARY  HISTORY  OF  THE  U.  S. 
(Ac-41) — European  beginnings  in  America. 
Coming  of  the  English.  Growth  of  colonies. 
War  of  the  Revolution.  Early  republic. 
Rise  of  the  Middle  West.  Civil  War.  Na- 
tional Development.  United  States  in  the 
World  War. 

GENERAL  SCIENCE  (Ac-25)— Air,  fire,  water, 
food  and  their  uses  to  mankind.  The  forces 
of  nature.  Homes  and  clothing.  Work  with 
everyday  machines.  Life — its  origin  and 
betterment. 

Year 

equations.  Graphical  solution  of  equations. 
Involution  and  evolution.  Theory  of  ex- 
ponents and  imaginary  numbers. 
tBIOLOGY  (Ac-16) — Composition  of  living  and 
lifeless  things.  Foods,  plants,  animals,  and 
the  human  body.  Structures,  adaptations, 
and  functions  of  organs. 


ELECTIVE— Choose  ONE  of  the  following,  subjects; 


WORLD’S  HISTORY  TO  1789  (Ac-29)— Early, 
middle,  and  late  stone  ages.  Egypt.  Baby- 
Ionia.  Assyria.  Chaldea.  Medo-Persian 
Empire.  Hebrew’s.  Dawn  of  European 
Civilization.  Athens  in  the  age  of  Pericles. 
Alexander  the  Great.  Hellenistic  age.  Ro- 
mans— conquests,  world  dominion  and  degen- 
eracy, end  of  the  republic,  empire.  German 
invasions.  Rise  of  Papacy.  Mohammedans. 
Charlemagne.  Feudalism.  England  in  the 
Middle  Ages.  Crusades.  Medieval  civiliza- 
tion. Protestant  revolt  and  the  wars  of 
religion.  Martin  Luther.  Seventeenth  and 
Eighteenth  centuries — struggle  in  England 

OPTION AL~Choose  ONE 

FIRST  YEAR  LATIN  (Ac-6) —Nouns.  Ad- 
jectives. Adverbs.  Pronouns.  Regular  and 
irregular  verbs.  Rules  of  syntax.  Exercises 


betw’een  King  and  Parliament,  France  under 
Louis  XIV,  Russia,  Prussia. 

ANCIENT  HISTORY  (Ac-33)— Egypt.  Tigris- 
Euphrates  states.  Phoenicians.  Hebrews. 
Persian  Empire.  Greeks — Prehistoric  Hellas, 
Cretan  civilization,  Homeric  Age,  Persian 
w’ars,  Athenian  leadership,  age  of  Pericles, 
fall  of  Athens.  Alexander  and  his  con- 
quests. Mingling  of  the  East  and  West. 
Rome- — land  and  peoples,  legendary  history, 
unification  of  Italy,  government  of  the  re- 
public, conquests,  Pompey  and  C»sar,  the 
empire.  Rise  of  Christianity.  Teutons. 
Wanderings  of  the  peoples.  Dark  Ages. 
Western  Europe.  Empire  of  Charlemagne. 


in  word  formation  and  derivation.  Easy 
reading  selections. 


of  the  following  subjects,  if  desired: 


* Optional.  {See  page  12.) 

t A box  of  apparatus  and  chemicals  will  he  sent  for  performing  the  experiments. 


By  Comparison  "Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


161 


ELEMENT’Y  FRENCH,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-32). 
ELEMENT’Y  GERMAN,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-37). 
ELEMENT’Y  ITALIAN,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-40). 
ELEMENT’Y  SPANISH,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-31). 

Second 

ENGLISH  COMPOSITION  (Ac-4)— Diction, 
sentence  mutation.  Grammar.  Letter  writ- 
ing. Narration.  Description.  Exposition. 
Argumentation.  Figures  of  speech.  Meter. 


A comprehensive  study  of  grammar  together 
with  numerous  conversational  lessons  cal- 
culated to  enable  the  student  to  speak  the 
language  and  to  understand  the  construc- 
tion of  the  sentence.  Reading  lessons. 

Year 

PLANE  GEOMETRY  (Ma-14 1 — Characteristics 
of  rectilinear  figures.  The  circle,  the  triangle 
and  other  polygons.  Similar  figures.  Areas 
of  polygons.  Properties  of  regular  polygons 
and  mensuration. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


WORLD’S  HISTORY  1789  TO  1920  (Ac-14)  — 
Conditions  and  reforms  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  French  revolution  and  Napoleon. 
Reconstruction  of  Europe  at  the  Congress  of 
Vienna.  Revolution  of  1848  in  France, 
Austria,  Germany,  Italy.  Formations  of 
Italy,  German  Empire,  Austria-Hungary. 
Reforms  in  Europe  before  the  World  War. 
Expansion  of  Europe.  Spread  of  western 
civilization.  British  Empire,  Russian  Em- 
pire, Turkey  and  the  Eastern  question. 
European  interests  in  the  Far  East.  Europe 
in  the  opening  years  of  the  Twentieth  Cen- 
tury. The  World  War.  The  Russian  Revolu- 
tion. Reconstruction  of  Europe.  Europe 
after  the  World  War. 


MODERN  HISTORY'  (Ac-38 Brief  review  of 
ancient  history.  Transition  period  from 
ancient  to  modern  history.  East  and  the 
Crusades.  The  Renaissance.  Reformation 
in  England.  Colonial  England.  France  and 
the  age  of  Louis  XIV.  Balance  of  power  in 
Europe  and  the  great  struggle  for  colonial 
supremacy.  Rise  of  Prussia  and  Russia. 
French  Revolution.  Napoleon  and  the 
Napoleonic  Wars.  Congress  of  Vienna. 
Empire  of  Germany.  Russian  Empire  in  the 
19th  Century.  Near  Eastern  question.  Triple 
Alliance.  Entente.  World  War.  Treaty 
of  Peace  of  1919.  Conference  for  the  limita- 
tion of  Armament. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


PHY'SICAL  GEOGRAPHY'  (Ac-24)— The  earth 
and  the  solar  system.  Surface  features  of 
the  earth.  Crustal  movements  and  vulcan- 
ism.  Climate.  The  earth’s  magnetism.  The 
ocean.  Distribution  of  life  maps. 
•GENERAL  SCIENCE  (Ac-25)  — Air,  fire, 
water,  food  and  their  uses  to  mankind.  The 
forces  of  nature.  Homes  and  clothing.  W’ork 
with  everyday  machines.  Life — its  origin 

and  betterment. 


COMMERCIAL  GEOGRAPHY’  (Ac-10  The 
United  States  and  foreign  countries.  Climate 
and  topography.  Industries.  Manufactures. 
Trade  and  trade  routes.  World  commerce. 
Law  of  trade.  Expansion  of  industry  and 
resources.  The  world  highway. 

NOTE:  JVith  the  sixth  lesson  a yearns  sub’ 

scrif^tion  to  the  National  Geographic  Maga- 
zine is  sent. 


OPTIONAL — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects  tf  desired: 


CAESAR’S  GALLIC  W^ARS  (Ac-7)— Trans- 
lation— Four  books  of  Caesar’s  Gallic  Wars. 
Review  of  grammar.  Composition  exercises. 

Third 

ENGLISH  LITERATURE  (Ac-5)— Criticism 
of  works  of  standard  authors.  Writing  of 
at  least  six  hundred  words  of  composition 
with  each  lesson.  Reference  books — History 


Exercises  in  word  formation  and  derivation. 
ELEMENTARY’  MODERN  LANGUAGE  (Con- 
tinued) . 

Year 

of  English  literature.  Old  Testament  selec- 
tions. Shakespeare,  Scott,  Dickens,  Eliot, 
Carlyle.  Other  standard  English  authors. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


W’ORLD’S  HISTORY':  AMERICAN  HISTORY' 
(Ac-15) — Discovery  and  Exploration.  Colon- 
ization. Colonial  history.  Independence, 
1775-1783.  The  Constitution  1783-1789. 
Federalist  supremacy,  1789-1800.  Jeffersonian 
republicans,  1801-1812.  War  and  peace,  1812- 
1829.  National  democracy,  1829-1844.  Slav- 
ery in  the  territories.  Secession.  Civil  War. 
Reconstruction.  National  development.  United 
States  in  our  own  times.  The  great  war. 


ENGLISH  HISTORY'  (Ac-36) — Early  Britain 
to  449  A.  D.  Saxon  England  449-1066.  Nor- 
man England  1066-1154.  England  under  the 
Plantagenets,  1154-1485.  Tudor  England 
1485-1603,  Puritan  Revolution  and  Royalist 
reaction,  1603-1688.  Constitutional  mon- 
archy, 1688-1820.  British  Empire  1820-1921. 
Anglo-American  relations.  Irish  question. 
England  in  the  World  War. 


ELECTI\'E — Choose  TWO  of  the  following  subjects:  THREE  may  be  taken  if  desired,  but 
only  ONE  Modern  Foreign  Language  can  be  included. 


INTERMEDIATE  ALGEBRA  (Ma-12)— Qua- 
dratics. Graphical  solutions  emphasized. 
Properties  of  quadratics.  Inequalities.  Ratio 
and  proportion.  Binomial  theorem.  Loga- 
rithms and  complex  numbers. 

SOLID  GEOMETRY  (Ma-15) — Lines  and  planes 


in  space-dihedral  and  polyhedral  angles. 
Polyhedrons,  cylinders  and  cones — lateral 
area  and  volume  of  prisms,  parallelepipeds, 
pyramids,  cylinders  and  cones.  The  sphere. 
Measurement  of  spherical  surfaces  and 
solids. 


* A box  of  apparatus  and  chemicals  will  be  sent  for  performing  the  experiments. 


Study  Will  Bring  the  Success  You  Seek 


162 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


ELEMENT’Y  FRENCH,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-32). 

ELEMENT’Y  GERMAN,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-37). 

ELEMENT’Y  ITALIAN,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-40). 

ELEMENT’Y  SPANISH,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-31). 
A comprehensive  study  of  grammar  together 
with  numerous  conversational  lessons  cal- 
culated to  enable  the  student  to  speak  the 
language  and  to  understand  the  construction 
of  the  sentence.  Reading  lessons. 

CICERO’S  ORATIONS  (Ac-8)— Translation. 
First  Oration  against  Catiline.  Second  Ora- 
tion against  Catiline.  Third  Oration  against 

Fourth 

CIVICS:  GOVERNMENT  AND  POLITICS  IN 
THE  UNITED  STATES  (Ac-39)— Local  gov- 
ernments.  State  governments.  The  national 
government.  Powers  of  Congress.  Federal 


Catiline.  Manilian  Law.  Defense  of  Ar- 
chias.  Grammar  and  Composition. 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  equipment,  including  instruments, 
furnished — no  additional  cost. 

i CHEMISTRY  (Ac-42) — The  chemist  and  mat- 
ter. Laws,  theories,  formulas,  and  equations. 
The  elements  and  their  compounds — their 
properties — physical  and  chemical. 

Year 

judiciary.  Constitutional  protection  of  busi- 
ness and  personal  rights.  The  party.  Pub- 
lic opinion.  Civil  service.  Direct  legislation. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  THREE  of  the  following  subjects.  FOUR  may  be  taken  if  desired. 


VIRGIL’S  AENEID  (Ac-9)  — Translation. 
Aeneid,  books  I,  II,  III,  IV,  VI.  Grammar 
and  Composition.  Versification.  Content. 
Style,  Appreciation. 

ADVANCED  MODERN  LANGUAGE.  French, 
German,  Spanish,  or  Italian. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Ellipse.  Perspective  of  el- 
liptical objects.  Parallel  perspective.  Angu- 
lar perspective.  Object  drawing.  Perspec- 
tive renderings.  Light  and  shade.  Value  of 
line.  Building  sketches.  Landscape  compo- 
sition. 

ADVANCED  ALGEBRA  ( Ma-1 3)— Properties 
of  quadratic  equations  discussed  in  detail. 
Indeterminate  equations.  Ratio,  proportion 
and  variation.  Progressions.  Binomial  the- 
orem. Logarithms.  Variables  and  limits. 
Series.  Determinants.  Graphical  represen- 
tation of  functions.  Transformation  of  equa- 
tions. Commensurable  and  incommensurable 
roots.  Horner’s  method  of  approximation. 
General  solution  of  equations.  (Complex  num- 
bers. 

PLANE  TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-16)— The  six 
functions  defined  and  used.  Logarithms. 
Trigonometric  functions  of  any  angle.  Func- 


tions of  the  sum  or  the  difference  of  two 
angles.  The  oblique  triangle — tbe  law  of 
sines,  the  law  of  cosines  and  the  law  of 
tangents.  Graphical  representation  of  func- 
tions. 

GENERAL  GEOLOGY  (Ac-21) — Subdivision 
of  geology  and  methods  of  geologic  study. 
Minerals.  Rocks.  Volcanic  phenomena.  Sort- 
ing and  disposition  of  rock  material.  Earth 
movements.  Elementary  mapping. 

HISTORY  OF  EDUCATION  (Ac-32)— Primi- 
tive, Oriental,  Greek  and  Roman  Education. 
Education  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Renaissance, 
Reformation.  Modern  tendencies.  Rise, 
growth  and  comparison  of  the  national  sys- 
tems of  education  in  England,  France,  Ger- 
many, Italy,  and  the  United  States. 

EDUCATIONAL  PSYCHOLOGY  (Ac-34)— The 
migratory,  food  getting,  ownership,  and  gre- 
garious instincts.  Effect  of  child  behavior 
on  the  four  principal  emotions.  Special  stud- 
ies of  heredity  and  the  inheritance  of  ac- 
quired characteristics.  Environment.  Moral 
development.  Individual  differences. 

tPHYSICS  (Ac-43) — Weights  and  measures. 
Work.  Mechanics  of  liquids  and  gases. 
Force  and  motion.  Strength  of  materials. 
Energy.  Heat.  Electricity.  Sound.  Light. 


*Optional.  (See  Page  12.) 

t Helpful  experiments  are  included  in  the  lessons.  These  experiments  are  optional.  Students  who 
desire,  may  purchase  a suitable  laboratory  outfit  from  us  at  cost.  Price  on  application. 


Commercial  High  School 

(AC-58x-Co) 

The  trend  of  ambition  among  many  young  men  and  women  is  strongly 
in  the  direction  of  business.  But  more  than  an  ordinary  grammar  school  or 
general  high  school  education  is  required  to  enter  the  business  world  by  way 
of  positions  that  promise  advancement  and  good  salaries. 

The  young  man  or  woman  who  knows  how  business  is  conducted,  how  the 
various  transactions  are  made  and  recorded,  and  the  reasons  underlying  these 
things,  stands  a better  chance  to  rise.  Experience  is  necessary,  but  without 
preliminary  training  and  knowledge  of  business  principles  acquired  through 
study,  it  loses  much  of  its  value. 

This  Commercial  High  School  Course  combines  fundamental  business  sub- 
jects with  such  other  studies  as  will  give  the  student  a well-rounded,  high 
school  education.  An  introductory  group  of  subjects  is  included  for  those  who 
may  need  extra  preparation.  This  preliminary  work  will  give  those  who  desire 
a commercial  high  school  education  an  opportunity  to  realize  their  ambition. 


Knowledge  Pays  Big  Dividends 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


163 


Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


Introductory  Group 

* OPTIONAL— Choose  ANY  or  ALL  of  the  foUouing  subjects: 


ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  FOR  BEGINNERS 
(Ac-11 — Pronounciation.  Spelling.  Parts  of 
speech.  Sentence  elements.  Capitalization. 
Punctuation.  Paragraphing.  Letter  writing. 

GRAMMAR  SCHOOL  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-27) 
— Fundamental  operations.  Fractions. 
Weights  and  measures.  Practical  measure- 
ments. Percentage.  Business  applications. 
Ratio  and  proportion.  Powers  and  roots. 
Arithmetical  and  geometrical  progressions. 

ELEMENTARY  HISTORY  OF  THE  U.  S. 

First 

ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  AND  COMPOSITION 
(Ac-3) — Word  formation.  Sentence  cor- 
rection. Grammar.  Punctuation.  Para- 
graphing. Letter  writing.  Four  principal 
types  of  composition. 

CIVICS:  AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  AND 
CITIZENSHIP  (Ac-11)— Human  needs  and 
the  government.  Nature  of  modern  govern- 
ment. National,  state,  municipal  and  rural 
government.  Elements  of  community  wel- 
fare. Financial,  economic,  industrial  and 
social  problems. 

BUSINESS  ARITHMETIC  (Co-11)  — Funda- 
mental operations.  Percentage,  interest, 
banking,  dividends  and  investments  as  em- 


(Ac-41) — European  beginnings  in  America. 
Coming  of  the  English.  Growth  of  colonies. 
War  of  the  Revolution.  Early  republic. 

Rise  of  the  Middle  West.  Civil  War.  Na- 
tional development.  United  States  in  the 
World  War. 

ELEMENTARY  GEOGRAPHY  (Ac-23)— The 
United  States  and  foreign  countries : their 
industries,  commerce,  and  physical  features. 
The  earth : latitude  and  longitude.  Winds. 
Rain.  Ocean  movements.  Plants,  animals, 
and  peoples  of  the  earth. 

Year 

ployed  in  business  organizations  large  and 
small. 

COMMERCIAL  GEOGRAPHY’  (Ac-10)— The 
United  States  and  foreign  countries.  Climate 
and  topography.  Industries.  Manufactures. 
Trade  and  trade  routes.  World  commerce. 
Law  of  trade.  Expansion  of  industry  and 
resources.  The  world  highway. 

NOTE:  li'ith  the  sixth  lesson  a year’s  subscrit>- 
tion  to  the  National  Geographic  Magazine  is 
sent  to  the  student. 

PENMANSHIP  (Co-12) — Correct  positions  in 
writing.  Definition  of  movement.  Rapid, 
plain,  coarse-pen,  muscular-movement  writ- 
ing for  business  or  social  use. 


Second  Year 


ENGLISH  COMPOSITION  (Ac-4 1— Diction, 
sentence  mutation.  Grammar.  Letter  vrrit- 
ing.  Narration.  Description.  Exposition. 
Argumentation.  Figures  of  speech.  Meter. 

BOOKKEEPING  (Co-10)— Single  entry.  Dou- 
ble entry.  Types  of  accounts.  Posting.  Re- 
cording in  journal.  Types  of  journals.  Out- 
line of  accounts  used  in  partnership.  Ac- 
cruals and  deferred  items.  Manner  of  cor- 
poration organization.  Exhibits  and  sched- 
ules. Corporation  Bookkeeping  and  account- 


ing. Advantages  of  cost  system.  Important 
features  of  cost  systems.  Books  of  account. 

WORLD’S  HISTORY  TO  1789  (Ac-29 (—Stone 
age.  Egypt.  Babylonia.  Assyria.  Chaldea. 
Medo-Persian  Empire.  Hebrews.  Dawn  of 
European  civilization.  Greece.  Rome.  Rise 
of  Papacy.  Medieval  civilization.  Seven- 
teenth and  Eighteenth  centuries — struggle 
in  England  between  King  and  Parliament. 
France.  Russia.  Prussia. 


ELECTTl’E^Choose  ONE  or  TWO  of  the  following  subjects.  Only  ONE  Language  may  be 
selected. 


ELEMENT’Y'  FRENCH,  with  Rec'ds  (ML-32). 

ELEMENT’Y'  SPANISH,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-31). 

ELEMENT’Y  GERMAN,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-3T). 

ELEMENT’Y’  ITALIAN,  with  Rec’ds  (ML-40). 
A comprehensive  study  of  grammar  together 
with  numerous  conversational  lessons  cal- 
culated to  enable  the  student  to  speak  the 
language  and  to  understand  the  construction 
of  the  sentence.  Reading  lessons. 

Third 

ADVANCED  BUSINESS  ENGLISH  AND 
CORRESPONDENCE  (Co-9i— Parts  of 
speech.  Punctuation.  Style  of  business 
English.  Correctness  and  force  in  sentence 
structure.  Correctness  and  force  in  dictation. 
Business  forms  and  usages.  Mechanical 
make-up  of  letter.  Official  and  social  forms. 
Essential  qualities  of  business  letter.  Con- 
struction of  letter.  Routine  letters.  Claims 
and  adjustment  letters.  Collection  letters. 


^Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 


ELEMENTARY  ALGEBRA  (Ma-D— Funda- 
mental operations.  Simple  and  simultaneous 
equations.  Graphical  solution  of  equations. 
Involution  and  evolution.  Theory  of  ex- 
ponents and  imaginary  numbers. 
TYPEWRITING  (Co-13)— Mastery  of  the  key- 
^ard.  Typewriting  technique.  Accuracy 
drills.  Speed  drills.  Correspondence. 

At  the  time  he  enrolls,  student  should  specify 
■zchat  make  of  typcturitcr  he  intends  to  use. 

Year 

Sales  letters.  Follow-up  letters.  Advertis- 
ing copy.  Business  narrative.  Filing  system. 

BUSINESS  LAW  (Co-1) — Principles  of  con- 
tract. Operation  and  discharge  of  contracts. 
Contracts  concerning  goods.  Bailment  of 
goods.  Contracts  concerning  credits.  Con- 
duct of  business  through  representatives. 
Partnerships.  Corporations.  Real  property. 
Personal  property. 


“The  prizes  in  business  today  go  to  the  men  who  keep 
profitably  busy  as  a result  of  their  own  initiative” — Babco.v 


164 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


ELECTIv  E — Choose  ONE  or  TWO  of  the  following  subjects.  Only  ONE  Shorthand  Course 
may  be  selected. 


ISAAC  PITMAN  SHORTHAND  (Co-19)— 
The  original  system  of  phonography.  Prac- 
tice in  speed.  Practice  in  accuracy.  Build- 
ing up  a complete  vocabulary. 

GRAHAM  SHORTHAND  (Co-18)— Building 
up  a complete  working  knowledge  of  the 
system.  Practice  in  accuracy,  and  in  speed. 

GREGG  SHORTHAND  (Co-14) — A light-line 
system.  No  shading.  No  dots,  dashes  or  po- 
sition writing.  Practice  in  accuracy,  and  speed. 

WORLD’S  HISTORY  1789  to  1920  (Ac-14)  — 
Conditions  and  reforms  in  the  Eighteenth 
century.  French  Revolution  and  Napoleon. 
Reconstruction  of  Europe.  Reforms  in  Eu- 
rope. Before  the  World  War.  Expansion 
of  Europe.  Spread  of  western  civilization. 
Europe  in  the  opening  years  of  the  Twen- 

Fourth 

BUSINESS  ECONOMICS  (Co-5)— Underlying 
conditions  of  national  prosperity.  Primary 
factors  of  production,  labor,  power,  land, 
capital.  Productive  industries.  First  law  of 
the  market.  Relation  of  utility  to  value. 
Banking.  Marketing.  “Free-trade.”  “Protec- 
tionism.” Distribution  of  wealth.  Wages. 
Labor  organization.  Rent  of  land.  Source 
of  interest.  Cost  of  capital.  Profits.  Con- 
sumption of  wealth.  Rational  consumption. 
Luxury.  Taxation.  Financing  of  war.  Com- 
munism. Socialism.  Anarchism.  Construc- 
tive liberalism. 

OFFICE  MANAGEMENT  (Co-71  —Principles 
of  office  administration.  Selection  of  an  of- 
fice. Layout  and  flow  of  work.  Labor  sav- 
ing devices.  Methodizing  means  of  commu- 


tieth  century.  The  World  War.  The  Rus- 
sian Revolution.  Reconstruction  of  Europe. 
Europe  after  the  World  War. 

PLANE  GEOMETRY  (Ma-14) — Characteristics 
of  rectilinear  figures.  The  circle,  the  tri- 
angle and  other  polygons.  Similar  figures. 
Areas  of  polygons.  Properties  of  regular 
polygons  and  mensuration. 

tCHEMISTRY  (Ac-42) — The  chemist  and  mat- 
ter. Laws,  theories,  formulas,  and  eciua- 
tions.  The  elements  and  their  compounds 
— their  properties — physical  and  chemical. 

JBIOLOGY  (Ac-16) — Composition  of  living  and 
lifeless  things.  Foods,  plants,  animals,  and 
the  human  body — characteristics,  structures, 
adaptations,  and  functions  of  organs. 

BOOKKEEPING  (Co-10)— Continued. 

Year 

nication.  Control  of  correspondence  and  re- 
lated activities.  Handling  office  detail.  Work 
of  business  departments,  advertising,  ac- 
counting, sales.  Training  and  developing  of 
office  workers.  Business  writing.  Business 
speech. 

WORLD’S  HISTORY:  AMERICAN  HISTORY 
(Ac-15) — Discovery  and  exploration.  Coloni- 
zation. Colonial  history.  Independence,  1775- 
1783.  The  Constitution.  1783-1789.  Federal- 
ist supremacy,  1789-1800.  Jeffersonian  re- 
publicans, 1801-1812.  War  and  Peace,  1812- 
1829.  National  democracy,  1829-1844.  Slav- 
ery in  the  territories.  Secession.  Civil 
War.  Reconstruction.  National  develop- 
ment. United  States  in  our  own  times. 
The  great  war. 


OPTION AL — Choose  ONE  or  TWO  of  the  follow 
may  be  selected. 

tPHYSICS  (Ac-43) — Weights  and  measures. 
Work.  Mechanics  of  liquids  and  gases. 
Force  and  motion.  Strength  of  materials. 
Energy.  Heat.  Electricity.  Sound.  Light. 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE  (Ac-5)— Criticism  of 
works  of  standard  authors.  Composition. 
Reference  books — History  of  English  litera- 
ture. Old  Testament  selections.  Shakespeare, 
Scott,  Dickens,  Eliot,  Carlyle.  Other  stand- 
ard English  authors. 

ADV.  FRENCH,  COMMERCIAL  (ML-34). 
ADV.  SPANISH,  COMMERCIAL  (ML-35). 
ADV.  GERMAN,  COMMERCIAL  (ML-39). 
ADV.  ITALIAN,  COMMERCIAL  (ML.42). 
Composition.  Drill  in  idioms.  Transla- 
tions. Commercial  correspondence.  Recog- 
nized commercial  modes  of  expression.  Bank- 

* Optional.  (Sec  Page  12.) 

t Helpful  experiments  are  included  in  the  lessons. 

desire,  may  purchase  a suitable  laboratopy  out 
t A box  of  apparatus  and  chemicals  zvill  be  sent 


ing  subjects  if  desired.  Only  ONE  language 

ing  operations.  Making  out  of  shipping 
documents  and  invoices.  Commission  busi- 
ness. Transportation. 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45)— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  draiving  equipment  including  in- 
struments, furnished — no  additional  cost. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications 
and  renderings.  Object  drawing.  Light  and 
shade.  Building  sketches.  Landscape  com- 
position. 

SHORTHAND— Continued. 


These  experiments  are  optional.  Students  who 
fit  from  us  at  cost.  Price  on  application, 
for  performing  the  experiments. 


Trade  High  School 

(AC-58xTr) 

Are  you  one  of  thousands  of  young  men  who  feel  the  need  of  a high 
school  course,  but  who  must  earn  your  living  at  some  trade?  Many  a man 
with  a good  general  education  has  found  it  difficult  to  make  ends  meet  be- 
cause of  a lack  of  specialized  knowledge.  Many  a good  trades  worker  feels 
the  hardship  to  himself  and  his  family  which  results  from  a lack  of  the  educa- 
tion necessary  to  make  the  most  out  of  life.  If  you  are  without  a high  school 
education  and  expect  to  earn  your  living  through  one  of  the  trades,  this  Trade 
High  School  Course  is  your  opportunity.  Even  if  you  have  not  completed  your 
grammar  school  education,  you  can  take  advantage  of  it. 


Release  Your  Abilities  from  Bondage 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


165 


Note  the  introductory  group  of  subjects  for  those  who  have  not  yet  the 
education  to  chrry  through  the  lessons  of  high  school  subjects  successfully. 
Any  or  all  of  these  subjects  may  be  taken  without  additional  charge. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 


Introductory  Group 

*OPTIONAL — Choose  ANY  or  ALL  of  the  following  subjects; 


ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  FOR  BEGINNERS 
(Ac-1) — Pronunciation.  Spelling.  Parts  of 
speech.  Sentence  elements.  Capitalization. 
Punctuation.  Paragraphing.  Letter  writing. 

GRAMMAR  SCHOOL  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-27) 
— Fundamental  operations.  Fractions. 
Weights  and  measures.  Practical  measure- 
ments. Percentage.  Business  applications. 
Ratio  and  proportion.  Powers  and  roots. 
Arithmetical  and  geometrical  progressions. 

ELEMENTARY  HISTORY  OF  THE  U.  S. 
\ 

First 

ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  AND  COMPOSITION 
(Ac-3) — Word  formation.  Sentence  correc- 
tion. Grammar.  Punctuation.  Paragraph- 
ing. Letter  writing.  Four  principal  types 
of  composition. 

CIVICS:  AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  AND 
CITIZENSHIP  (Ac-11) — Human  needs  and 
the  government.  Nature  of  modern  gov- 


(Ac-41) — European  beginnings  in  America. 
C)oming  of  the  English.  Growth  of  colonies. 
War  of  the  Revolution.  Early  republic. 
Rise  of  the  Middle  West.  Civil  War.  Na- 
tional development.  United  States  in  the 
World  War. 

ELEMENTARY  GEOGRAPHY  (Ac-23)— The 
United  States  and  foreign  countries ; their 
industries,  commerce,  and  physical  features. 
The  earth ; latitude  and  longitude.  Winds. 
Rain.  Ocean  movements.  Plants,  animals, 
and  peoples  of  the  earth. 

Year 

ernment.  National,  state,  municipal  and 
rural  governments.  Community  life.  Ele- 
ments of  community  welfare.  Financial, 
economic,  industrial  and  social  problems. 
PHYSICAL  GEOGRAPHY  (Ac-24)— The  earth 
and  the  solar  system.  Surface  features  of 
the  earth.  Crustal  movements  and  vulcan- 
ism.  Climate.  The  earth’s  magnetism.  The 
ocean.  Distribution  of  life  maps. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  subject  (Ma^5)  or  TWO  subjects  {Ma-l)  and  (Ma-2). 


SHOP  ARITHMETIC  (Ma-5 )— Interesting  shop 
problems,  clear  explanations  and  simple  cal- 
culations. The  arithmetic  necessary  for  the 
work  in  the  shop. 

NOTE:  Students  taking  (Mo.'-S)  should  con- 
tinue their  7nathonatics  by  taking  (Ma-6). 

ARITHMETIC  (Ma-1) — Practical  problems, 

helpful  explanations  and  calculations  in- 


volving arithmetic  only.  Practical  consider- 
ations emphasized  throughout. 

NOTE:  Students  taking  (Ma-1)  and  {Ma-2) 
should  continue  their  mathematics  by  taking 
(Ma-3)  and  (Ma-4). 

GEOMETRY  (Ma-2) — Explanations,  problems, 
and  calculations  having  to  do  with  Plane 
surfaces  and  solids.  Simple  formulas  and 
the  use  of  letters  in  them.  Graphic  methods. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  subject  (Dr-45)  or  TWO  subjects  (Dr-42)  and  (Ar-I2). 


ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-45  )— Prac- 
tice in  the  use  of  instruments.  Freehand 
lettering.  Projections.  Sections.  Develop- 
ments and  intersections  of  surfaces.  Pic- 
torial representation.  Machine  fastenings. 
Pipes.  Sketching. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
ifistruments,  furnished — ho  additional  cost. 

ESSENTIALS  OF  DRAFTING  (Dr-42)— Geo- 
metrical drawing.  Drawing  instruments  and 
materials  and  their  uses.  Tracing.  Geomet- 


rical problems.  Conic  sections.  Orthograph- 
ic projection.  Development  of  surfaces.  In- 
tersection of  surfaces.  Isometric  and  oblique 
projection. 

All  necessary  drawing  equipment,  including 
instruments , furnished — no  additional  cost. 
FREEHAND  LETTERING  (Ar-12)— Letter 
construction.  General  proportions.  Shading. 
Roman  letters.  Old  Roman.  Modern  Roman. 
Commercial  Gothic.  Single-stroke  letters. 
Composition  and  titles. 


Second  Year 

ENGLISH  COMPOSITION  (Ac-4)— Diction,  tCHEMISTRY  (Ac-42)— The  chemist  and  mat- 
sentence  mutation.  Grammar.  Letter  writ-  ter.  Laws,  thories,  formulas,  and  equations, 

ing.  Narration.  Description.  Exposition.  The  elements  and  their  compounds — their 

Argumentation.  Figure  of  speech.  Meter.  properties — physical  and  chemical. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  subject  (Ma-6)  or  the 
ADVANCED  SHOP  MATHEMATICS  (Ma-6) 
— Formulas  and  how  to  use  them.  How  to 
use  tables  and  charts.  Geometric  construc- 
tions for  the  man  in  the  shop.  Trigonom- 
etry as  used  in  practical  problems. 
ALGEBRA  (Ma-3) — Thorough  work  in  this 
subject  made  interesting  by  practical  prob- 

* Optional.  {See  Page  12.) 

t Helpful  experiments  arc  included  in  the  lessons, 
desire,  may  purchase  a suitable  laboratory  out. 


TWO  subjects  (Ma-3)  and  {Ma-4). 

lems.  Instruction  necessary  in  order  to  deal 
with  formulas  and  equations.  Graphs  and 
how  to  make  them. 

TRIGONOMETRY  (Ma-4)— Logarithms.  Trigo- 
nometry in  its  varied  uses  in  the  engineer- 
ing field.  Some  of  the  more  important 
graphical  problems. 


These  experiments  are  optional.  Students  who 
^ from  i(s  at  cost.  Price  on  application. 


That  Job  Ahead — Can  You  Fill  Itf 


166 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


MECHANICAL  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-47  ( 
— Working  drawings  of  objects.  Correct  di- 
mensioning of  drawings.  Sectioning.  De- 
tailing from  assemblies.  Making  assembly 
drawings  from  details. 

ARCHITECTURAL  DRAWINGS  (Ar-16)  — 


Sketch  plans.  Architectural  symbols.  Stair- 
way circulation.  Working  drawings  of  a 
brick  house.  Working  drawings  of  a frame 
house.  Floor  plans.  Elevations.  Sections. 
Scale  and  full-size  details.  Analysis  of  sev- 
eral existing  drawings. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


WORLD’S  HISTORY  TO  1789  (Ac-29)— Stone 
age.  Egypt.  Babylonia.  Assyria.  Chaldea. 
Medo-Persian  Empire.  Hebrews.  Dawn  of 
European  civilization.  Greece.  Rome.  Rise  of 
Papacy.  Medieval  civilization.  Seventeenth 
and  Eighteenth  centuries.  Struggle  in  Eng- 
land between  King  and  Parliament.  France. 

ANCIENT  HISTORY  (Ac-33 )— Egypt.  Tigris- 
Euphrates  states.  Phoenicians.  Hebrews. 


Persian  Empire.  Greeks — Prehistoric  Hellas, 
Cretan  civilization,  Homeric  Age,  Persian 
wars,  Athenian  leadership,  age  of  Pericles, 
fall  of  Athens.  Conquests  of  Alexander. 
Rome- — land  and  peoples,  legendary  history, 
unification  of  Italy,  government  of  the  re- 
public, conquests,  Pompey  and  Caesar,  the 
empire.  Rise  of  Christianity.  Teutons. 
Wanderings  of  the  peoples.  Dark  Ages. 
Western  Europe.  Empire  of  Charlemagne. 


Third 

tPHYSICS  (Ac-43 1 — Weights  and  measures. 
Work.  Mechanics  of  liquids  and  gases. 
Force  and  motion.  Strength  of  materials. 
Energy.  Heat.  Electricity.  Sound.  Light. 

•ENGLISH  LITERATURE  (Ac-5)— Criticism 


Year 

of  works  of  standard  authors.  Writing  of  at 
least  six  hundred  words  of  composition  with 
each  lesson.  Reference  books — History  of 
English  literature.  Old  Testament  selections. 
Shakespeare,  Scott,  Dickens,  Eliot,  Carlyle. 
Other  standard  English  authors. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


MACHINE  WORKING  DRAWING  (Dr-46)  — 
Working  drawings  of  complex  machine  de- 
tails. Study  of  dimensioning  as  related  to 
drawing  room,  pattern  shop  and  machine 
shop.  Assembly  drawings  from  details.  As- 
sembly and  general  shop  notes. 

FREEHAND  DRAWING  (Ar-13)— Pencil  tech- 
nique. Perspective  principles,  applications. 


and  renderings.  Parallel  perspective.  An- 
gular perspective.  Object  drawing.  Build- 
ing sketches.  Landscape  composition. 

MACHINE  SKETCHING  (Dr-48)— Training  in 
the  sketching  of  machine  parts.  Sketches 
of  machine  details,  sections  and  assemblies. 
Assembly  sketches  from  machine  details 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


MECHANICS  (CE-11) — Components,  result- 
ants and  equilibrium  of  forces.  Center  of 
gravity.  Moment  of  inertia.  Machines.  Uni- 
form motion.  Accelerated  motion.  Centrif- 
ugal force.  Laws  of  falling  bodies.  Poten- 
tial and  kinetic  energy. 

BUILDING  MATERIALS  (Ar-3)— Cements. 
Mortars.  Concrete.  Brick.  Stone.  Terra 
cotta.  Cast  iron.  Steel.  Wood.  Fireproof- 
ing materials.  Reinforced  concrete.  Plumb- 
ing and  drainage  materials.  Plaster,  In- 
terior trim.  Paint.  Roofing  tile, 
ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM  (EE-5)  — 
Electromotive  force,  current,  and  resistance. 
Electrical  circuits.  Nature  and  properties  of 


magnetism.  Magnetic  circuits.  Electromag- 
netic induction.  Principles  of  direct  cur- 
rents. First  studies  in  alternating  currents. 
Batteries,  electrolysis,  and  the  electrochemi- 
cal industries. 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTICAL 
MEN  (EE-7) — Current.  Resistance.  Elec- 
tro-motive force.  Magnetism.  Direct  cur- 
rent generators,  parts  and  windings.  Heating 
and  power.  D.C.  motors  and  controllers.  Re- 
sistance. Alternating  currents.  Transformers. 
Polyphase  principles.  Alternators.  A.C.  mo- 
tors. Controllers.  Synchronous  converter. 
A.C.  and  D.C.  motor  troubles.  Storage  batter- 
ies. Illumination.  Lamps,  reflectors.  Wiring. 


ELECTTV'E — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  subjects: 


W^ORLD’S  HISTORY.  1789  to  1920  (Ac-14)  — 
Conditions  and  reforms  in  the  Eighteenth 
century.  French  Revolution  and  Napoleon. 
Reconstruction  of  Europe.  Reforms  in  Eu- 
rope Before  the  World  War.  Expansion  of 
Europe.  Spread  of  western  civilization. 
Opening  years  of  Twentieth  century.  World 
War.  Russian  Revolution.  Reconstruction 
of  Europe.  Europe  after  the  World  War. 

WORLD  S HISTORY:  AMERICAN  HISTORY 
(Ac-15) — Discovery  and  exploration.  Coloni- 
zation. Colonial  history.  Independence, 
1776-1783.  The  Constitution,  1783-1789.  Fed- 
eralist supremacy,  1789-1800.  Jeffersonian  re- 


publicans, 1801-1812.  War  and  peace,  1812- 
1829.  National  democracy,  1829-1844.  Slav- 
ery in  the  territories.  Secession.  Civil 
War.  Reconstruction.  National  development. 
United  States  in  our  times.  The  great  war. 

ENGLISH  HISTORY  (Ac-36 )— Early  Britain 
to  449  A.  D.  Saxon  England,  449-1066.  Nor- 
man England.  1066-1154.  England  under 
the  Plantagenets,  1154-1485.  Tudor  Eng- 
land, 1485-1603.  Puritan  Revolution  and 
Royalist  reaction,  1603-1688.  Constitutional 
monarchy,  1688-1820.  British  Empire,  1820- 
1921.  Anglo-American  relations.  Irish 
question.  England  in  the  World  War. 


Fourth 

ELECTIVE — Choose  any  TWO  of  the  following  . 

APPLIED  ELECTRICITY  FOR  PRACTICAL 
MEN  (EE-7) — Continued. 

BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION  (Ar-4)— Foun- 
dations. Arches.  Structural  work.  Wooden 
framing.  Interior  trim.  Standard  mill  con- 

* Oftioiial.  (See  Page  12.) 

t Helfful  experiments  are  inclnded  in  the  lessons, 
desire,  may  purchase  a suitable  laboratory  out 


Year 

ibjects: 

struction.  Fireproof  construction.  Rein- 
forced concrete.  Heating  and  ventilation. 
Plumbing  and  drainage.  Gas  piping.  Elec- 
tric lighting.  Roofing.  Lathing  and  plaster- 
ing. Painting  and  decorating. 


These  experiments  arc  optional.  Students  who 
it  from  us  at  cost.  Price  on  application. 


Let  Your  Knozvlcdye  Be  Your  (luide 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


167 


ESTIMATING  AND  COST  KEEPING  (Ar-6) 
Ten  laws  of  management.  Rules  of  secur- 
ing minimum  cost.  Piece  rate.  Bonus. 
Other  systems.  Measuring  output  of  work- 
men. Quantity  survey.  Cost  keeping.  Of- 
fice appliances  and  methods.  Bookkeeping 
for  small  cost.  Miscellaneous  cost  depart- 
ment blanks.  Practical  problems. 

PLANE  SURVEYING  (CE-3 1— Definitions. 
Adjustment  and  the  use  of  level,  transit  and 
other  instruments.  Survey  computations.  De- 
termination of  meridian,  latitude,  longitude 
and  time.  Magnetic  declination.  Private  and 
U.  S.  public  land  surveys.  Mapping.  Topo- 
graphic, hydrographic  and  city  surveys 
Earthwork  surveys  and  computations.  The 
judicial  functions  of  the  surveyor. 

PLAIN  CONCRETE  CONSTRUCTION 
(CE-13) — Specifications  and  tests.  Forms. 
Mixing  and  handling.  Waterproofing  and 
coloring.  Reinforced  concrete  and  its 
strength.  Stucco  and  plaster  work.  Pre- 
cast concrete  shapes.  Sidewalks.  Floors. 
Roads.  Tanks.  Cisterns.  Silos.  Small 
highway  bridges  and  culverts. 

WIRING  PRACTICE  (EE-27)— Wire  and  wir- 
ing material.  Wiring  systems.  Selection  of 
the  wiring  system  tor  a job.  Costs.  Meth- 
ods of  installing  each  system.  Alternating 
and  direct -current  circuits.  Code  require- 
ments regarding  the  loading  of  circuits. 
Motors  and  generators,  principles,  operation 
troubles  and  remedies.  Electric  illumination, 
principles,  lamps,  reflectors,  typical  layouts, 
maintenance.  Contracts  and  specifications. 

NOTE:  Students  who  have  already  taken  the 
subject  Applied  Electricity  for  Practical  Men 
{EE-7)  will  not  desire  to  take  this  subject. 


MACHINE  SHOP  TOOLS  AND  METHODS 
(ME-14) — Measuring  instruments  and  their 
use.  Engine  lathes,  screw  cutting  machines. 
Shapers.  Slotters.  Milling  machines.  Bor- 
ing and  drilling  machines.  Gear  cutting  ma- 
chines. Key  seating  machines.  Grinding 
machines.  Cutting  tools.  Speeds  and  feeds. 

BLACKSMITHING  AND  FORGING  (ME-12) 
— Tools  and  equipment.  Welding.  Calcula- 
tion of  stock.  Upsetting.  Drawing  out  and 
bending.  Steam  hammer  work.  Forming 
dies.  Drop  forging.  Miscellaneous  forging 
operations,  tempering,  brazing,  shrinking. 
Pipe  bending.  Heat  treatment  of  steel.  High- 
speed steel  and  its  manipulation. 

FOUNDRY  PRACTICE  (ME-1 3)— Methods  of 
molding.  Working  with  green  sand,  dry 
sand,  and  loam.  Methods  of  molding  as  ap- 
plied to  steel,  brass,  bronze,  malleable  and 
chilled  iron.  Stresses  due  to  contracting  in 
molding.  Molding  machines.  Die  casting. 

PATTERNMAKING  (ME-16)— Uses  of  the 
principal  varieties  of  timber.  Seasoning. 
Shrinkage.  Pre.servation  of  timber.  Pat- 
terns and  their  relation  to  molding.  Equip- 
ment for  patternmaking. 

PLUMBING  (ME-8) — Plumbing  tools  and  ma- 
terials. Joints  and  connections.  Use  of 
soldering  iron.  Wiped  joints.  Work  with 
tile,  cast-iron  and  screwed  pipes.  House 
draining  systems.  Sewer  systems.  Water 
supply  systems.  Hot  water  supply.  House 
heating. 


ELECTIVE — Choose  ONE  of  the  following  Subjects; 


MACHINE  DRAWING  (Dr-9)— Drawings  of 
such  parts  as  couplings,  pulleys,  gears,  rivet- 
ed joints,  screw  threads,  springs,  pipe  fit- 
tings, bearing  boxes,  valves,  stuffing  boxes, 
pistons,  cross-heads,  connecting  rods,  cranks, 
eccentrics  and  straps. 

ELECTRICAL  DRAWING  (EE-18)— Lesson- 
notes  and  blueprints  supply  the  instruction 
and  data  needed  for  each  drawing.  Motor 
Drawings — Complete  assembly  and  detail 
drawings  of  a standard  electric  motor.  Pro- 
jections. Dimensions.  Standard  conven- 
tions. Wiring  Plans  and  Diagrams — Con- 
ventional symbols.  Typical  diagrams  used 
by  representative  electrical  manufacturers. 


Standard  symbols  for  wiring  plans.  Typical 
plans. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING  DRAWING  (CE-24)  — 
Conventional  signs  and  symbols.  Founda- 
tion plans.  Topographical  maps.  Highway 
and  railroad  maps.  City  plants.  Profiles. 
Cross  sections. 

ELEMENTARY  PERSPECTIVE  (Ar-10)  — 
Perspective  representation  of  objects.  Planes. 
Vanishing  points.  Vanishing  line  of  hori- 
zontal planes.  Cone  of  vision.  Plans  and 
elevations  of  objects.  Plan  method.  Height 
line.  Rectilineal  solids.  Curved  solids. 
Measuring  point  method.  Practical  methods. 


^OPTIONAL — Choose  ONE  if  desired: 

WORLD’S  HISTORY:  AMERICAN  HISTORY 
(Ac-1.5) — Discovery  and  exploration.  Coloni- 
zation. Colonial  history.  Independence, 
1775-1783..  The  Constitution.  1783-1789.  Fed- 
eralist supremacy,  1789-1800.  Jeffersonian  re- 
publicans, 1801-1812.  War  and  peace,  1812- 
1829.  National  democracy,  1829-1844.  Slav- 
ery in  the  territories.  Secession.  Civil 
War.  Reconstruction.  National  development. 
United  States  in  our  own  times.  The  great 
war. 

MODERN  HISTORY  (Ac-38) — Brief  review  of 
ancient  history.  Transition  period  from 
ancient  to  modern  history.  East  and  the 
Crusades.  The  Renaissance.  Reformation 
in  England.  Colonial  England.  France  and 
the  age  of  Louis  XIV.  Balance  of  power  in 
Europe  and  the  great  struggle  for  colonial 
supremacy.  Rise  of  Prussia  and  Russia. 
French  Revolution.  Napoleon  and  the  Na- 
poleonic Wars.  Congress  of  Vienna.  Em- 


'Optional. (See  Page  12.) 


pire  of  Germany.  Russian  Empire  in  the 
Nineteenth  century.  Near  Eastern  question. 
Triple  Alliance.  Entente.  World  War. 
Treaty  of  Peace  of  1919.  Conference  for 
the  Limitation  of  Armament. 

NOTE:  This  subject  (Ac-j8)  will  be  offered  as 
soon  as  there  is  a reasonable  demand  for  it. 

STRUCTURAL  DRAFTING  (CE-16)— Defini- 
tions and  general  methods.  Shop  drawings. 
Plate  girders.  Roof  trusses.  Columns. 
Bridge  trusses.  Mill  buildings.  Checking 
and  correcting  drawings.  Bills  of  materials. 
Shop  bills.  Shipping  bills. 

NOTE:  (CE-ej)  is  a prerequisite  for  (CE-i6). 

USE  OF  THE  SLIDE  RULE  (CE-D— Mechani- 
cal multiplication  and  division.  Roots, 
powers.  Theory  of  logarithms.  Setting  the 
rule  to  perform  various  arithmetical  calcu- 
lations. I.ocating  the  decimal  point.  How 
to  perform  a series  of  operations  on  the  rule. 


“You  may  not  he  a genius,  but  an  ordinary  mind,  fully  developed,  oftei 
enables  its  possessor  to  outstrip  those  zvith  far  greater  natural  advantages.' 


168 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Special  High  School 

(Ac-58x-Sp) 


Students  not  finding  the  work  they  desire  in  the  foregoing  high  school 
courses  may  enroll  for  this  course.  Select  your  own  course  from  the  following 
subjects.  The  information  g’iven  below  will  enable  you  to  make  up  a program 
that  should  satisfy  all  conditions  in  all  the  states  of  the  Union  as  the  equivalent 
in  content  of  a four-year  high  school  course,  for  which  a diploma  is  granted. 


English  Grammar  and  Composition  (Ac-3). 
English  Composition  (Ac-4). 

English  Literature  (Ac-5). 

World’s  History  to  1789  (Ac-29). 

World’s  History,  1789  to  1920  (Ac-14). 
World’s  History:  American  History  (Ac-16). 
Civics:  American  Government  and 
Citizenship,  (Ac-11),  or 


Civics : Government  and  Politics  in 
the  United  States,  (Ac-39). 
Physical  Geography  (Ac-24). 

General  Science  (Ac-25), 

Biology  (Ac-16). 

Elementary  Algebra  (Ma-11). 

Plane  Geometry  (Ma-14). 


IN  ADDITION,  any  FOUR  of  the  following  elective  subjects  are  also  required: 


Intermediate  Algebra  (Ma-12). 
Solid  Geometry  (Ma-15). 
Advanced  Algebra  (Ma-13). 
Plane  Trigonometry  (Ma-16). 
Chemistry  (Ac-42). 

Physics  (Ac-43). 

Commercial  Geography  (Ac-10). 
Ancient  History  (Ac-33). 
Elementary  French  (ML-32). 
Advanced  French  (ML-33), 
Elementary  Spanish  (ML-31). 
Advanced  Spanish  (ML-35). 
Elementary  German  (ML-37). 
Advanced  German  (ML-38). 
Elementary  Italian  (ML-40). 


Advanced  Italian  (ML-41). 

First  Year  Latin  (Ac-6). 
Caesar’s  Gallic  Wars  (Ac-7). 
Cicero’s  Orations  (Ac-8). 
Virgil’s  Aeneid  (Ac-9). 

Business  Arithmetic  (Co-11), 
Bookkeeping  (Co-10). 

Business  Economics  (Co-6). 
Business  Law  (Co-1). 

Shorthand  : 

Isaac  Pitman  (Co-19). 
Graham  (Co-18). 

Gregg  (Co-14). 

Essentials  of  Drafting  (Dr-45). 
Freehand  Drawing  (Ar-13), 


NOTE  I — Chemistry  and  physics  may  be  suhstitnfcd  for  physical  geography  and  general  science. 

NOTE  II — Two  subjects  i«  advanced  mathematics  or  one  elementary  foreign  language  may  he 
substituted  for  two  histories. 

NOTE  III — Each  elementary  foreign  language  covers  two  years’  high  school  work  and  counts 
as  two  subjects. 

NOTE  IV — Those  desiring  to  take  more  than  sixteen  subjects  may  have  additional  subjects  at  an 
extra  cost.  Price  on  application. 

NOTE  V — Those  dcsiriyig  to  enroll  for  a single  year's  program  made  up  from  the  subjects 
listed  above  should  consult  our  salesman  or  write  us  direct. 


Diplomas 

The  Extension  Division  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  issues  five  diplomas 
based  upon  public  school  subjects,  viz: 

The  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL  DIPLOMA  having  the  content  of  the  seventh 
and  eighth  grammar  school  grades. 

The  STANDARD  DIPLOMA  having  the  content  of  a four-year  high  school 
course. 

The  ECLECTIC  DIPLOMAS  having  the  content  of  two-,  three-,  or  four- 
year  high  school  courses. 

It  is  especially  recommended  that  those  desiring  a well-balanced  education 
in  English,  mathematics,  history,  and  science  pursue  the  course  of  study  lead- 
ing to  the  STANDARD  DIPLOMA,  the  equivalent  of  a four-year  public  high 
school  course. 

The  ECLECTIC  DIPLOMAS  are  intended  for  those  who  desire  to  elect 
subjects  of  special  interest  to  themselves  rather  than  for  meeting  special  rules 
and  regulations  of  state  educational  departments. 

In  general  it  may  be  stated  that  any  four  subjects  form  a high  school 
curriculum  for  one  year.  At  least  one  subject  in  English,  one  in  science,  one  in 
history,  and  one  in  mathematics  is  advised  for  all  eclectic  diplomas. 

Every  elementary  modern  foreign  language  subject  represents  two  years 
high  school  work  and  will  be  credited  in  the  diploma  as  two  of  the  four  units 
required  for  a year’s  work. 

Those  desiring  the  diploma  to  conform  to  the  legal  requirements  of  the 
state  in  which  they  live  should  consult  the  state  legal  requirements  for 
qualifying  certificate  or  diploma,  then  select  the  subjects  accordingly. 


7 Will  Study  and  Get  Ready  and  Maybe  My  Chance  Will  Come.” — Lincoln 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


169 


Every  high  school  diploma  will  be  issued  upon  the  completion  of  the 
required  number  of  subjects  and  will  represent  in  content  the  full  equivalent  of 
a high  school  curriculum  for  the  number  of  years  stated  therein.  The  titles  of 
the  subjects  in  every  case  will  be  wi'itten  into  the  diploma  thus  showing  the 
exact  work  accomplished  by  the  student  to  w'hom  the  diploma  is  issued. 


Single  Year  High  School  Courses 

We  accept  enrollments  for  a single  year’s  high  school  work.  Students 
desiring  one  year’s  high  school  work  should  enroll  for  one  of  these  courses: 


First  Year 

General  High  School  (Ac-54xGe). 
Commercial  High  School  (Ac-54xCo). 
Trade  High  School  (Ac-54xTr). 
Special  High  School  (Ac-54xSp). 

Second  Year 

General  High  School  (Ac-55xGe). 
Commercial  High  School  (Ac-55xCo). 
Trade  High  School  (Ac-55xTr). 
Special  High  School  (Ac-55xSp). 


Third  Year 

General  High  School  (Ac-56xGel. 
Commercial  High  School  (Ac-56xCo). 
Trade  High  School  (Ac-5GxTrl. 
Special  High  School  (Ac-56xSp). 

Fourth  Year 

General  High  School  (Ac-57xGe). 
Commercial  High  School  (Ac-57xCo). 
Trade  High  School  (Ac-57xTr). 
Special  High  School  (Ac-57xSp). 


In  all  our  high  school  programs  liberal  adjustments  in  the  selection  of 
subjects  are  allowed  to  meet  educational  requirements  of  the  various  States. 


English 

You  are  favorably  impressed  by  men  and  women  who  speak  and  write 
effectively.  The  way  you  express  yourself  advertises  you  favorably  or  acts 
against  you.  It  is  the  outward  sign  by  which  people  first  judge  your  ability, 
and  often  your  character.  English  is  today  most  important.  The  American 
who  cannot  speak  and  write  his  own  language  correctly  is  handicapped.  These 
courses  offer  you  an  easy,  rapid  way  to  become  a fluent  talker  and  a good  writer. 


English  Grammar  for 
Beginners 

(Ac-3x) 

This  is  an  elementary  course  for  the  person 
who  has  not  completed  a grammar  school 
education,  especially  if  he  did  not  go  beyond 
the  sixth  grade. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  FOR  BEGINNERS 
(Ac-1) — Pronunciation.  Spelling.  Parts  of 
speech.  Sentence  elements.  Capitalization. 
Punctuation.  Paragraphing.  Letter  writing. 

English  Grammar  and 
Composition 

fAc-8x) 

An  elementary  course  for  those  who  have 
had  English  grammar  for  beginners,  or  who 
have  a knowledge  of  English  equivalent  to  7th 
or  8th  grade  public  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  AND  COMPOSITION 
(Ac-3) — Word  formation.  Sentence  correc- 
tion. Grammar.  Punctuation.  Paragraph- 
ing. Letter  writing.  Four  principal  types 
of  composition. 

English  Composition 

(Ac-7x) 

This  course  is  intended  for  those  who  already 
have  a good  working  knowledge  of  English 
composition  and  those  who  wish  to  perfect 
themselves  in  the  understanding  and  use  of 
English.  After  the  completion  of  five  or  six 


lessons  in  this  course  it  would  be  of  value  to 
the  student  to  begin  a study  of  English  litera- 
ture. The  work  in  the  one  interestingly  sup- 
plements the  other. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ENGLISH  COMPOSITION  ' (Ac-4)— Diction, 
sentence  mutation.  Grammar.  Letter  writ- 
ing. Narration.  Description.  Exposition. 
Argumentation.  Figures  of  speech.  Meter. 

English  Literature 

(Ac-6x) 

This  course  takes  up  the  study  of  literature 
as  taught  in  the  best  high  schools  and  meets 
the  requirements  of  state  and  college  entrance 
examinations. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ENGLISH  LITERATURE  (Ac-5)— Criticism  of 
works  of  standard  authors.  Composition. 
Reference  books — History  of  English  litera- 
ture. Old  Testament  selections.  Shakespeare, 
Scott,  Dickens,  Eliot,  Carlyle.  Other  stand- 
ard English  authors. 

English  Grammar  (Brief) 

(Ac-9x) 

This  course  is  of  high  school  grade.  It  is 
intended  for  those  who  have  finished  the  7th 
and  8th  grades  in  public  school  and  who  de- 
sire a technical  review*  of  grammar. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ENGLISH  GRAMMAR  (Ac-2)  — Parts  of 
speech.  Exhaustive  sentence  analysis.  De- 
clensions. Conjugations.  Punctuation.  Para- 
graphs. Dictionary  nrill.  Pronunciation. 
Spelling. 


‘Reading  Maketh  a Full  Man,  , . . and  U'riting  an  Exact  ManF — Bacon 


170 


TRE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Latin 

Latin  is  an  important  subject  of  study  because  more  than  half  of  the 
words  in  the  English  language  are  derived  from  it.  Also,  it  is  the  language 
in  which  some  of  the  world’s  greatest  literature  was  written.  A knowledge  of 
Latin  gives  the  student  a more  complete  understanding  of  English. 


First  Year  Latin 

(Ac-5x) 

This  subject,  which  comprises  the  Latin 
studied  in  the  first  year  of  high  school,  gives 
the  student  a knowledge  of  Latin  grammar 
that  will  enable  him  to  begin  reading  Latin 
literature.  The  subject  also  posseses  a definite 
value  for  students  who  do  not  ^are  to  take 
more  advanced  work. 

Topics  Covered  tn  This  Course: 

FIRST  YEAR  LATIN  (Ac-6)— Nouns.  Ad- 

jectives. Adverbs.  Pronouns.  Regular  and 
irregular  verbs.  Rules  of  syntax.  Exer- 
cises in  word  formation  and  derivation. 
Easy  reading  selections. 


Caesar’s  Gallic  Wars 

(Ac-4x) 

Julius  Csesar,  the  founder  of  the  Roman 
Empire  in  fact  though  not  in  name,  was  one 
of  the  great  figures  of  history.  His  fame 
rests  both  upon  his  generalship  and  his  states- 
manship. Csesar  has  handed  down  to  us  a 
narrative  that  is  full  of  interest  for  its  de- 
scription of  the  Gauls,  of  military  operations, 
and  of  battles.  This  course  gives  the  student 
the  same  instruction  in  Latin  that  is  given  in 
the  course  in  Caesar’s  Gallic  Wars  usually 
studied  in  the  second  year  of  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
CAESAR’S  GALLIC  WARS  (Ac-7)— Transla- 
tion— Four  books  of  Caesar’s  Gallic  Wars. 
Review  of  grammar.  Composition  exercises. 
Exercises  in  word  formation  and  derivation. 


Cicero’s  Orations 

(Ac-lOx) 

Cicero  ranks  as  Rome’s  greatest  orator  and 
takes  his  place  among  the  world’s  orators. 


The  student  today  is  impressed  by  the  rich  flow 
of  language  that  swayed  his  hearers  nearly 
2000  years  ago  and  he  follows  the  arguments 
with  keen  interest.  Equivalent  of  one  year’s 
study  of  Cicero  in  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
CICERO’S  ORATIONS  (Ac-8) — Translation — 
First  Oration  against  Catiline.  Second  Ora- 
tion against  Catiline.  Third  Oration  against 
Catiline.  Manilian  Law.  Defense  of  Archias. 
Grammar  and  composition. 


Virgil’s  Aeneid 

(Ac-llx) 

Among  the  few  great  masterpieces  of  epic 
art  stands  the  Aeneid  by  Virgil.  It  has  ex- 
erted a great  influence  on  medieval  and  mod- 
ern literature,  where  one  finds  many  allusions 
to  it.  Throughout  the  study  of  this  course, 
the  student  has  the  opportunity  to  enjoy  a 
most  fascinating  and  charming  product  of  the 
imagination. 

This  course  covers  the  same  materials  as 
one  year’s  study  of  Virgil  in  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
VIRGIL’S  AENEID  (Ac-9)  — Translation — 
Aeneid,  books  I,  II,  III,  IV,  VI.  Grammar 
and  composition.  Versification.  Content. 
Style.  Appreciation. 


Latin  Composition 

(Ac-38x) 

This  course  is  designed  for  students  who 
wish  to  study  Latin  composition  separately. 
It  fulfills  college  entrance  requirements. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

LATIN  COMPOSITION  (Ac-30)— Complete 
study  of  syntax  with  written  exercises  based 
upon  it. 


Science 


What  a world  of  knowledge  and  interesting  research  is  open  to  the  man 
or  woman  who  knows  something  of  science!  An  understanding  of  even  the 
elemental  facts  helps  greatly  in  acquiring  profitable  knowledge  along  all  lines. 
The  manufacturer  has  his  laboratories;  so,  often  has  the  importer  and  retailer. 


The  mining  engineer  must  know  much 
average  man  can  apply  the  simpler  laws 
in  heating,  lighting,  and  furnishing  his 
which  one  cannot  use  an  understanding 

^General  Science 

(Ac-47x) 

This  course  in  General  Science  opens  to 
the  student  some  of  the  chief  fields  of  scien- 
tific progress  and  illustrates  their  importance 
in  daily  life.  It  points  out  the  direction  in 
which  progress  may  be  made  in  the  future.  The 

*A  box  of  af^faratus  and  chemicals  wi 


of  science;  so  must  the  farmer, 
of  science  in  caring  for  his  health  and 
home.  There  is  scarcely  a vocation  in 
of  science  to  advantage. 

course  corresponds  to  first  year  work  in  science 
in  the  best  high  schools. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
GENERAL  SCIENCE  (Ac-25)  — Air.  fire, 
water,  food  and  their  uses  to  mankind.  The 
forces  of  nature.  Homes  and  clothing. 
Work  with  everyday  machines.  Life — its 

origin  and  betterment. 

be  scut  for  performing  the  experiments. 


"Good  Instruction  Is  Better  Than  Riches.” — Il'in.  Penn 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


171 


fBiology 

(Ac-19x) 

This  course  covers  the  work  given  in  the 
best  high  schools  and  enables  the  student  to 
become  familiar  with  the  laws  of  life  and  the 
relation  of  animal  life  to  plant  life. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
BIOLOGY  (Ac-16) — Composition  of  living  and 
lifeless  things.  Foods,  plants,  animals,  and 
the  human  body.  Structures,  adaptations, 
and  functions  of  organs. 

Botany 

(Ac-20x) 

This  course  deals  with  the  description  of 
plants  and  their  relation  to  human  welfare. 
The  work  is  the  equivalent  of  botany  as  studied 
in  the  best  high  schools  and,  if  studied  inten- 
sively, should  prepare  for  all  local  examina- 
tions. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
BOTANY  (Ac-44) — Plants  — structures  and 
functions  of  organs.  Forestry.  Plant  in- 
dustries. Classification  of  plants. 

Zoology 

(Ac-31x) 

This  study  of  Zoology  aims  to  present  to 
the  student  a comprehensive  view  of  the 
animal  kingdom.  It  deals  with  the  life 
phenomena  and  needs  of  the  organism,  adapta- 
tion to  environment,  methods  of  reproduction, 
and  economic  relation  to  mankind.  This  work 
is  equivalent  to  the  study  of  zoology  in  high 
schools  and,  if  studied  intensively,  will  pre- 
pare for  local  examinations. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ZOOLOGY  (Ac-45) — Structure,  habits  and  life 
history  of  insects,  birds,  frogs,  fishes,  cray- 
fishes, Protozoa,  Porifera,  (joelenterata  en- 
terata,  Annelida,  Mollusca,  Reptilia  and 
Mammalia. 

Physiology  and  Hygiene 

(Ac-30x) 

This  course  deals  with  the  uses  and  func- 
tions of  the  human  body;  bacteria  as  friends 
and  as  foes  to  man  ; foods  and  their  uses. 
The  course  comprises  work  done  in  the  best 
high  schools  in  the  subject  and,  if  studied  in- 
tensively, should  fully  prepare  the  student  for 
all  examinations. 


*Physics 

(Ac-52x) 

This  course  aims  to  present  the  fundamental 
principles  of  physics  and  to  describe  applica- 
tions of  importance  in  the  life  and  education 
of  the  student.  Problems  and  exercises  espe- 
cially adapted  to  home  study  are  assigned. 
Although  the  subject  as  presented  is  of  high 
school  grade  our  lessons  are  so  arranged  as 
to  permit  of  more  intensive  study  by  mature 
students. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
PHYSICS  (Ac-43 1 — Weights  and  measures. 
Work.  Mechanics  of  liquids  and  gases.  Force 
and  motion.  Strength  of  materials.  Energy. 
Heat.  Electricity.  Sound.  Light. 

Commercial  Geography 

(Ac-27x) 

The  course  is  of  high  school  grade  and  will 
prove  of  value  to  every  man  engaged  in  busi- 
ness and  to  those  who  expect  to  enter  the 
field  where  a knowledge  of  commercial  geog- 
raphy is  useful.  It  treats  of  the  industrial 
conditions  of  the  entire  world. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
COMMERCIAL  GEOGRAPHY  (Ac-10  (—The 
United  States  and  foreign  countries.  Climate 
and  topography.  Industries.  Manufactures. 
Trade  and  trade  routes.  World  commerce. 
Law  of  trade.  Expansion  of  industry  and 
resources.  The  world  highway. 

IVtth  the  sixth  lesson  a yearns  subscription  to 
the  National  Geographic  Mag(isine  is  sent  to 
the  student. 

Elementary  Geography 

(Ac-32x) 

The  course  in  Elementary  Geography  covers 
the  whole  range  of  geography  as  taught  in 
the  grades  of  our  best  schools.  To  those 
who  wish  to  continue  in  the  field  of  science, 
it  serves  as  an  introduction  to  general  science 
and  geology. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  GEOGRAPHY  (Ac-23)— The 
United  States  and  foreign  countries ; their 
industries,  commerce,  and  physical  features. 
The  earth  ; latitude  and  longitude.  Winds. 
Rain.  Ocean  movements.  Plants,  animals, 
and  peoples  of  the  earth. 

IVith  the  sixth  lesson  a year's  subscription  to 
the  National  Geographic  Magazine  is  sent  to 
the  student. 


Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
PHYSIOLOGY  AND  HYGIENE  (Ac-46)— The 
continuity  of  life.  The  human  mechanism  ; 
structure  and  functions  of  organs.  Nutrition. 
Bacteria  and  disease.  Personal,  domestic 
and  public  hygiene.  Sanitation. 

*Chemistry 

(Ac-53x) 

This  course  presents  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples of  chemistry  and  its  applications  in  the 
life  and  education  of  the  student.  It  is  of 
high  school  grade  or  first  year  college  grade, 
and  is  arranged  to  permit  intensive  study  by 
the  mature  student. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
CHEMISTRY  (Ac-42)— The  chemist  and  mat- 
ter. Laws,  theories,  formulas,  and  equations. 
The  elements  and  their  compounds — their 
properties — physical  and  chemical. 


Physical  Geography 

(Ac-28x) 

This  course  is  of  high  school  grade  and  is 
written  in  simple  terms.  Technical  terms  are 
sparingly  used  and  when  used  are  defined  by 
the  text.  The^  subject  may  well  be  an  in- 
troduction to  the  study  of  science — especially 
to  general  and  historical  geology. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
PHYSICAL  GEOGRAPHY  (Ac-24)  — The 
earth,  form,  latitude,  longitude,  map  con- 
struction, relief  maps.  The  sun,  solar  sys- 
tem, earth’s  rotation,  revolution,  zones,  time. 
Rivers,  river  valley  cycles,  systems.  Weath- 
ering, surface  wasting  agents,  soils.  Gla- 
ciers. Plains,  mountains,  and  plateaus. 
Volcanoes.  Earthquakes.  Atmosphere. 
Climate.  Earth’s  magnetism.  The  ocean. 
Classification  of  coast  line  features.  Dis- 
tribution of  life. 

These  experiments  are  optional.  Students  who 
us  at  cost.  Price  on  application. 


*Helpful  experiments  are  included  in  the  lessons. 

desire  may  purchase  a suitable  laboratory  outfit  from 
t A box  of  apparatus  and  chemicals  will  be  sent  for  performing  the  experiments. 


'Make  the  Most  of  Yourself  for  That  Is  All  There  Is  of  You.” — Emerson 


172 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


General  Geology 

(Ac-24x) 

An  introductory  course  in  geology  involving 
the  study  of  the  composition  of  the  earth,  the 
forces  and  agencies  which  build  it  up  and 
those  that  tear  it  down  and  the  land  forms 
resulting  from  these  processes. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course; 
GENERAL  GEOLOGY  (Ac-21) — Subdivision 
of  geology  and  methods  of  geologic  study. 
Minerals.  Rocks.  Volcanic  phenomena. 
Volcanoes.  Rock  destruction.  Transporta- 
tion. sorting  and  disposition  of  rock  mate- 
rial. Consolidation  of  rock  fragments.  Rock 
deformation.  Rock  metamorphism.  Earth- 
quake and  slower  movements.  Sculpture  of 
the  earth’s  surface.  Elementary  mapping. 

Historical  Geology 

(Ac-2.5 -x) 

A second  course  in  geology  in  which  is 
studied  not  only  the  history  of  the  earth  it- 
self, but  the  history  of  the  life  upon  it,  from 
the  beginning  to  man,  and  the  history  of  the 
science. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
HISTORICAL  GEOLOGY  (Ac-22)— Chronol- 
ogy of  the  rocks.  Mapping  and  correlation 
of  formations.  Nature  and  preservation  of 
fossils.  Summary  of  the  classes  and  char- 
acteristics of  plants  and  animals.  Origin 
of  the  earth.  Pre-geologic  stages  of  the 
earth.  Pre-Palaeozoic.  Detailed  study  of 
each  Palaeozoic  and  Mesozoic  period  with  a 
summary  for  each  era.  Detailed  study  of  the 
organic  evolution  of  man. 


Economic  Geology 

Metallic 

(Ac-22x) 

This  course  deals  with  the  principles  of 
formation,  metamorphism,  and  classification  of 
metallic  ores,  and  with  methods  of  determin- 


ing the  position,  value,  and  kind  of  ore  bodies; 
The  student  should  have  a knowledge  of  gen- 
eral geology  before  studying  this  course.  A 
knowledge  of  chemistry  and  physics  will  be 
helpful. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY,  METALLIC  (Ac-19) 
—Formation  of  minerals.  Flow,  composi- 
tion, chemical  work,  and  origin  of  under- 
ground water  and  its  relation  to  mineral 
deposits.  Folding  and  faulting.  Classifica- 
tion, form,  structure,  and  texture  of  min- 
eral deposits  and  ore  shoots.  Detrital  de- 
posits. Chemical  concentrates.  Evapora- 
tion residues.  Residual  deposits.  Lake 
Superior  hematite.  Solution  concentrates  at 
depth.  Regional  metamorphism  deposits. 
Native  copper  and  lead  and  zinc  near  sur- 
face as  sublimates  from  deep  seated  mag- 
mas. Thermal  water  deposits.  Veins  and 
intrusives.  Contact  metamorphism.  Min- 
erals of  pegmatitic  dikes.  Magmatic  con- 
centrates. Oxidation  and  other  metamorph- 
ism of  ores.  Metallogenetic  epoch  and  re- 
view. 


Economic  Geology 

Non>MetaIIic 

(Ac-23x) 

This  course  takes  up  the  origin,  mode  of 
occurrence,  value,  methods  of  locating, 
methods  of  extracting,  and  methods  of  prep- 
aration for  use  of  non-metallic  substances. 
Special  stress  is  laid  on  the  economic  geology 
of  petroleum.  The  student  should  have  some 
knowledge  of  general  and  historical  geology 
before  this  course  is  studied. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY,  NON-METALLIC 
(Ac-20) — Coal.  Petroleum.  Gas,  Building 
stones.  Clay,  Calcareous  cements.  Salines 
and  associated  substances.  Gypsum.  Fer- 
tilizers. Abrasives.  Asbestos.  Glass. 
Sands.  Graphite.  Non-metallic  rare  earths. 
Gems.  Underground  waters.  Elementary 
mapping.  Principles  of  formation  and  value 
of  deposits. 


History 

By  studying  the  events  which  have  shaped  the  course  of  the  world’s 
history,  we  are  better  able  to  understand  present-day  conditions  and  to  safe- 
guard the  future.  The  study  of  history  enriches  the  mind  of  the  student, 
broadens  his  outlook,  and  affords  him  a clearer  insight  into  the  problems  of 
life.  The  person  who  knows  history  is  much  better  prepared  to  succeed  and 
to  hold  his  own  with  other  people  than  he  who  is  ignorant  of  it.  Those  who 
have  never  had  a chance  to  study  a history  course  will  welcome  this  oppor- 
tunity. 


Elementary  History  of 
the  U.  S. 

Junior  High  School 

(Ac-37x) 

This  course  comprises  something  more  than 
the  work  of  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades  in 
grammar  school.  Students  w'ho  desire  an 
elementary  knowledge  of  the  developments  of 


this  country  from  striving  colonies  to  a world 
power  should  study  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  HISTORY  OF  THE  U.  S. 
(Ac-41) — European  beginnings  in  America. 
Coming  of  the  English.  Growth  of  colonies. 
War  of  the  Revolution.  Early  republic. 
Rise  of  the  Middle  West.  Civil  War.  Na- 
tional development.  .United  States  in  the 
World  War. 


“The  entire  object  of  true  education  is  to  make  people  not  merely  do  the  right 
things,  but  enjoy  them — not  merely  industrious,  but  to  love  industry— not 
merely  learned,  but  to  love  knowledge — not  merely  pure,  but  to  love  purity — 
not  merely  just,  but  to  hunger  and  thirst  after  justice.” — John  Ruskin 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


173 


World’s  History  to  1789 

(Ac-43x) 

Every  man»  woman,  boy,  and  girl  should 
have  some  knowledge  of  the  whole  past  of 
mankind.  Without  it  no  one  can  have  a real 
understanding  of  the  world  in  which  he  lives, 
for  the  simple  reason  that  the  present  ^ can 
only  be  explained  by  the  past.  The  conditions, 
institutions,  and  ideas  of  mankind  in  the  early 
years  of  history  are  worth  knowing,  for  upon 
these  our  present-day  mode  of  living  and  rules 
of  convention  w’ere  founded. 

This  course  is  the  equivalent  of  the  history 
studied  in  the  second  year  of  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
WORLD’S  HISTORY  TO  1789  (Ac-29 )— Early, 
middle,  and  late  stone  ages  Egypt.  Baby- 
lonia. Assyria.  Chaldea.  Medo-Persian 
Empire.  Hebrews.  Dawn  of  European  civili- 
zation. Athens  in  the  age  of  Pericles.  Alex- 
ander the  Great.  Hellenistic  age.  Romans’ 
conquests,  world  dominion  and  degeneracy, 
end  of  the  republic,  empire.  German  inva- 
sions. Rise  of  Papacy.  Mohammedans. 
Charlemagne.  Feudalism.  England  in  the 
Middle  Ages.  Crusades.  Medieval  civiliza- 
tion. Protestant  revolt  and  the  wars  of  re- 
ligion. Martin  Luther.  Seventeenth  and 
Eighteenth  centuries — struggle  in  England 
between  King  ^nd  Parliament,  France  under 
Louis  XIV,  Russia,  Prussia. 

W Grid’s  History  1 789  to  1920 

(Ac-44x) 

Great  changes  in  conditions,  ideas,  and  in- 
stitutions have  taken  place  in  the  past  two 
centuries.  It  is  important  that  every  one 
should  be  thoroughly  familiar  with  these 
changes.  Monarchies,  oligarchies,  and  empires 
have  crumbled  beneath  the  unconquerable  tide 
of  human  opinion.  Out  of  the  chaos  of  revolu- 
tion republics  governed  by  the  people  and  for 
the  people  have  risen. 

The  underlying  causes  that  have  brought 
about  this  great  transition  are  of  the  utmost 
interest  and  value  to  every  one.  History  as 
taught  in  the  third  year  of  high  school  is 
thoroughly  covered  in  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
w6RLD’S  history,  1789  TO  1920  (Ac-141  — 
Conditions  and  reforms  in  the  Eighteenth 
century.  French  revolution  and  Napoleon. 
Reconstruction  of  Europe  at  the  Congress  of 
Vienna.  Revolution  of  1848  in  France, 
Austria,  Germany,  Italy.  Formations  of 
Italy,  German  Empire,  Austria-Hungary.  Re- 
forms in  Europe  Before  the  World  War. 
Expansion  of  Europe.  Spread  of  western 
civilization.  British  Empire,  Russian  Em- 
pire, Turkey  and  the  Eastern  question.  Eu- 
ropean interests  in  the  Far  East.  Opening 
years  of  the  Twentieth  century.  The  World 
War.  The  Russian  Revolution.  Reconstruc- 
tion of  Europe.  Europe  after  the  World  War. 

World’s  History:  American 
History 

(Ac-45x) 

Social  and  economic  aspects  of  our  history, 
the  causes  and  results  of  wars,  and  the 
unique  characteristics  that  have  played  an 
important  role  in  shaping  the  destinies  of  our 
country  should  be  known  by  every  man  and 
woman  who  wants  to  become  an  American 
citizen. 

This  course,  which  goes  deeply  into  every 
phase  of  American  history,  is  equivalent  to 
that  studied  in  the  fourth  year  of  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
WORLD’S  HISTORY:  AMERICAN  HISTORY 


(Ac-15) — Discovery  and  exploration.  Coloni- 
zation. Colonial  history.  Independence,  1775- 
1783.  The  Constitution,  1783-1789.  Federal- 
ist supremacy,  1789-1800.  Jeffersonian  re- 
publicans, 1801-1812.  War  and  peace,  1812- 
1829.  National  democracy,  1829-1844.  Slav- 
ery in  the  territories.  Secession.  Civil  War. 
Reconstruction.  National  development.  United 
States  in  our  own  times.  The  great  war. 

Ancient  History 

(Ac-35x) 

A knowledge  of  the  political  and  industrial 
history  of  the  ancient  nations  of  the  world 
is  of  the  utmost  value  to  every  man  and 
woman  of  culture.  Also,  the  student  wishing 
to  gain  an  extra  point  in  history  can  prepare 
himself  by  studying  this  course.  It  is  equiva- 
lent to  one  year  of  history  in  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ANCIENT  HISTORY  (Ac-33)— Egypt.  Tigris- 
Euphrates  states.  Phoenicians.  Hebrews, 
Persian  Empire.  Greeks — Prehistoric  Hellas, 
Cretan  civilization,  Homeric  Age,  Persian 
wars,  Athenian  leadership,  age  of  Pericles, 
fall  of  Athens.  Alexander  and  his  con- 
quests. Mingling  of  the  East  and  West. 
Rome — land  and  peoples,  legendary  history, 
unification  of  Italy,  government  of  the  re- 
public, conquests,  Pompey  and  Caesar,  the 
empire.  Rise  of  Christianity.  Teutons. 
Wanderings  of  the  peoples.  Dark  Ages. 
Western  Europe.  Empire  of  Charlemagne. 

Modern  History 

(Ac-42x) 

The  conditions,  institutions,  and  ideas  of  the 
old  world  out  of  which  have  been  molded  our 
present-day  life  furnish  a very  interesting  and 
educative  part  of  history.  Every  man  or 
woman  who  takes  this  course  will  gain  in- 
creased breadth  of  vision.  Modern  History  as 
taught  in  one  year  of  high  school  is  covered 
thoroughly  in  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
MODERN  HISTORY  (Ac-38)— Brief  review  of 
ancient  history.  Transition  period  from 
ancient  to  modern  history.  East  and  the 
Crusades.  The  Renaissance.  Reformation 
in  England.  Colonial  England.  France  and 
the  age  of  Louis  XIV.  Balance  of  power 
in  Europe  and  the  great  struggle  for  colonial 
supremacy.  Rise  of  Prussia  and  Russia. 
Fiench  Revolution.  Napoleon  and  the  Na- 
poleonic Wars.  Congress  of  Vienna.  Em- 
pire of  Germany.  Russian  Empire  in  the 
Nineteenth  century.  Near  Eastern  question. 
Triple  Alliance.  Entente.  World  War. 
Treaty  of  Peace  of  1919.  Conference  for 
the  Limitation  of  Armament. 

English  History 

(Ac-41x) 

This  course  is  equivalent  to  one  year’s  study 
of  English  History  in  high  school.  It  can 
be  studied  to  advantage  by  the  student  to 
further  his  academic  education  and  by  all 
men*  and  women  who  wish  to  increase  their 
intellectual  powers. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ENGLISH  HISTORY  (Ac-36)— Early  Britain 
to  449  A.  D.  Saxon  England,  449-1066.  Nor- 
man England,  1066-1154.  England  under 
the  Plantagenets,  1154-1435.  Tudor  England, 
1485-1603.  Puritan  Revolution  and  Royal- 
ist reaction,  1603-1688.  Constitutional  mon- 
archy, 1688-1820.  British  Empire,  1820-1921. 
Anglo-American  relations.  Irish  question. 
England  in  the  World  War. 


Think  What  You  Might  Be  If  You  Knew  More 


174 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Government 


Wouldn’t  you  like  to  know  more  about  the  government  of  our  country 
and  her  states  and  cities?  Wouldn’t  you  like  to  understand  the  Constitution 
and  the  limitations  it  puts  upon  the  President,  Congress,  and  the  states?  Do 
you  know  about  the  functions  of  Congress,  the  duties  of  the  President,  the 
authority  of  the  Supreme  Court?  How  can  you  understand  the  conflicting 
opinions  in  the  newspapers,  the  arguments  in  Congress,  and  hold  your  own 
in  discussions  of  proposed  laws  and  public  questions  unless  you  know  the 
facts  concerning  the  workings  of  the  government  of  our  nation,  states,  and 
cities?  Every  American  should  know  the  important  facts  relating  to  the 
government  he  has  sworn  to  support.  These  courses  make  home  study 
easy  and  interesting. 


Civics:  American  Govern- 
ment and  Citizenship 

(Ae-2x) 

This  is  an  elementary  course  for  those  wish- 
ing to  have  a general  knowledge  of  American 
government.  It  is  of  especial  value  to  aliens 
who  desire  to  become  citizens. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
CIVICS:  AMERICAN  GOVERNMENT  AND 
CITIZENSHIP  (Ac-ID— Human  needs  and 
the  government.  Nature  of  modern  govern- 
ment. Civil  liberty.  Property  rights.  Po- 
litical liberty.  National,  state,  municipal 
and  rural  government.  Elements  of  com- 
munity welfare.  Financial,  economic,  in- 
dustrial and  social  problems. 


Civics:  Government  and 
Politics  in  the  United  States 

(Ac-33x) 

This  course,  which  is  equal  in  content  to 
the  work  done  in  the  best  high  schools  during 
the  fourth  year  or  that  done  in  the  first  year 
of  college,  is  especially  designed  for  the  ad- 
vanced student  who  desires  a technical  and 
theoretical  knowledge  of  civics. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
CIVICS:  GOVERNMENT  AND  POLITICS  IN 
THE  UNITED  STATES  (Ac-39)— Local  gov- 
ernments. State  governments.  The  nation- 
al government.  Powers  of  Congress.  Fed- 
eral judiciary.  Constitutional  protection  of 
business  and  personal  rights.  The  party. 
Public  opinion.  Civil  service.  Direct  legis- 
lation. 


Pedagogy 

In  order  to  be  a successful  teacher  one  must  not  only  understand  well 
what  he  teaches  but  also  know  the  best  methods  of  teaching.  A study  of  the 
mental  processes  of  the  student  and  of  teaching  methods  developed  and  used 
by  other  educators  is  very  helpful.  The  following  courses  present  this 
knowledge  in  a thorough  attractive  way. 


History  of  Education 

(Ac-13x) 

This  course  is  designed  for  teachers  who 
wish  to  complete  a study  of  the  subject  in  a 
short  time.  The  student  is  given  a clear  un- 
derstanding and  appreciation  of  present  day 
educational  problems  by  acquainting  him  with 
conditions  and  ideals  of  the  past  which  have 
produced  these  problems. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
HISTORY  OF  EDUCATION  (Ac-32)— Primi- 
tive, Oriental,  Greek  and  Roman  Education. 
Education  of  the  Middle  Ages,  Renaissance, 
Reformation,  Disciplinary,  Naturalistic,  Psy- 
chological, Scientific  and  Sociological  Con- 
ceptions of  Education.  Modern  tendencies. 
Educational  theories  and  experiments  worked 
out  by  pioneers.  Rise,  growth  and  com- 
parison of  the  national  systems  of  educa- 
tion in  England,  France,  Germany,  Italy, 
and  the  United  States. 


Educational  Psychology 

(Ac-15x) 

This  course  discusses  the  bases  of  child  be- 
havior and  the  relation  of  behavior  to  the 
modern  educational  principles  which  have  been 
evolved  for  its  control. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 

EDUCATIONAL  PSYCHOLOGY  (Ac-34)— The 
instinctive  behavior  of  children  is  explained 
in  a study  of  the  following  instincts : migra- 
tory, food  getting,  ownership,  gregarious 
play,  fighting,  display,  approval,  curiosity, 
imitation.  Effect  of  child  behavior  on  the 
four  principal  emotions.  Three  great  laws 
of  heredity.  Special  studies  of  heredity  and 
the  inheritance  of  acquired  characteristics. 
Environment.  Habit.  Sensation.  Perception. 
Attention.  Memory.  Imagination.  Thinking. 
Will.  Moral  development.  Individual  differ- 
ences. 


Note:  With  the  fifth  lesson  in  either  (but  not  both)  History  of  Education  or  Educational 
Psychology,  a year’s  subscription  to  the  Teachers  College  Record  is  sent  to  the  student. 


P.  J.  Garrcy,  Supt.  of  Schools,  Alien,  Mich. 

My  correspondence  work  with  the  Y.M.C.A.  has  given  me  a very  pleasant  surprise.  I find  a 
person  makes  just  as  much  progress,  if  the  course  is  conscientiously  pursued,  as  if  he  were 
daily  attending  lectures  in  some  well-known  college. 

Determination  Will  Achieve  Your  Desires 


« 


WITH  the  use  of  the  trans-oceanic  cable,  the 
aeroplane,  wireless  telegraphy,  and  the 
radiophone,  the  nations  of  the  world  have 
been  brought  into  a very  close  social,  political, 
and  commercial  relationship.  Men  and  women  who 
seek  positions  with  importers  or  exporters,  with 
manufacturers  who  sell  in  foreign  lands,  or  with 
banks  who  maintain  foreign  connections,  are  being 
asked  “Can  you  speak,  read,  and  write  French?” 
or,  as  the  case  may  be,  German,  Italian,  or  Spanish. 

But  to  many  people  the  cultural  advantage  of 
knowing  a foreign  language  appeals  more  strongly 
than  knowing  it  as  a business  asset.  Think  of  the 
pleasure  in  being  able  to  read  the  original  works 
of  noted  old-time  and  modei’n  writers  of  other  coun- 
tries, and  of  the  satisfaction  in  recognizing  instant- 
ly the  foreign  words  and  phrases  found  in  Ameri- 
can books  and  magazines.  To  understand  and 
converse  with  well-educated,  traveled  foreigners  is  even  more  delightful. 
Among  people  of  culture  and  learning  one  is  considered  as  lacking  essential 
education  if  he  cannot  write  and  talk  in  languages  other  than  English. 

Our  Better  Way  of  Teaching 

To  learn  a foreign  language  you  need  not  employ  a high-priced  teacher 
or  go  to  college.  You  can  learn  at  home  easily  and  rapidly  by  our  modern 
home-study  methods  in  which  the  phonograph  is  employed  to  teach  correct 
pronunciation.  This  interesting  method  makes  learning  a pleasure  instead 
of  a task.  Each  phonograph  record  speaks  as  your  personal  instructor,  for 
five  minutes  or  five  hours,  any  time  you  desire.  This  patient  instructor  re- 
peats, as  often  as  you  like,  all  words  and  phrases  until  you  become  letter 
perfect.  You  hear  the  exact  reproduction  of  the  native  professor’s  voice. 
You  listen  to  his  inflection  and  accent  until  you  also  can  speak  correctly.  You 
study  from  the  best  textbooks,  supplemented  by  instruction  sheets  that  make 
it  easy  to  understand  the  grammar  and  composition  of  the  language. 

Your  written  lessons  are  examined  by  professors  and  instructors  trained 
in  teaching  languages  by  the  correspondence 
method.  They  correct  faulty  grammar,  misspelled 
words,  and  incorrect  punctuation,  and  give  you  all 
the  personal  aid  you  require. 

High  Grade  Instruction 

M.  C.  Elsesser,  M.A.,  head  of  the  Department 
of  Modern  Languages,  has  had  fifteen  years’  ex- 
perience as  a teacher  of  languages.  After  gradu- 
ating from  the  French  Lycee  of  Belfort  and  the 
University  of  Berne,  he  was  for  some  time  profes- 
sor at  the  University  of  Paris.  On  coming  to  this 
country  he  became  professor  of  languages  at  Brown 
School  of  Tutoring,  and  later  professor  of  lan- 
guages at  Columbia  University.  Among  the  able 
instructors  assisting  Mr.  Elsesser  is  Nemesio  G. 

Mantero,  M.A.,  a graduate  of  the  University  of 
Madrid,  and  for  some  time  professor  at  the  La 
Gran  Antilla  College,  Havana,  Cuba. 

Yoitr  Ship  May  Not  Come  in  Unless  You  Have  Sent  One  Out 


176 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


French 

With  a knowledge  of  French  and  English  you  can  travel  the  world. 
From  the  standpoint  of  cultural  value  a knowledge  of  French  will  help  to 
broaden  one’s  intellect  immensely.  As  an  asset  in  business,  French  is  also  of 
great  importance.  Over  fifty  million  people  living  in  France,  Belgium, 
Switzarland,  Morocco,  French  Guiana,  and  Martinique  provide  an  attractive 
market  for  many  American  products. 

Elementary  French 

With  Records  (ML-31x) 


This  course  teaches  the  fundamentals  of 
grammar,  conversation,  and  reading,  giving  the 
student  a fair  working  knowledge  of  Frencn. 
Through  the  medium  of  the  records  the  student 
learns  the  correct  pronunciation  from  a French 
professor.  This  course  is  equivalent  to  two 
years’  study  of  French  in  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  FRENCH,  with  Records 
(ML-32)— French  Grammar.  Parts  of  speech. 
Use  of  various  tenses.  General  rules  for 
construction  of  French  sentences.  Conversa- 
tional lessons.  Reading  lessons — Histoire 
de  France,  La  Poudre  aux  Yeux. 

Elementary  French 

No  Records  (ML-27x) 

This  course  is  of  special  benefit  to  students. 
Those  also  who  wish  to  read  various  French 
literary  works  in  their  original  form  should 
study  this  course,  which  is  equivalent  to  two 
years’  study  of  French  in  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  FRENCH,  no  Records  (ML-23) 
— French  Grammar.  Parts  of  speech.  Use 
of  various  tenses.  General  rules  for  con- 
struction of  French  sentences.  Conversation- 
al lessons.  Reading  lessons — Histoire  de 
France.  La  Poudre  aux  Yeux. 

Advanced  French 
Academic 

With  Records  (ML-32x) 

The  object  of  this  course,  which  covers  the 
grammar,  reading,  and  composition  required 
in  the  third  year  of  high  school,  is  to  give  the 
academic  student  a complete  knowledge  of 
French  with  the  aid  of  phonographic  records. 
A knowledge  of  Elementary  French  is  a pre- 
requisite to  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  FRENCH,  ACADEMIC,  with 
Records  (ML-33) — French  prose  composi- 
tion. Drill  of  French  idioms.  Study  of 
the  principal  French  authors.  Translation 
of  English  into  French.  Phonograph  Rec- 
ords— Stories  in  French  by  Alfred  de  Vigny, 
La  Fontaine,  Bossuet,  Pierre  Loti,  Victor 
Hugo,  Molidre,  Chateaubriand,  Gautier,  A. 
Chenier.  Reading  lessons — “Les  Trois  Mous- 
quetaires,’  Dumas  ’’Monte  Cristo,”  Dumas. 

Advanced  French 
Commercial 

No  Records  (ML-3.3x) 

The  business  man  or  woman  desiring  to  learn 
French  so  that  it  will  be  a business  asset  will 
get  just  the  right  instruction  from  this  course. 
The  phraseology  of  business  transactions,  and 


other  affairs  of  importance  in  French  business 
are  taught  in  the  most  modern  way. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  FRENCH,  COMMERCIAL,  No 
Records  (ML-34) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Com- 
mercial correspondence.  Recognized  com- 
mercial modes  of  expression.  Banking 
operations.  Making  out  of  shipping  docu- 
ments and  invoices.  Commission  business. 
Transportation. 

Complete  French 
Academic 

With  Records  (ML-34x) 

This  course,  commencing  with  elementary 
grammar,  conversation,  and  reading,  takes  the 
student,  step  by  step,  through  every  phase  of 
the  French  language.  With  the  valuable  aid 
of  phonographic  records  the  student  is  drilled 
in  correct  pronunciation.  This  course  is  equal 
in  content  of  grammar,  composition,  and  read- 
ing to  that  covered  in  three  years  of  high  school. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  FRENCH,  with  Records, 
(ML-32)— Grammar.  Translation  exercises. 
Conversational  lessons.  Reading  lessons — 
Histoire  de  France.  La  Poudre  aux  Yeux. 
These  lessons  will  be  of  practical  value  to 
the  student  intending  to  travel  in  Europe. 
ADVANCED  FRENCH,  with  Records  (ML-33) 
— French  prose  composition.  Drill  of  French 
idioms.  Study  of  the  principal  French  au- 
thors. Translation  of  English  into  French. 
Phonograph  Records.- -Stories  in  French  by 
Alfred  de  Vigny,  La  Fontaine,  Bossuet. 
Pierre  Loti,  Victor  Hugo,  Moli^re,  Chateau- 
briand, Gautier,  A.  Chenier.  Reading  les- 
sons— Six  hundred  pages  of  French  literature 
is  the  minimum  amount  of  reading  required  : 
■’Les  Trois  Mousquetaires,”  Dumas.  “Monte 
Cristo,”  Dumas. 

Complete  French 
Commercial 

With  Records  (ML-53x) 

With  the  help  of  phonographic  records,  the 
student  is  made  perfect  in  Commercial  French. 
On  completion  of  the  course  he  should  be  able 
to  read,  talk,  and  write  French  like  a native, 
and  do  business  with  the  Frenchman  on  the 
common  ground  of  perfect  understanding. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  FRENCH,  with  Records  (ML- 
32) — Grammar.  Translation  exercises.  Con- 
versational lessons.  Reading  lessons — His- 
toire de  France.  La  Poudre  aux  Yeux. 
ADVANCED  FRENCH,  COMMERCIAL,  No 
Records  (ML-34) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Commer- 
cial correspondence.  Recognized  commer- 
cial modes  of  expression.  Banking  opera- 
tions. Making  out  of  shipping  documents 
and  invoices.  Commission  business.  Trans- 
portation. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


177 


Spanish 

A hidden  world  of  wonderful  literature  and  art  is  open  to  the  man  or 
woman  with  a knowledge  of  Spanish.  The  courageous  exploits  of  its  ancient 
voyageurs,  whose  activities  spread  the  web  of  civilization  to  the  further- 
most corners  of  the  earth,  have  been  transformed  into  delightful,  interesting 
stories  by  the  virile  pen  of  imaginative  Spanish  writers.  In  business  also,  a 
man  or  woman  with  a knowledge  of  Spanish  has  many  opportunities  for 
advancement. 


Elementary  Spanish 

With  Records  (ML-35x) 

Men  and  women  desiring  to  begin  the  study 
of  Spanish  and  acquire  such  understanding  as 
will  enable  them  to  talk  with  Spanish-speak- 
ing people  and  transact  every-day  business 
with  them,  should  study  this  course.  Pronun- 
ciation is  made  perfect  by  practice.  It  is 
equivalent  to  two  years  of  Spanish  as  studied 
in  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  SPANISH,  with  Records 
(ML-31) — Grammar.  General  rules  for  con- 
struction of  Spanish  sentences.  Conversa- 
tional lessons.  Reading  lessons — “Amalia,” 
"Amparo.” 

Elementary  Spanish 

No  Records  (ML-28x) 

This  course  will  meet  the  needs  of  the  stu- 
dent who  feels  competent  to  gain  a knowledge 
of  Elementary  Spanish  without  the  use  of 
phonographic  records.  During  the  course  of 
study,  the  reading  of  two  hundred  pages  of 
Spanish  literature  is  required.  It  is  equivalent 
to  two  years  of  Spanish  as  studied  in  high 
school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  SPANISH,  no  Records  fML- 
24) — Grammar.  General  rules  for  construc- 
tion of  Spanish  sentences.  Conversational 
lessons.  Reading  lessons — “Amalia,”  “Am- 
paro.” 

Advanced  Spanish 
Academic 

No  Records  (ML-36x) 

The  object  of  this  course,  which  covers  the 
grammar,  reading,  and  composition  required  in 
the  third  year  of  high  school,  is  to  give  the 
academic  student,  with  the  aid  of  phono- 
graphic records,  a complete  knowledge  of 
Spanish. 

A knowledge  of  Elementary  Spanish  is  a 
prerequisite  to  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  SPANISH,  ACADEMIC,  no  Rec- 
ords, (ML-35) — Spanish  prose  composition. 
Drill  in  Spanish  idioms.  Study  of  the  prin- 
cipal Spanish  authors.  Translation  of  Eng- 
lish into  Spanish.  Reading  lessons — “La 
Navidad  en  las  Montanas.”  “Don  Quijote,” 
Cervantes, 

Advanced  Spanish 
Commercial 

With  Records  (ML-37x) 

This  course  will  be  of  great  value  to  the 
man  or  woman  with  a fair  knowledge  of  Span- 


ish who  wish  to  become  proficient  in  this  lan- 
guage as  employed  in  the  business  field.  With 
the  assistance  of  the  phonograph  records  that 
accompany  this  course,  the  student  can,  in  a 
short  time,  acquire  a perfect  pronunciation. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  SPANISH,  COMMERCIAL,  with 
Records,  (ML-36) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Commer- 
cial correspondence.  Recognized  commercial 
modes  of  expression.  Banking  operations. 
Making  out  of  shipping  documents  and  in- 
voices. Commission  business.  Transporta- 
tion. 

Complete  Spanish 
Academic 

With  Records  {ML-38x) 

This  course  is  for  the  student  who  desires  a 
complete  knowledge  of  Castilian  Spanish.  With 
the  phonograph  records  as  his  instructor,  the 
student  can  in  a short  time  talk  Spanish  with 
a native  accent.  The  content  of  this  course 
is  equivalent  to  three  years  of  high  school 
wotk  in  Spanish. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  SPANISH,  with  Records  (ML- 
31)  — Grammar.  Translation  exercises. 
Conversational  lessons.  Reading  lessons — 
“Amalia,”  “Amparo.” 

ADVANCED  SPANISH,  ACADEMIC,  no  Rec- 
ords, {ML-35) — Spanish  prose  composition. 
Drill  in  Spanish  idioms.  Study  of  the  prin- 
cipal Spanish  authors.  Translation  of  Eng- 
lish into  Spanish.  Reading  lessons.  Six 
hundred  pages  of  Spanish  literature  is  the 
minimum  required  amount  of  reading:  “La 
Navidad  en  las  Montanas.”  “Don  Quijote,” 
Cervantes. 

Complete  Spanish 
Commercial 

With  Records  (ML-54x) 

The  man  who  desires  to  make  foreign  trade 
his  life’s  work  should  study  this  course.  Thor- 
ough instruction,  combined  with  the  use  of 
phonograph  records,  insures  to  the  student  the 
intelligent  understanding  and  fluent  use  of 
Spanish  that  will  help  him  up  the  road  to 
quick  advancement. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  SPANISH,  with  Records, 
(ML-31) — Grammar.  Translation  exercises. 
Conversational  lessons.  Reading  lessons — 
“Amalia,”  “Amparo.” 

ADVANCED  SPANISH.  COMMERCIAL,  with 
Records,  (ML-36) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Commer- 
cial correspondence.  Recognized  commercial 
modes  of  expression.  Banking  operations. 
Making  out  of  shipping  documents  and  in- 
voices. Commission  business.  Transportation. 


Let  Your  Home  Be  Your  College 


178 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


German 

The  analytical  brain  of  the  Teuton  is  reflected  clearly  in  the  German 
language.  To  students  of  the  many  sciences,  as  surgery,  chemistry,  and  other 
allied  professions,  a knowledge  of  German  is  essential.  They  should  be  able 
to  read  in  the  original  the  many  important  works  on  science  that  have  come 
from  the  pens  of  the  great  German  scholars  and  scientists. 


Elementary  German 

With  Records  (ML-39x) 

With  the  helpful  aid  of  phonograph  rec- 
ords, each  an  exact  reproduction  of  the  voice 
of  a native  professor,  the  student  on  com- 
pleting this  course  is  familiar  with  the  gram- 
mar. composition,  and  correct  pronunciation  of 
German.  This  course,  which  is  equivalent  to 
two  years’  study  in  high  school,  is  for  those 
who  desire  only  a working  knowledge  of  the 
language. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  GERMAN,  with  Records. 
(ML-37) — Grammar.  General  rules  for  con- 
struction of  German  sentences.  Conversa- 
tional lessons.  Reading  lessons — Bernhardt’s 
“Kleine  Geschichten.”  Storm’s  “Immensee.” 


Elementary  German 

No  Records  (ML-29x) 

Men  and  women  desirous  of  the  knowledge 
of  German  that  will  enable  them  to  read  scien- 
tific and  other  German  works  in  their  original 
should  study  this  course.  Students  who  desire 
training  in  German  grammar,  composition,  and 
reading  that  will  help  them  to  further  their 
academic  education  will  receive  valuable  as- 
sistance from  the  study  of  this  course.  It  is 
equivalent  to  two  years’  study  in  high  school. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  GERMAN,  no  Records. 
lML-25) — Grammar.  General  rules  for  con- 
struction of  German  sentences.  Conversa- 
tional lessons.  Reading  lessons — Bernhardt’s 
“Kleine  Geschichten.’’  Storm’s  “Immensee.” 

Advanced  German 
Academic 

With  Records  (ML-40x) 

Academic  students  who  possess  a slight 
knowledge  of  German  and  desire  to  further 
their  education  will  find  a study  of  this  course 
of  distinct  value.  A knowledge  of  Elementary 
German  is  a prerequisite  to  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  GERMAN,  ACADEMIC,  with 
Records,  (ML-38) — German  prose  composi- 
tion. Drill  of  German  idioms.  Study  of  the 
principal  German  authors.  Translation  into 
German.  Phonograph  Records.  Stories  in 
German  by  Goethe,  Heine,  Schiller,  N.  Lenau, 
F.  Luckert,  Uhland.  Reading  lessons — 
Goethe,  “Das  Marchen.”  Schiller,  “Der 
Geisterscher.” 

Advanced  German 
Commercial 

No  Records  (ML-41x) 

In  this  course  the  student  is  trained  in 
modern  business  methods  connected  with  Ger- 


man trade.  He  is  taught  to  think  and  to  write 
in  German  business  terms  until  he  becomes 
proficient  in  their  use. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  GERMAN,  COMMERCIAL,  no 
Records,  (ML-39) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Commer- 
cial correspondence.  Recognized  commercial 
modes  of  expression.  Banking  operations. 
Making  out  of  shipping  documents  and  in- 
voices. Commission  business.  Transportation. 

Complete  German 
Academic 

With  Records  (ML-42x) 

Students  of  the  sciences  and  scholars  will 
find  a valuable  aid  to  the  furtherance  of  their 
education  in  the  study  of  this  course.  It  is 
equivalent  in  content  to  three  years’  study  in 
high  school.  Upon  completion  of  the  course 
the  student  should  be  able  to  read,  write  and 
speak  German  correctly. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  GERMAN,  with  Records, 
(ML-37) — Grammar.  Translation  exercises. 
Conversational  lessons.  Reading  lessons — 
"Kleine  Geschichten,”  Storm’s  “Immensee.” 
ADVANCED  GERMAN,  ACADEMIC,  with 
Records,  (ML-38) — German  prose  composi- 
tion. Drill  of  German  idioms.  Study  of  the 
principal  German  authors.  Translation  into 
German.  Phonograph  Records.  Stories  in 
German  by  Goethe,  Heine.  Schiller,  N.  Lenau, 
F.  Luckert,  Uhland.  Reading  lessons — Six 
hundred  pages  of  German  literature  is  the 
minimum  amount  of  reading  required  : Goethe. 
"Das  Marchen.”  Schiller,  "Der  Geisterscher.” 

Complete  German 
Commercial 

With  Records  (ML-55x) 

This  course  is  especially  for  the  business 
man  or  woman  who  is  doing  business  with 
German  concerns,  and  those  who  at  some  fu- 
ture time  intend  to  trade  with  the  Teutons. 
Every  phase  of  commerce  is  covered  in  detail. 
The  student  is  trained  to  correspond  in  Ger- 
man, also  to  conduct  commercial  negotiations 
with  German  concerns. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  GERMAN,  with  Records, 
(ML-37) — Grammar.  Translation  exercises. 
Conversational  lessons.  Reading  lessons — 
“Kleine  Geschichten,”  Storm’s  “immensee.” 
ADVANCED  GERMAN.  COMMERCIAL,  no 
Records,  (ML-39) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Commer- 
cial correspondence.  Recognized  commercial 
modes  of  expression.  Banking  operations. 
Making  out  of  shipping  documents  and  in- 
voices. Commission  business.  Transportation. 


Leant  More  Today  and  You’ll  Earn  More  Tomorrozo 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


179 


Italian 

Italy  is  the  home  of  art.  From  its  bosom  was  reared  a galaxy  of  painters 
that  today  rank  as  the  greatest.  Also  from  its  shores  have  come  many  of  the 
greatest  operatic  stars,  who  have  charmed  the  world  with  their  golden  voices. 
More  than  two  thousand  Americans  are  studying  art  and  voice  in  Rome. 
This  huge  number  of  students  is  sufficient  proof  of  the  value  of  a knowledge 
of  Italian  in  the  realms  of  culture.  Also  as  a help  in  business,  Italian  is  of 
distinct  value. 


Elementary  Italian 

With  Records  (ML-43x) 

In  this  course,  which  is  equivalent  to  two 
years’  work  in  high  school,  the  student  is  given 
valuable  instruction  in  Italian.  Phonograph 
records  that  are  exact  reproductions  of  a native 
professor’s  voice  assist  the  student  in  acquir- 
ing a perfect  accent. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ITALIAN,  with  Records, 
(ML-40) — Italian  Grammar.  General  rules 
for  construction  of  sentences.  Conversational 
lessons.  Reading  lessons — “Due  Commedie 
Moderne.”  Goldoni’s  “II  Vero  Amico.’’ 


Elementary  Italian 

No  Records  (ML-30x) 

Students  who  desire  to  make  up  lost  ground 
in  their  language  studies,  or  to  further  their 
academic  education,  should  study  this  course, 
which  is  equivalent  to  two  years’  high  school 
work  in  Italian. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ITALIAN,  no  Records, 
(ML-26) — Italian  Grammar.  General  rules 
for  construction  of  sentences.  Conversa- 
tional lessons.  Reading  lessons— “Due  Com- 
medie Moderne.”  Goldoni’s  "11  Vero  Amico.” 

Advanced  Italian 
Academic 

With  Records  (ML-44x) 

Men  and  women  who  have  an  elementary 
knowledge  of  Italian  should  take  up  the  study 
of  Advanced  Italian.  This  course  covers  all  the 
grammar,  reading,  and  composition  required  in 
the  third  year  of  high  school.  Phonograph  rec- 
ords assist  the  student  in  making  him  perfect 
in  his  pronunciation.  A knowledge  of  Ele- 
mentary Italian  is  a prerequisite  to  this  course. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  ITALIAN,  ACADEMIC,  with 
Records,  (ML-41) — Italian  prose  composition. 
Drill  of  Italian  idioms.  Study  of  the  prin- 
cipal Italian  authors.  Translation  of  English 
into  Italian.  Phonograph  Records.  Stories 
in  Italian  by  Dante,  Petrarca,  Alfieri,  Leo- 
pardi, Manzoni,  De  Amicis.  Reading  lessons 
— Dante’s  “Divina  Commedia,  Inferno”  and 
“Divina  Commedia,  Paradiso.” 

Advanced  Italian 
Commercial 

No  Records  (ML-45x) 

This  course  goes  into  every  detail  of  gram- 
mar, composition,  and  reading,  giving  the 
student  a thorough  working  knowledge  of  the 


subject.  He  is  taught  to  think  and  to  write 
in  Italian  business  terms  until  he  becomes  pro- 
ficient in  their  use. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ADVANCED  ITALIAN,  COMMERCIAL,  no 
Records,  (ML-42) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Commer- 
cial correspondence.  Recognized  commercial 
modes  of  expression.  Banking  operations. 
Making  out  of  shipping  docurrients  and  in- 
voices. Commission  business.  Transporta- 
tion. 

Complete  Italian 
Academic 

With  Records  (ML-46x) 

This  course  is  equivalent  in  content  to  three 
years’  study  in  high  school.  The  manner  of 
teaching  grammar,  conversation,  and  reading, 
combined  with  the  use  of  phonograph  records 
in  conversational  work,  makes  the  course  of 
value  to  the  student  anxious  to  further  his 
academic  education  by  a study  of  Italian. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ITALIAN,  with  Records. 
(ML-40) — Grammar.  Translation  exercises. 
Conversational  lessons.  Reading  lessons — 
“Due  Commedie  Moderne.”  Goldoni’s  “I! 
Vero  Amico.” 

ADVANCED  ITALIAN.  ACADEMIC,  with 
Records,  (ML-41) — Italian  prose  composition. 
Drill  of  Italian  idioms.  Study  of  the  prin- 
cipal Italian  authors.  Translation  of  Eng- 
lish into  Italian.  Phonograph  Records. 
Stories  in  Italian  by  Dante,  Petrarca,  Al- 
fieri, Leopardi,  Manzoni,  De  Amicis.  Reading 
lessons.  Six  hundred  pages  of  Italian  litera- 
ture is  the  minimum  amount  of  reading  re- 
quired ; Dante’s  “Divina  Commedia,  Infer- 
no” and  “Divina  Commedia,  Paradiso.” 

Complete  Italian 
Commercial 

With  Records  (ML-56x) 

This  course  goes  thoroughly  into  every  phase 
of  the  subject,  giving  the  student  a well 
rounded  working  knowledge  of  the  language. 

. Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ITALIAN,  with  Records, 
(ML-40) — Grammar.  Translation  exercises. 
Conversational  lessons.  Reading  lessons — 
“Due  Commedie  Moderne.”  Goldoni’s  “II 
Vero  Amico.” 

ADVANCED  ITALIAN.  COMMERCIAL,  no 
Records,  (ML-42) — Business  essentials  which 
serve  as  the  groundwork  of  trade.  Commer- 
cial correspondence.  Recognized  commercial 
modes  of  expression.  Banking  operations. 
Making  out  of  shipping  documents  and  in- 
voices. Commission  business.  Transporta- 
tion. 


Knowledge  Pays  Big  Dhndcnds 


180 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


English  for  Foreign  Speaking  People 

The  foreigner  in  America  cannot  get  along  well  until  he  learns  English. 
He  must  know  what  Americans  mean  when  they  speak  to  him.  He  must  speak 
English  so  he  can  express  well  what  he  thinks.  He  must  read  and  write 
English  so  he  can  understand  contracts  and  other  legal  papers,  and  learn 
about  laws  and  taxes.  If  he  knows  English  he  advances  faster  as  a workman, 
or  can  get  into  business  sooner.  If  he  tries  to  know  English  by  the  slow 
method  of  learning  from  people  he  meets,  he  learns  faulty  speech. 

These  “Y”  courses  offer  the  simple  instruction  he  needs.  By  listening  to 
phonograph  records  he  learns  to  speak  correctly  and  use  words  accurately.  Be- 
sides this  drill  in  correct  speech,  he  is  taught  to  read  readily  and  write  clearly. 
The  lessons  he  writes  are  interesting — they  deal  with  every-day  affairs  and 
with  conversation  as  commonly  used  in  daily  life.  He  learns  rapidly. 


English — French 

With  Records  (ML-47x) 

Those  who  speak  French  should  study  the 
English  course  (ML-47x)  for  French-speaking 
people. 

Ceux  qui  parlent  le  franpais  devraient  suivre 
le  cours  d’anglais  (ML-47x)  pour  les  gens  de 
langue  francaise. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ENGLISH— FRENCH,  with 
Records  (ML-431 — Regular  and  irregular 
verbs.  Gender.  Case.  General  rules  for 
the  construction  of  English  sentences.  Home. 
School.  Church.  Shop.  Office.  Store. 
Restaurant.  Theatre.  Hotel. 

ADVANCED  ENGLISH  FOR  NEW  AMERI- 
CANS, no  Records  (ML-54) — Letter  writing. 
American  customs.  Geography.  American 
History.  Citizenship. 

English — Spanish 

With  Records  (ML-48x) 

Those  who  speak  Spanish  should  study  the 
English  course  (ML-48x)  for  Spanish-speaking 
people. 

Los  que  hablan  espanol  deben  estudiar  el 
curso  de  ingles  (ML-48x)  para  espanoles. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ENGLISH— SPANISH,  with 
Records  (ML-45) — Regular  and  irregular 
verbs.  Gender.  Case.  Differences  in  the 
construction  of  English  and  Spanish  sen- 
tences. Home.  School.  Church.  Shop. 
Office.  Store.  Restaurant.  Theatre.  Hotel. 
ADVANCED  ENGLISH  FOR  NEW  AMERI- 
CANS, no  Records  (ML-54) — Letter  writing. 
American  customs.  Geography.  American 
History.  Citizenship. 

English — Italian 

With  Records  (ML-50x) 

Those  who  speak  Italian  should  study  the 
English  course  (ML-50x)  for  Italian-speaking 
people. 

Coloro  che  parlano  Italiano  dovrebbero 
iscriversi  al  corso  d'Inglese  (ML-50x)  posita- 
mente  per  i soli  Italiani. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ENGLISH— ITALIAN,  with 
Records  (ML-52) — Parts  of  speech.  Gram- 
mar. General  rules  for  the  construction  of 
English  sentences.  Home.  School.  Church. 
Office.  Shop.  Store.  Restaurant.  Theatre. 
Hotel. 

ADVANCED  ENGLISH  FOR  NEW  AMERI- 
CANS, no  Records  (ML-54) — Letter  writing. 
American  customs.  Geography.  American 
History.  Citizenship. 


English — German 

With  Records  (ML-49x) 

Those  who  speak  German  should  study  the 
English  course  (ML‘49x)  for  German-speaking 
people. 

Diejenigen,  welche  Deutsch  sprechen,  sollten 
den  englischen  Kursus  (ML-49x)  fiir  Deutsch- 
sprechende  Leute  studieren. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ENGLISH— GERMAN,  with 
Records  (ML-47) — Parts  of  speech.  Gram- 
mar. General  rules  for  the  construction  of 
English  sentences.  Home.  School.  Church. 
Shop.  Office.  Store.  Restaurant.  Theatre. 
Hotel. 

ADVANCED  ENGLISH  FOR  NEW  AMERI- 
CANS, no  Records  (ML-54) — Letter  writing. 
American  customs.  Geography.  American 
History.  Citizenship. 

English — Portuguese 

With  Records  (ML-51x) 

Those  who  speak  Portuguese  should  study 
the  English  course  (ML-51x)  for  Portuguese- 
speaking people. 

Aquelles  que  fallam  Portuguez  devem  estu- 
dar  o curso  Inglez  (ML-51x)  para  pessoas  de 
lingua  Portugueza. 

Subjects  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ENGLISH— PORTUGUESE, 
with  Records  (ML-55) — Regular  and  irregu- 
lar verbs.  Gender.  Case.  General  rules  for 
the  construction  of  English  sentences.  Home. 
School.  Church.  Shop.  Office.  Store.  Res- 
taurant. Theatre.  Hotel. 

ADVANCED  ENGLISH  FOR  NEW  AMERI- 
CANS, no  Records  (ML-54) — Letter  writing. 
American  customs.  Geography.  American 
History.  Citizenship. 

English  for  New  Americans 

With  Records  (ML-52x) 

This  course  is  especially  adapted  to  the  needs 
of  foreign-speaking  people  who  have  a slight 
knowledge  of  the  English  language.  The  stu- 
dent is  thoroughly  trained  in  how  to  read, 
write,  and  speak  English  correctly. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 
ELEMENTARY  ENGLISH  FOR  NEW  AMER- 
ICANS, with  Records  (ML-53) — Parts  of 
speech.  Grammar.  General  rules  for  the 
construction  of  English  sentences.  Home. 
School.  Church.  Shop.  Office.  Store.  Res- 
taurant. Theatre.  Hotel.  Trading. 
ADVANCED  ENGLISH  FOR  NEW  AMERI- 
CANS. no  Records  (ML-54) — Letter  writing. 
American  customs.  Geography.  American 
History.  Citizenship. 


Knoivlcdge  Pays  Big  Dividends 


Public  Speaking 

(LT-2x) 

Are  you  one  of  the  thousands  of  young  men  who  are  seeking  a way  to 
overcome  fear  and  timidity  before  an  audience  and  to  acquire  public 
L.  speaking  ability?  Fear  of  an  audience  can  be  easily  overcome  and  once 
conquered  is  destroyed  forever.  Self-confidence  is  POWER.  The  ability  to  stand 
before  an  audience,  large  or  small,  and  express  your  thoughts  in  a positive, 
forceful,  convincing  manner,  is  one  of  the  most  important  factors  in  achieving 
success  in  your  life’s  work.  Self-confidence,  knowledge  of  your  subject,  and 
power  of  expression  make  progress  in  modern  business  more  rapid.  The  man 
who  possesses  and  uses  them  has  a great  advantage  over  the  one  who  cannot 
speak  to  groups  of  people  readily  and  well. 


Every  One  Needs  This  Ability 

One  may  be  called  on  at  church,  lodge,  or  club  meetings  to  take  part  in  dis- 
cussions, or  to  entertain  friends  with  stories  or  an  account  of  a trip.  He  may  be 
asked  to  present  a report  of  an  investigation  to  a committee,  or  to  speak  or  pre- 
side at  a dinner.  The  speaker  who  finds  the  largest  use  for  this  art  is  the 
one  who  can  clearly,  earnestly,  and  convincingly  advance  some  cause,  or  talk 
well  at  business  meetings.  This  is  a very  practical  course;  one  that  has  been 
thoroughly  tried  out.  It  shows  the  student  how  to  build  up  all  the  qualities 
required  in  public  speaking;  how  to  arrange  thoughts  logically;  and  how  to 
present  them  effectively. 

Topics  Covered  in  This  Course: 


PUBLIC  SPEAKING  (LT-5)— Value  of  ability 
to  speak  in  public.  The  path  to  power.  Pub- 
lic speaking  in  business  an  aid  to  success. 
Speaking  in  the  professions.  Speaking  in 
social  life.  Acquiring  self-confidence.  Ways 
to  develop  will  and  conquer  fear  of  appear- 
ing in  public.  Building  personality. 

Vital  Speech — Value  of  positive  language. 
Choosing  live  topics.  Ways  that  convince. 
Acquiring  earnestness.  Building  voice  power. 
Developing  enthusiasm.  Secret  of  power. 

Memorizing — Memorizing  by  associating  ideas. 
Illustration  as  aids  to  memory.  Methods  of 
memorizing  speeches.  Memorizing  by  use  of 
pictures.  Simple  laws — association,  repeti- 
tion, impression.  Developing  memory  by 
will  power  and  through  the  senses. 

Opening  and  Closing  the  Address — Getting  fa- 
vorable attention.  How  to  begin  a speech. 
Exercising  self-control.  Establishing  agree- 
able contact  with  audience.  Positive  opening 
appeal.  Use  and  misuse  of  emphasis.  Meth- 
ods of  closing  a speech.  The  climax. 

Preparation  for  the  Speech — Necessity  for  prep- 
aration. Analyzing  the  speech.  Example  of 
speech  and  analysis.  Methods  of  well-known 
speakers.  Knowing  your  subject.  Filing  in- 
formation and  ideas.  Developing  power  of 
analysis.  Charting  talk.  Speaking  practice. 
Developing  voice. 

Arranging  the  Speech — Four  purposes  of  an 
address.  Making  it  clear,  convincing  and  in- 
fluencing. Grouping  ideas  effectively.  Logical 
arrangement  of  facts  according  to  listener’s 
point  of  view.  Presenting  ideas  according  to 
time,  place,  or  cause.  Developing  clearness. 

The  Convincing  Speech — Human  interest  ap- 
peal. Use  of  concrete  illustrations.  Word 
pictures.  Arguing  from  analogy.  Graphic 
argument  with  figures  and  numbers.  How 
to  appeal  to  reason,  to  feelings,  to  senses. 
How  to  quote  authorities. 


The  Well  Delivered  Speech — “It’s  not  so  much 
what  you  say  as  how  you  say  it.”  Essentials 
of  good  delivery.  Accenting  right  words  to 
gain  force.  Practical  drills.  Ways  to  de- 
velop expression.  Tone  color  in  the  voice 
and  how  to  improve  it.  How  to  speak  with 
earnestness,  freedom  and  feeling. 

The  Attractive  Speech — How  to  gain  and  hold 
interest.  Setting  the  stage.  Gestures — when 
and  how  to  make  them.  Certain  gestures  and 
their  meaning.  Creating  a good  impression 
through  attractive  appearance  and  self-con- 
trol. Avoiding  distracting  movements.  Stand- 
ing and  walking  correctly.  How  to  develop 
facial  expressions. 

The  Distinctive  Speech — Choosing  right  words 
and  using  them  effectively.  How  Woodrow 
Wilson  learned  to  marshal  words.  Building 
your  vocabulary.  Phrases  to  avoid.  Force 
in  proper  synonyms.  Examples  of  right  and 
wrong  uses  of  words.  How  to  study  words. 
Value  of  figurative  language.  How  to  use 
similes. 

The  Decisive  Speech — Salesmanship  in  public 
speaking.  Influencing  others  to  act.  Get- 
ting attention.  Securing  confidence  of  hear- 
ers. Educating  them  about  the  merits  of 
your  proposal.  Motives  that  influence  action. 
How  to  answer  objections. 

The  Audience — Arrangement  of  audience.  Hints 
on  crowd  psychology.  The  value  of  music  in 
a public  meeting.  Importance  to  the  speak- 
er of  proper  lighting  and  ventilation. 

Acquiring  Leadership — Audience  influenced  by 
confident  manner  and  tone.  Win  prestige  to 
impress  hearers.  Value  of  being  well  intro- 
duced. Art  of  leadership. 

Speech  Building — Drills  in  enunciation.  Ex- 
ercises in  pronunciation.  Errors  to  avoid  in 
speaking.  Overcoming  errors  in  English. 
Breathing  correctly.  Vocal  exercises.  Voice 
training.  Tongue  exercises. 


Vour  Ship  May  N^ot  Come  in  Unless  You  Have  Sent  One  Out 


182 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Leadership  Training 

The  demand  for  technically  trained  leaders  for  organizations,  institutions 
and  communities  is  rapidly 'increasing,  and  as  the  spirit  of  democracy  grows, 
opportunities  for  attaining  positions  of  leadership  will  multiply.  The  responsi- 
bility for  leadership  ultin^tely  falls  upon  the  shoulders  of  the  trained  man. 
The  unskilled,  the  uninformed,  will  give  place  to  those  who  know. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  this  department  to  serve  those  now  in  positions  of  lead- 
ership by  making  available  to  them  directed  studies  creative  of  leadership  pre- 
pared by  eminent  specialists,  and  to  prepare  a curricula  of  studies  for  those  de- 
siring to  train  for  particular  fields  of  service. 

Community  Organization  and 
Leadership 

(LT-9x) 

This  is  a one-subject  course  to  aid  those  interested  in  community  service 
and  other  similar  activities.  It  is  of  especial  value  to  Y.M.C.A.  secretaries,  min- 
isters, school  teachers,  social  workers  and  club  leaders.  The  fundamental  prin- 
ciples and  conditions  of  community  life  are  dealt  with  in  a thorough,  compre- 
hensive manner. 


Topics  Covered 

COMMUNITY  ORGANIZATION  AND  LEAD- 
ERSHIP (LT-I) — Social  nature  of  man. 
Neighborhood.  The  community.  Communi- 
ty institutions  and  their  functions.  Vital 
interest  groups.  Types  of  communities.  Com- 


in  This  Course: 

munity  movement  and  democracy.  Commu- 
nity needs  and  agencies.  Institutionalism 
and  the  division  of  labor.  Process  of  com- 
munity action.  Community  organization. 
Christianity  and  community  leadership. 


Leadership  Training  in  the  Christian 
Citizenship  Training  Program 

PIONEERS,  Boys  12-14  years  (LT-8x)  COMRADES,  Boys  15-17  years  (LT-7x) 


Leaders  of  groups  of  boys  will  find  these  courses  of  much  value. 

The  best  experience  of  the  Y.M.C.A.  in  character-building  activities  among 
boys  is  made  available.  Two  reference  books  are  provided,  each  containing  a 
scientifically  prepared  program  arranged  according  to  the  age  interests  of  boys, 
and  covering  their  mental,  social,  physical  and  religious  activities. 


Topics  Covered 

PIONEERS  (LT-3)—  COMRADES  tLT-2)— 
A study  of  the  development  of  the  program, 
its  methods  and  purpose.  Interviewing  and 
charting  a boy.  Intellectual,  physical,  devo- 
tional, and  service  training.  Charting  a 


in  These  Courses: 

group.  Arts,  crafts  and  hobbies.  Woodcraft 
and  nature  study.  Athletics  and  aquatics. 
The  find  yourself  idea.  Self-analysis  blank. 
Use  of  insignia.  Ideals  for  a leader,  all 
heading  up  in  Christian  citizenship. 


Bible  Teacher  Training 

(LT-6x) 

The  teacher  desiring  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  biblical  instruction  will 
find  this  course  valuable.  It  is  not  a Bible  study  course,  but  is  designed  to  show 
how  to  teach  the  scriptures  most  effectively,  and  through  this  means  build 
Christian  character. 


Topics  Covered 

BIBLE  TEACHER  TRAINING  (LT-4)— Quali- 
fication and  preparation.  Connection  of 
body,  mind  and  spirit.  Adaptation  and  meth- 
od. Perception  and  apperception.  Attention 


in  This  Course: 

and  interest.  Memory  and  imagination.  Feel- 
ings and  habit.  Art  of  questioning  and 
illustrating.  Teacher’s  mistakes.  Spiritual 
nature.  Jesus  the  ideal  teacher. 


The  Most  Service  for  the  Least  Money 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


183 


Advantages  of  Home  Study 

No  long  arguments  are  needed  here  to  establish  the  merits  of  corre- 
spondence instruction  for  those  men  and  women  who  are  so  situated 
that  they  wish  to  use  spare  hours  for  study,  but  cannot  attend  a local 
class  giving  the  instruction  they  need.  Many  thousands  of  successful  home- 
study  students  afford  ample  and  eloquent  proof  of  the  practical  results  of  the 
method.  Some  of  these  men  advanced  to  better  positions  in  the  same  work; 
others  changed  to  a more  profitable  or  to  a more  congenial  field. 

The  home-study  student  is  the  entire  class — studies  all  the  text  himself 
and  does  all  the  reciting.  His  Instructor  reviews  all  his  work  thoroughly 
and  directs  all  criticism  and  extra  instruction  to  him. 

Capitalize  Your  Spare  Hours 

Spare  hours  can  be  used  whenever  they  come.  The  school  comes  to  the 
student.  The  mails  reach  him  wherever  he  may  be,  with  little  expense  for 
postage.  He  does  not  miss  any  sessions  of  his  class.  He  can  proceed  as 
rapidly  as  he  pleases  or  as  slowly  as  he  must. 

The  home-study  student  has  unlimited  time  in  which  to  finish  his  course. 
If  interruptions  come,  he  can  take  up  his  woi'k  where  he  was  obliged  to  drop  it. 

The  writing  out  of  problems  cultivates  exactness  and  impresses  principles 
on  the  memory.  The  writing  of  letters  also  affords  the  student  valuable 
training  in  expressing  himself  clearly  and  concisely. 

Methods  of  Instruction 

The  instruction  methods  used  in  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  are  designed 
to  furnish  the  largest  possible  amount  of  personal  assistance  to  the  student. 

The  textbooks  studied  in  these  courses  are  the  best  available.  They  have 
been  adopted  only  after  careful  consideration  of  the  newest  and  most  authori- 
tative publications  of  standard  publishing  houses. 

Good  as  these  textbooks  are,  however,  they  are  only  a part  of  the  instruc- 
tion material,  serving  the  same  purpose  they  would  in  a resident  school. 

Lessons  dealing  with  every  phase  of  his  course  serve  to  give  the  student 
a broad  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of  the  subject.  The  vital  portions  of 
the  lessons  are  developed  in  a thorough,  practical  manner.  To  make  these 
courses  the  most  complete  on  the  subjects,  problems  dealing  with  actual  de- 
tails, as  encountered  in  practice,  must  be  solved  by  the  student  and  returned 
for  correction.  Errors  are  pointed  out,  and  explanations  of  difficult  points 
are  given. 

The  student  is  not  obliged  to  conform  to  our  convenience.  We  furnish 
instruction  to  suit  his  needs  and  progress,  and  supply  him  with  all  necessary 
information. 

Our  one  object  is  to  give  the  student  a thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject 
that  will  help  him  to  accomplish  whatever  he  has  set  out  to  do. 

As  soon  as  a student  is  enrolled  for  his  course,  he  is  supplied  with  several 
lessons,  as  well  as  the  other  materials  necessary  in  order  to  proceed  with 
his  studies. 

After  his  written  examinations  or  drawing  plates  are  received  by  us 
they  are  carefully  corrected  and  returned  to  him,  together  with  one  or  more 
new  lessons.  In  this  way  he  wastes  no  time,  for  he  is  always  supplied 
with  work. 

Equipment  Furnished 

The  low  cost  to  the  student  of  the  “Y”  correspondence  courses  is  a well 
known  fact,  but  it  is  not  generally  known  that,  regardless  of  the  low  cost,  the 
student  after  he  has  enrolled  for  his  course  is  supplied  also  with  the  best  of 
working  materials  to  assist  him  in  getting  all  the  practical  benefit  possible 
from  his  studies. 


By  Comparison  “Y”  Instruction  is  Best 


184 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Not  only  do  his  modern  and  complete  textbooks  and  lessons,  that  cover 
every  phase  of  the  subject  studied,  bring  the  student  into  close  contact  with 
the  best  minds  in  his  chosen  profession;  but  the  theory  gained  from  this  study 
must  be  put  into  practice.  So  without  additional  expense  he  is  furnished  with 
a full  set  of  supplies  which  may  be  called  his  working  tools.  This  is  a distinc- 
tive “Y”  service  that  means  a great  saving  to  every  student. 


Equipment 

Without  Additional  E.xpense. 

Drawing  Instruments  and  Supplies  that  accompany  each  of  the 
Courses  in  which  Drawing  Instruments  are  required. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


185 


How  to  Enroll 

Enrolling  for  a home-study  course  with  the  Extension  Division  of  the 
United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools  is  a simple  matter.  Just  select  your  course 
carefully,  after  reviewing  all  of  the  information  concerning  the  question, 
and  fill  out  and  mail  an  application,  using  either  the  form  furnished  by  the 
Extension  Division  or  writing  a letter  of  your  own.  Enclose  the  payment  in 
full,  or  in  case  you  adopt  the  installment  plan,  the  first  payment. 

Remittances  should  be  made  by  bank  draft,  check,  postal  or  express 
money  order,  or  registered  letter.  Make  checks  and  orders  payable  to  Exten- 
sion Division,  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools,  375  Lexington  Avenue,  New  York, 
N.Y.  We  cannot  accept  responsibility  for  money  sent  in  any  other  way,  as 
it  may  become  lost  in  the  mails. 

How  to  Begin  Your  Studies 

Several  lessons  will  be  sent  to  you  as  soon  as  you  are  enrolled.  Accom- 
panying them  will  be  standard  or  specially  prepared  texts  and  certain  supplies, 
together  with  detailed  instructions  for  your  procedure,  how  to  begin  and  how 
to  continue  your  work.  As  you  complete  each  lesson  you  forward  it  by  mail 
to  the  Extension  Division  of  the  United  Y.M.C.A.  Schools.  The  lesson  then 
will  be  carefully  reviewed  by  your  Instructor,  who  will  grade  it  and  write  you 
about  any  points  on  which  you  seem  to  require  special  instruction. 


That  Job  Ahead — Can  You  Fill  Itf 


186 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


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Diploma 

When  the  student  has  finished  his  study  of  each  subject  in  a course,  he  is 
given  a Subject  Certificate.  Upon  satisfactory  completion  of  the  entire  course, 
he  is  awarded  a handsome  engraved  Diploma  or  Certificate  bearing  the  official 
gold-  seal  of  the  International  Committee  of  the  Y.M.C.A.,  and  the  Y.M.C.A. 
emblem  in  colors. 

In  the  business  and  social  worlds  a Diploma  or  Certificate  from  the  United 
Y.M.C.A.  Schools  is  an  excellent  recommendation.  It  is  not  only  evidence  of 
what  the  student  knows,  but  it  is  clear  proof  that  he  is  a man  of  ambition  and 
persistence,  thinking  of  the  future  and  that  coveted  goal — Success. 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


1 


Index 


Page 

GENERAL  INFORMATION 

Introduction — “Your  Bigger  Self"  ....  3 

Board  of  Governors 4 

United  Y.M.C.A.  Schoois .5 

Executive  Staff  of  Extension  Di\ision . 8 

Extension  Division.  United  Y.M.C  .\ 

Schools 9 

Scope  of  the  Courses 11 

Advantages  of  Correspondence  Instruc- 
tion  10-183 

Methods  of  Instruction 11-183 

Equipment  Furnished 183 

How  to  Enroll 18.5 

Diplomas 168-186 

COMMERCE 

Accountancy 16 

Auditing 18 

Banking 24 

Better  Letters 37 

Bookkeeping 20 

Bookkeeping  and  Business 19 

Business  Arithmetic ' 20 

Business  English  and  Correspondence . 22 

Business  English  and  Correspondence, 

Advanced 23 

Business  Law 20 

Commercial,  Complete 18 

Cost  Accounting 17 

Credits  and  Collections 24 

Income  Tax  Procedure 17 

Letter  Writing,  Complete 36 

Penmanship 23 

Secretarial 21 

Shorthand,  Isaac  Pitman 22 

Shorthand,  Graham 22 

Shorthand , Gregg 22 

Typewriting 22 

Insurance 24 

Insurance,  Life 25 

Insurance,  Property 25 

Civil  Service  Courses 25 

ADMINISTRATION 

Business  Administration 27 

Business  Economics 28 

Business  Finance 28 

Business  Organization 29 

Office  Management 29 

Psychology,  Applied 30 

BUSINESS  BUILDING 

Advertising 33 

Better  Letters 37 

Business  English  and  Correspondence. 

Advanced 23 

Complete  Letter  Writing 36 

Psychology,  Applied 30 

Public  Speaking 181 

Salesmanship 35 

Salesmanship  and  Business 35 

Show  Card  Writing 38 

Show  Card  Writing  and  Store  Display  38 

LAW 

Business  Law 39 

Elementary  Law 40 

Complete  Law 40 

TRAFFIC  MANAGEMENT 

Claims  and  Transportation  Law 43 

Complete  Traffic  Management 44 

Domestic  Traffic  Management 44 


Page 


Ocean  Transportation 43 

Tariffs  and  Rates 43 

Transportation 43 

COMMERCIAL  ART 

Commercial  Illustrating 49 

DRAWING 

Architectural  Design 53 

Architectural  Drawing 51 

Architectural  Drawing,  Elementary.  . . 51 

Architectural  Rendering 54 

Civil  Engineering  Drawing > 65 

Drawing  and  Shop  Mathematics  for 

Mechanics 62 

Electrical  Drawing 67 

Farm  Drafting 142 

Freehand  Drawing 55 

Freehand  Drawing,  Brief 61 

Highway  Drafting 66 

Lettering  and  Sign  Painting 69 

Machine  Drawing  and  Machine  Design  61 
Machine  Sketching  and  Drawing  for 

Mechanics 62 

Mechanical  Drawing  59 

Mechanical  Drawing,  Brief 57 

Mechanical  Drawing  with  Mathe- 
matics, Brief 59 

Mechanical  Drawing  for  Plumbers.  ...  68 

Pen  Drawing 55 

Plan  Reading 57 

Plan  Reading  with  Mathematics 57 

Punch  and  Die  Drafting  and  Design . . 63 

Reading  of  Civil  Engineering  Drawings 

and  Blueprints 66 

Reading  of  Civil  Engineering  Drawings 
and  Blueprints  with  Mathematics. . . 65 

Reading  of  Electrical  Drawings  and 

Blueprints 68 

Reading  of  Electrical  Drawings  and 

Blueprints  with  Mathematics 67 

Reading  of  Heating  and  Plumbing  Plans  69 
Reading  of  Heating  and  Plumbing 

Plans  with  Mathematics 68 

Reading  of  Heating.  Plumbing  and 

Architectural  Plans 58 

Reading  of  Heating.  Plumbing  and 

Arcliitectural  Plans  with  Mathe- 
matics  58 

Reading  of  Machine  Drawings  and 

Blueprints 64 

Reading  of  Machine  Drawings  and 

Blueprints  with  Mathematics 64 

Sheet  Metal  Design 56 

Show  Card  Writing 38 

Structural  Drafting 54 

Tool  Drafting  and  Design 63 

Water  Color  Rendering 56 

ARCHITECTURE 

Architecture.  Complete 71 

Architectural  Construction 75 

Architectural  Design 73 

Architectural  Drawing 51 

Architectural  Drawing.  Elementary.  . . 51 

Architectural  Rendering 54 

Building  Construction 77 

Building  Contracting 76 

Estimating; 78 

Estimating,  Cost-keeping  and  Cost  Ac 

counting 77 

Freehand  Drawing.  . 55 


II 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


Page 


Farm  Drafting 142 

Farm  Building  Construction 142 

Heating  and  Ventilating 74 

Own  Your  Home 80 

Pen  Drawing 55 

Plan  Reading 79 

Plan  Reading  and  Estimating 78 

Plan  Reading  with  Mathematics 80 

Reading  of  Heating  and  Plumbing  Plans  69 
Reading  of  Heating  and  Plumbing  Plans 

with  Mathematics 68 

Reading  of  Heating.  Plumbing  and 

Architectural  Plans 58 

Reading  of  Heating,  Plumbing  and 
iVrchitectural  Plans  with  Mathe- 
matics  58 

Sheet  Metal  Design 56 

Use  of  the  Slide  Rule 154 

Water  Color  Rendering 56 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING 

Civil  Engineering 82 

Ci\dl  Engineering  Drawing 65 

Concrete  Engineering 89 

Drainage  Engineering 98 

Engineering  Contracts  and  Specifica- 
tions   100 

Highway  Drafting 94 

Highway  Engineering 93 

Highway  Sur^-eying 93 

Hydraulics 100 

Irrigation  Engineering 99 

Mechanics 90 

Mechanics  of  Materials 91 

Mine  Surveying 95 

Plain  Concrete  Construction 90 

Plane  Surveying 95 

Railroad  Engineering 91 

Railroad  Survey  ing 92 

Reading  of  Civil  Engineering  Drawings 

and  Blueprints 66 

Reading  of  Civil  Engineering  Drawings 
and  Blueprints  with  Mathematics. . . 65 

Sewerage  Engineering 97 

Structural  Engineering,  Principles  of.  . 87 

Structural  Drafting 54 

Structural  Stee.  Engineering 88 

Use  of  the  Slide  Rule 154 

Water  Supply  Engineering 96 

MECHANICAL 

Applied  Automobile  Engineering 119 

Automobile  and  Motor  Truck  Opera- 
tion  120 

Automobile  Con-struction  and  Repair.  . 119 

Blacksmithing  and  Forging 107 

Drawing  and  Shop  Mathematics  for 

Mechanics 62 

Electrical  Equipment  of  the  Automo- 
bile  120 

Factory  Management  and  Industrial 

Efficiency 107 

Foremanship 107 

Foundry  Practice 108 

Heating  and  Ventilating 74 

Machine  Drawing  and  Machine  Design  61 

Machine  Shop  Management 106 

Machine  Shop  Practice,  Advanced.  . . . 105 
Machine  Shop  Practice  and  Machine 

Shop  Management,  Advanced 106 

Machine  Shop  Tools  and  Methods.  . . 105 

Machine  Sketching  and  Drawing  for 
Mechanics 62 


Page 


Mechanics 90 

Mechanics  of  Materials 91 

Mechanical  Drawing 59 

Mechanical  Drawing.  Brief 57 

Mechanical  Drawing  with  Mathe- 
matics, Brief 59 

Mechanical  Drawing  for  Plumbers ....  68 

Mechanical  Engineering 102 

Pattemmaking 108 

Plumbing 109 

Punch  and  Die  Drafting  and  Design . . 63 

Reading  of  Machine  Drawings  and 

Blueprints 64 

Reading  of  Machine  Drawings  and 

Blueprints  with  Mathematics 64 

Reading  of  Heating  and  Plumbing  Plans  69 
Reading  of  Heating  and  Plumbing  Plans 

with  Mathematics 68 

Refrigeration 109 

Sheet  Metal  Design 56 

Tool  Drafting  and  Design 63 

Tractors  and  Farm  Machinery 143 

Use  of  the  Slide  Rule 154 

POWER 

Boiler  Room  Methods 115 

Engine  Room  Methods 115 

Fuels  and  Fuel  Economy 116 

Gels  and  Oil  Engine  Operation 116 

Marine  Engineering 112 

Mechanical  Engineering 102 

Power  Stations  (Steam  Electric) 117 

Stationary  Engineering 112 

Steam  Boilers,  Superheaters  and  Econo- 
mizers  114 

Steam  Engineering Ill 

Steam  Engines  and  Turbines 113 

AUTOMOBILE 

Applied  Automobile  Engineering 119 

Automobile  Construction  and  Repair  . 119 
Automobile  and  Motor  Truck  Operation  120 
Electrical  Equipment  of  the  Automo- 
bile  120 

Storage  Batteries 130 

ELECTRICAL 

Alternating  Currents 126 

Applied  Electricity  for  Practical  Men  127 

Armature  Winding 128 

Controllers  and  Wiring  Diagrams 128 

Direct  Current  Dynamo  Electric  Ma- 
chinery  126 

Electrical  Drawing 67 

Electrical  Engineering 122 

Electrical  Equipment  of  the  Automo- 
bile  120 

Electrical  Illumination 129 

Electrical  Wiring 130 

Electricity  and  Magnetism 125 

Power  Stations  (Steam  Electric! 117 

Reading  of  Electrical  Drawings  and 

Blueprints 68 

Reading  of  Electrical  Drawings  and 

Blueprints  with  Mathematics 67 

Shorter  Electrical  Engineering 124 

Storage  Batteries 130 

Use  of  the  Slide  Rule 154 

RADIO 

Radio  Engineering 132 

Radio  Operating i . 132 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


III 


AGRICULTURE 

Agriciiltural  Chemistry 

Breeding  and  Feeding  of  Livestock. . . . 

Dairjing 

Economic  Disease  and  Insect  Control.. 

Farm  Crops 

Farm  Forestry 

Farm  Management 

Productive  Orcharding 

Soils  and  Fertilizers 

Vegetable  Gardening 

POULTRY 

Poultrj'  Husbandry 

RURAL  ENGINEERING 

Farm  Building  Construction 

Farm  Drafting 

Farm  Drainage 

Farm  Engineering 

Farm  Mechanics 

Farm  “Water  Powers 

Farm  W ater  Supply 

Tractors  and  Farm  Machinery 

Plain  Concrete  Construction 

RAILWAY 

Air-Brake,  Modem 

Air-Brake  for  Locomotive  and  Air-Brake 

Inspectors 

Air-Brake  for  Trainmen  and  Car  In- 
spectors  

Locomotive  Engineering  for  Kailway 

Shopmen 

Locomotive  Operation,  Modem 

Locomotive  Operation  for  Shopmen . . . 
Locomotive  Operation  for  Shopmen, 

Advanced 

Locomotive  Operation  for  Shopmen, 

Complete 

Locomotive  Operation  for  Engineers..  . 

MATHEMATICS 

APPLIED  MATHEMATICS 

Arithmetic  for  the  Engineer 

Geometry  for  the  Engineer 

Algebra  for  the  Engineer 

Trigonometry  for  the  Engineer 

Engineering  Mathematics 

Arithmetic  for  Carpenters  and  Builders 

Shop  Arithmetic 

Advanced  Shop  Mathematics 

Mathematics  for  Machinists  and  Tool- 

makers  

Calculus  for  the  Engineer  (Differential 

and  Integral) 

Business  Arithmetic 

Use  of  the  Slide  Rule 

PURE  MATHEMATICS 

Arithmetic  for  Beginners 

Grammar  School  Arithmetic 

Elementary  Algebra 

Intermediate  Algebra 

Advanced  Algebra 

Plane  Geometry 

Solid  Geometry 

Plane  Trigonometry 

Spherical  Trigonometry 

Analytic  Geometry,  Plane 

Analytic  Geometry,  Three  Dimensions. 

Calculus,  Differential 

Calculus,  Integral 


GENERAL  EDUCATION 

HIGH  SCHOOL 

First  Year  High  School.  General 160 

First  Year  High  School  Commercial  . 163 

First  Year  High  School,  Trade 165 

Second  Year  High  School,  General.  ...  161 
Second  Year  High  School.  Commercial.  . 163 

Second  Y’ ear  High  School.  Trade 165 

Third  Year  High  School.  General 161 

Third  Y'ear  High  School,  Commercial.  . 163 
Third  Year  High  School.  Trade 166 

Fourth  Y^ear  High  School.  General.  . . 162 
FourthYearHighSchool, Commercial.  . 164 

Fourth  Y'ear  High  School,  Trade 166 

Complete  High  School,  General 160 

Complete  High  School,  Commercial. . . 162 

Complete  High  School.  Trade 164 

Complete  High  School,  Special 168 

SCIENCE 

Biology 171 

Botany i7i 

Chemistry 171 

Chemistry.  Agricultural 136 

Geography,  Commercial 171 

Geography,  Elementary 171 

Geography.  Physical 171 

Geology,  General 172 

Geology,  Historical 172 

Economic  Geology — Metallic 172 

Economic  Geology — Non-Metalllc 172 

Physics 171 

Physiology  and  Hygiene 171 

General  Science 170 

Zoology 171 

HISTORY 

Ancient  History 173 

Elementary  History  of  United  States.  . 172 

English  History 173 

Modem  History 173 

World's  History  to  1789 173 

World  s History — 1789  to  1920 173 

World's  History:  American  History ..  . 173 

GOVERNMENT 

Civics:  American  Government  and 

Citizensliip 174 

Ci\’ics.  Government  and  Politics  in  the 
United  States 174 

ENGLISH 

English  Grammar  for  Beginners 169 

English  Grammar  and  Composition.  . . 169 

English  Composition 169 

English  Literature i69 

English  Grammar,  Brief 169 

Business  English  and  Correspondence..  22 
Business  English  and  Correspondence, 

Advanced 23 

Better  Letters 37 

Complete  Letter  Writing 36 

LATIN 

First  Year  Latin 170 

Caesar's  Gallic  Wars 170 

Cicero's  Orations 170 

Virgil's  Aeneid 170 

Latin  Composition 170 

PEDAGOGY 

History  of  Education 174 

Educational  Psychology. . . 174 


Page 

136 

138 

138 

138 

135 

137 

135 

137 

136 

136 

139 

142 

142 

141 

140 

143 

142 

141 

143 

90 

148 

149 

149 

145 

146 

147 

147 

146 

148 

151 

151 

151 

152 

150 

154 

152 

153 

153 

152 

154 

154 

155 

156 

155 

155 

155 

156 

156 

157 

157 

157 

158 

158 

158 


IV 


THE  UNITED  Y.M.C.A.  SCHOOLS 


LANGUAGES 

Elementary  French 

Advanced  French  Academic.  . . . 
Advanced  French,  Commercial. 
Complete  F.’ench,  Academic. . . . 
Complete  French.  Commercial. . 

Elementary  Spanish 

Advanced  Spanish,  Academic. . . 
Advanced  Spanish,  Commercial. 
Complete  Spanish,  Academic. . . 
Complete  Spanish,  Commercial. 

Elementary  Italian 

Advanced  Italian,  Academic. . . . 
Advanced  Italian,  Commercial. . 
Complete  Italian,  Academic. . . . 
Complete  Italian,  Commercial. . 

Elementary  German 

Advanced  German,  Academic. . . 
Advanced  German,  Commercial 
Complete  German,  Academic. . . 


Page 


Complete  German.  Commercial 178 

English-French i80 

English-Spanish 180 

English-Italian 180 

English-German 180 

English-Portuguese. 180 

English  for  New  Americans 180 

LEADERSHIP  TRAINING 

Applied  Psychology 30 

Bible  Teacher  Training 182 

Community  Organization  and  Leader- 
ship  182 

Leadership  Training  in  the  Christian 
Citizenship  Training  Program  (Com- 
rades)  182 

Leadership  Training  in  the  Christian 
Citizenship  Training  Program  (Pio- 
neers)   182 

Public  Speaking 181 


Page 

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